动画正弦波，固定起点和终点

Question

我的 canvas 中有一个正弦波，它是动画的，左右摇摆。我想要实现的是起点和终点保持不变。如何实现？

function start() {
  var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
  var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
  context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
  drawCurves(context, step);

  step += 5;
  window.requestAnimationFrame(start);
}

var step = -4;

function drawCurves(ctx, step) {
  var width = ctx.canvas.width;
  var height = ctx.canvas.height;
  ctx.beginPath();
  ctx.lineWidth = 2;
  ctx.strokeStyle = "rgb(66,44,255)";

  var x = 4;
  var y = 0;
  var amplitude = 20;
  var frequency = 90;
  while (y < height) {
    x = width / 2 + amplitude * Math.sin((y + step) / frequency);
    ctx.lineTo(x, y);
    y++;
  }
  ctx.stroke();
}

canvas {
  background-color: wheat;
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
</head>

<body onload="start()">

  <canvas id="canvas" width="500" height="2000"></canvas>

</body>

</html>

Answer 1

我已经更改了您的 canvas 的大小，因为我希望能够看到它。您可以将其改回您需要的。

我做了两件事：

频率必须是var frequency = height / (2 * Math.PI);或var frequency = height / (4 * Math.PI);。除数必须是 2 * Math.PI
的倍数
我把上下文反方向翻译相同的量：ctx.translate(-amplitude * Math.sin(step / frequency), 0);

如果您需要更微妙的振荡，请使用振幅。

在我的代码中有一个被注释掉的 ctx.closePath() 请取消注释这一行以清楚地看到 sine-wave 固定在中间。我希望这就是你要问的。

var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");


function start() {

  context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
  drawCurves(context, step);

  step += 5;
  window.requestAnimationFrame(start);
}

var step = -4;

function drawCurves(ctx, step) {
  var width = ctx.canvas.width;
  var height = ctx.canvas.height;
  ctx.beginPath();
  ctx.lineWidth = 2;
  ctx.strokeStyle = "rgb(66,44,255)";

  var x = 0;
  var y = 0;
  var amplitude = 10;
  var frequency = height / (2 * Math.PI);
  ctx.save();
  ctx.translate(-amplitude * Math.sin(step / frequency), 0);
  while (y < height) {
    x = width / 2 + amplitude * Math.sin((y + step) / frequency);
    ctx.lineTo(x, y);
    y++;
  }
  //ctx.closePath();
  ctx.stroke();
  ctx.restore();
}

start();

canvas {
  background-color: wheat;
}

div {
  width: 100px;
  height: 400px;
  border: solid;
}

<div class="box">
<canvas id="canvas" width="100" height="400"></canvas>
</div>

更新

如果你需要使用多条曲线，你可以这样做：

我将绘制波浪的所有功能放在函数 drawWave 中，该函数以振幅和要使用的三角函数（sin 或 cos）作为参数：

var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
var width = ctx.canvas.width;
var height = ctx.canvas.height;
var step = -4;

function start() {
  window.requestAnimationFrame(start);
  ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
  
  drawWave(10,"sin");
  drawWave(10,"cos");
  drawWave(5,"sin");
  
  step += 5; 
}


  
function drawWave(amplitude,trig){
  // trig is the trigonometric function to be used: sin or cos
  ctx.beginPath();
  ctx.lineWidth = 2;
  ctx.strokeStyle = "rgb(66,44,255)";

  var x = 0;
  var y = 0;
  //var amplitude = 10;
  var frequency = height / (2 * Math.PI);
  ctx.save();
  ctx.translate(-amplitude * Math[trig](step / frequency), 0);
  while (y < height) {
    x = width / 2 + amplitude * Math[trig]((y + step) / frequency);
    ctx.lineTo(x, y);
    y++;
  }

  ctx.stroke();
  ctx.restore();
}

start();

canvas {
  background-color: wheat;
}

div {
  width: 100px;
  height: 400px;
  border: solid;
}

<div class="box">
<canvas id="canvas" width="100" height="400"></canvas>
</div>

Answer 2

GLSL 版本

因为uv-coordinates在这个fragment shader中是从0到1变化的，所以很容易达到目标，你只需要能被pi整除的wave frequency。

let gl = canvas.getContext('webgl');
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, gl.createBuffer());
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array([-1,  3, -1, -1, 3, -1]), gl.STATIC_DRAW);

let pid = gl.createProgram();
shader(`attribute vec2 v;void main(void){gl_Position=vec4(v.xy,0.,1.);}`,gl.VERTEX_SHADER);
shader(document.querySelector(`script[type="glsl"]`).textContent,gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER);
gl.linkProgram(pid);
gl.useProgram(pid);

let v = gl.getAttribLocation(pid, "v");
gl.vertexAttribPointer(v, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(v);

let resolution = gl.getUniformLocation(pid, 'resolution');
let time = gl.getUniformLocation(pid, 'time');

requestAnimationFrame(draw);

function draw(t) {
  gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight);
  gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
  gl.uniform1f(time, t/500);
  gl.uniform2f(resolution, gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight);
  gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
  requestAnimationFrame(draw);
}

function shader(src, type) {
  let sid = gl.createShader(type);
  gl.shaderSource(sid, src);
  gl.compileShader(sid);
  gl.attachShader(pid, sid);
}

<canvas width="200" height="600" id="canvas"/>
<script type="glsl">
precision highp float;
uniform float time;
uniform vec2 resolution;

void main(void) {
  vec2 uv = gl_FragCoord.xy / resolution.xy;
  vec2 p = 20.*uv - 10.;
  vec3 f = vec3(0.);
  f+=pow(abs(p.x+5.*sin(time*2.)*sin(uv.y*6.28*2.)+cos(uv.y*11.)),-0.8)*vec3(.5,.0,.5);
  f+=pow(abs(p.x+4.*sin(time*3.)*sin(uv.y*6.28*.5)+cos(uv.y*21.)),-0.8)*vec3(.5,.5,.0);
  f+=pow(abs(p.x+3.*sin(time*5.)*sin(uv.y*6.28*1.)+cos(uv.y*17.)),-0.8)*vec3(.0,.5,.5);
  gl_FragColor = vec4(f, 1.);  
}
</script>

动画正弦波，固定起点和终点

Animate sine wave, fixed start and end points

javascript

html5-canvas

sine-wave

更新