具有纬度和经度的点集合之间的成对距离

Pairwise distance between collections of points with latitude and longitude

我有两组点及其纬度和经度,我想计算它们之间的成对距离。这适用于两个列表较小的情况:

from geopy.distance import distance

c1 = [(-34.7102, -58.3853),
     (-32.9406, -60.7136),
     (-34.6001, -58.3729),
     (-38.9412, -67.9948),
     (-35.1871, -59.0968)]

c2 = [(-43.2568, -65.2853),
     (-31.4038, -64.1645),
     (-34.7634, -58.2120),
     (-34.4819, -58.5828),
     (-34.5669, -58.4515),
     (-34.6356, -68.369),
     (-34.4048, -58.6896)]

distances = []
for c in c1:
    this_row = [distance(c, x).meters for x in c2]
    distances.append(this_row)

然而,c1c2的实际长度分别为50000和15000。当我 运行 上面的脚本和我的真实数据时,它需要很长时间。我正在寻找高效的东西,例如

distances = scipy.spatial.distance.cdist(c1, c2)

这非常快,但是函数 returns 的结果在一个未指定的单位中,据我所知。我正在寻找以米为单位的结果。

有什么方法可以更有效地重写第一个脚本吗?

我考虑了一些选择。这是我学到的,希望对您有所帮助:

scipy.distance.cdist:
它似乎接受一个可调用的 metric 参数,但我认为自定义函数也会使事情变慢。

scikitlearn.neighbors.DistanceMetric:
它有一个内置的 haversine 指标。
不管怎样,我没能很好地理解如何让事情正常进行,但我相信你会找到办法的。此外,他们声称,对于许多指标,DistanceMetric.pairwise 将比 scipy.cdist.

投影:
我找到的唯一可接受的解决方案暗示了像 aeqd of your coordinates on a 2D plane (I'm going to use pyproj 这样的投影。
这允许您在投影点上使用 scipy.cdist 并获得更快的速度,但是对于距离用作 aeqd 投影参考的 lat_0, lon_0 坐标太远的对,它会变得不太精确(可能是不同的投影或一些解决方法可以解决这个问题)。
我发布了您的循环和投影的结果以进行比较。

代码:

import numpy as np
import pyproj
import scipy
from geopy.distance import distance

c1 = np.array(
    [(-34.7102, -58.3853),
     (-32.9406, -60.7136),
     (-34.6001, -58.3729),
     (-38.9412, -67.9948),
     (-35.1871, -59.0968)]
    )

c2 = np.array(
    [(-43.2568, -65.2853),
     (-31.4038, -64.1645),
     (-34.7634, -58.2120),
     (-34.4819, -58.5828),
     (-34.5669, -58.4515),
     (-34.6356, -68.369),
     (-34.4048, -58.6896)]
)

# create projections, using a mean (lat, lon) for aeqd
lat_0, lon_0 = np.mean(np.append(c1[:,0], c2[:,0])), np.mean(np.append(c1[:,1], c2[:,1]))
proj = pyproj.Proj(proj='aeqd', lat_0=lat_0, lon_0=lon_0, x_0=lon_0, y_0=lat_0)
WGS84 = pyproj.Proj(init='epsg:4326')

# transform coordinates
projected_c1 = pyproj.transform(WGS84, proj, c1[:,1], c1[:,0])
projected_c2 = pyproj.transform(WGS84, proj, c2[:,1], c2[:,0])
projected_c1 = np.column_stack(projected_c1)
projected_c2 = np.column_stack(projected_c2)

# calculate pairwise distances in km with both methods
sc_dist = scipy.spatial.distance.cdist(projected_c1, projected_c2)
geo_distances = []
for c in c1:
    this_row = [distance(c, x).km for x in c2]
    geo_distances.append(this_row)

print("scipy\n")
print(sc_dist/1000)
print("\n")
print("geopy\n")
print(np.array(geo_distances))

输出:

scipy

[[1120.68384362  652.43817992   16.93436992   31.1480337    17.02161533
   914.68158465   43.91751967]
 [1212.75267066  367.46344647  307.41739698  261.2734859   276.57111944
   733.44881488  248.25303017]
 [1131.82744423  646.91757042   23.36452322   23.31086804    8.09877062
   916.39849619   36.27486327]
 [ 531.58906215  906.44775882  987.23837525  974.96389103  979.98229079
   479.75111318  971.51078808]
 [1042.57374645  631.42752409   93.47695658   91.28419725   90.64134205
   849.25121659   94.46063802]]


geopy

[[1120.50400287  652.32406273   16.93254254   31.1392657    17.01619952
   914.66757909   43.9058496 ]
 [1212.7494454   367.3591636   307.3468806   261.21313155  276.50708156
   733.28119124  248.19563872]
 [1131.65345927  646.79571942   23.35783766   23.30613446    8.09745879
   916.38027748   36.26700778]
 [ 530.49964531  905.85826336  987.20594883  974.95078113  979.96382386
   478.97343089  971.50158032]
 [1042.44765568  631.37206038   93.47402012   91.2737422    90.63359193
   849.24940173   94.44779778]]

cdist支持自定义距离函数,可以这样传:

from scipy.spatial.distance import cdist
from geopy.distance import distance as geodist # avoid naming confusion

sc_dist = cdist(c1, c2, lambda u, v: geodist(u, v).meters) # you can choose unit here

虽然我不确定性能。