使用映射插件时,Knockout 中的 beforeChange 值未定义

beforeChange value is undefined in Knockout when using the mapping plugin

根据 的回答,我尝试使用以下代码获取 observable 更改前的值。

var phoneBook;

function debug(s) {
  $("#log").append('<br>' + s);
}

function PhoneNumber(data) {
  var self = this;
  self.phoneType = ko.observable();
  self.phoneNumber = ko.observable();


  self.phoneNumber.subscribe(function(newValue) {
    debug('newvalue: ' + newValue);
  });

  self.phoneNumber.subscribe(function(previousValue) {
    debug(previousValue);

  }, self, "beforeChange");

  ko.mapping.fromJS(data, PhoneNumber.mapping, self);
}
PhoneNumber.mapping = {};

function Contact(data) {
  var self = this;

  self.name = ko.observable();
  self.email = ko.observable();
  self.phones = ko.observableArray();

  ko.mapping.fromJS(data, Contact.mapping, self);
}
Contact.mapping = {
  phones: {
    create: function(options) {
      return new PhoneNumber(options.data);
    }
  }
};

function PhoneBook(data) {
  var self = this;

  self.contacts = ko.observableArray();

  ko.mapping.fromJS(data, PhoneBook.mapping, self);
}
PhoneBook.mapping = {
  contacts: {
    create: function(options) {
      return new Contact(options.data);
    }
  }
};

var phoneBookData = {
  contacts: [{
      name: 'John',
      email: 'address@domain.com',
      phones: [{
        phoneType: 'Home Phone',
        phoneNumber: '999-888-777'
      }, {
        phoneType: 'Business Phone',
        phoneNumber: '444-888-777'
      }]
    },
    {
      name: 'John2',
      email: '222address@domain.com',
      phones: [{
        phoneType: '22Home Phone',
        phoneNumber: '22999-888-777'
      }, {
        phoneType: '22Business Phone',
        phoneNumber: '444-888-777'
      }]
    }
  ]
};

var phoneBookDataOther = {
  contacts: [{
      name: 'peter',
      email: 'address@domain.com',
      phones: [{
        phoneType: 'Home Phone',
        phoneNumber: '999-888-777'
      }, {
        phoneType: 'Business Phone',
        phoneNumber: '444-888-777'
      }]
    },
    {
      name: 'almond',
      email: '222address@domain.com',
      phones: [{
        phoneType: '22Home Phone',
        phoneNumber: '22999-888-777'
      }, {
        phoneType: '22Business Phone',
        phoneNumber: '444-888-777'
      }]
    }
  ]
};

function dofunc() {
  ko.mapping.fromJS(phoneBookDataOther, phoneBook);
}

$(document).ready(function() {
  phoneBook = new PhoneBook(phoneBookData);
  ko.applyBindings(phoneBook);

  setTimeout(dofunc, 5000)
});
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/knockout/3.5.0/knockout-min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/knockout.mapping/2.4.1/knockout.mapping.min.js"></script>

<ul data-bind="foreach: contacts">
  <li>
    <div data-bind="text: name"></div>
    <div data-bind="text: email"></div>
    <ul data-bind="foreach: phones">
      <li>
        <span data-bind="text: phoneType"></span>:
        <span data-bind="text: phoneNumber"></span>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>


<div>
  <p id="log"></p>
</div>

更改事件发生在再次调用映射插件时(这里是在超时 5 秒后),但是 previousValue 总是出现 undefined

我做错了什么?

这也是 jsfiddle:https://jsfiddle.net/icinema/ungbz27s/1/

这里的问题是你使用的映射插件错误,你的测试数据没有意义。

只有一个 "previous" 值,当您将一个新值写入 完全相同的 observable 时。但是当你映射一组完全不同的数据时,映射插件会丢弃你所有的视图模型并创建新的视图模型。

如何知道第一轮中名为"John"的对象与第二轮中名为"peter"的对象应该是同一个人?它不能。因此它会丢弃所有联系人,包括他们所有的 phone 号码并创建新的联系人。在这种情况下从来没有 "previous" 值。

你需要的是

  • 为联系人和 phone 号码提供一个键,以便在对 ko.mapping.fromJS 的调用中将它们识别为同一对象。
  • 通过向映射配置添加 key 函数,告诉映射插件对象的哪个属性应该是键。

阅读 documentation of the mapping plugin - 阅读整篇文章,开头并不多。

在下面的示例中,我使用 name 作为 contacts 的键,phoneType 作为 phones 的键,我修改了测试数据,使它们具有相同的两个集合中的名称和 phone 类型。您可能希望使用联系人 ID 号码而不是姓名作为密钥。

使用key功能的好处是,knockout只会更新DOM中的phone数字文本,而不是丢掉重新创建整个<li> 以及其中的所有内容,因为它可以识别现有的视图模型实例并保留它们。这将减少渲染时间。

/* global ko, $ */

function debug(s) {
  $("#log").append('<br>' + s);
}

function PhoneNumber(data) {
  var self = this;
  self.phoneType = ko.observable();
  self.phoneNumber = ko.observable();

  self.phoneNumber.subscribe(function(newValue) {
    debug('new value: ' + newValue);
  });

  self.phoneNumber.subscribe(function(previousValue) {
    debug('previous value: ' + previousValue);

  }, self, "beforeChange");

  ko.mapping.fromJS(data, PhoneNumber.mapping, self);
}
PhoneNumber.mapping = {};

function Contact(data) {
  var self = this;

  self.name = ko.observable();
  self.email = ko.observable();
  self.phones = ko.observableArray();

  ko.mapping.fromJS(data, Contact.mapping, self);
}
Contact.mapping = {
  phones: {
    create: function(options) {
      return new PhoneNumber(options.data);
    },
    key: function (data) {
      return ko.unwrap(data.phoneType);
    }
  }
};

function PhoneBook(data) {
  var self = this;

  self.contacts = ko.observableArray();

  ko.mapping.fromJS(data, PhoneBook.mapping, self);
}
PhoneBook.mapping = {
  contacts: {
    create: function(options) {
      return new Contact(options.data);
    },
    key: function (data) {
      return ko.unwrap(data.name);
    }
  }
};


var phoneBookData = {
  contacts: [{
      name: 'John',
      email: 'john@domain.com',
      phones: [{
        phoneType: 'Home Phone',
        phoneNumber: '999-888-777-old'
      }, {
        phoneType: 'Business Phone',
        phoneNumber: '444-888-777-old'
      }]
    },
    {
      name: 'Peter',
      email: 'peter@domain.com',
      phones: [{
        phoneType: 'Home Phone',
        phoneNumber: '22999-888-777-old'
      }, {
        phoneType: 'Business Phone',
        phoneNumber: '444-888-777-old'
      }]
    }
  ]
};

var phoneBookDataOther = {
  contacts: [{
      name: 'John',
      email: 'john@domain.com',
      phones: [{
        phoneType: 'Home Phone',
        phoneNumber: '999-888-777-new'
      }, {
        phoneType: 'Business Phone',
        phoneNumber: '444-888-777-new'
      }]
    },
    {
      name: 'Peter',
      email: 'peter@domain.com',
      phones: [{
        phoneType: 'Home Phone',
        phoneNumber: '22999-888-777-new'
      }, {
        phoneType: 'Business Phone',
        phoneNumber: '444-888-777-new'
      }]
    }
  ]
};

$(document).ready(function() {
  var phoneBook = new PhoneBook(phoneBookData);

  ko.applyBindings(phoneBook);

  debug('<hr>');
  setTimeout(function dofunc() {
    ko.mapping.fromJS(phoneBookDataOther, phoneBook);
  }, 3000);
});
#log { font-family: monospace; font-size: small; }
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/knockout/3.5.0/knockout-min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/knockout.mapping/2.4.1/knockout.mapping.min.js"></script>

<ul data-bind="foreach: contacts">
  <li>
    <div data-bind="text: name"></div>
    <div data-bind="text: email"></div>
    <ul data-bind="foreach: phones">
      <li>
        <span data-bind="text: phoneType"></span>:
        <span data-bind="text: phoneNumber"></span>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>

<hr>
<div id="log"></div>