为什么我的海龟程序不能正常关闭？
why doesnt't my turtle program close properly?
我用了海龟库(clock)的例子并扩展了它，所以即使打开其他程序它也保持在最前面。我希望它在有人点击时钟时关闭-window。大多数时候它工作正常，但有时会打开一个新的空海龟 window。如何在不弹出新 window 的情况下关闭它？
这是代码的关闭部分：
def main():
tracer(False)
setup()
tracer(True)
tick()
wn.exitonclick()
这是整个程序：
import turtle as t
from datetime import datetime
import tkinter as Tkinter
def jump(distanz, winkel=0):
penup()
right(winkel)
forward(distanz)
left(winkel)
pendown()
def hand(laenge, spitze):
fd(laenge*1.15)
rt(90)
fd(spitze/2.0)
lt(120)
fd(spitze)
lt(120)
fd(spitze)
lt(120)
fd(spitze/2.0)
def make_hand_shape(name, laenge, spitze):
reset()
jump(-laenge*0.15)
begin_poly()
hand(laenge, spitze)
end_poly()
hand_form = get_poly()
register_shape(name, hand_form)
def clockface(radius):
reset()
pensize(7)
for i in range(60):
jump(radius)
if i % 5 == 0:
fd(5)
penup()
fd(20)
pendown()
jump(-radius-25)
else:
dot(3)
jump(-radius)
rt(6)
def setup():
global second_hand, minute_hand, hour_hand, writer, wn
mode("logo")
t.setup(width=150, height=150, startx=1920-150, starty=500)
t.title("Clock")
make_hand_shape("second_hand", 60, 15)
make_hand_shape("minute_hand", 50, 15)
make_hand_shape("hour_hand", 30, 15)
clockface(60)
second_hand = Turtle()
second_hand.shape("second_hand")
second_hand.color("gray20", "gray80")
minute_hand = Turtle()
minute_hand.shape("minute_hand")
minute_hand.color("blue1", "red1")
hour_hand = Turtle()
hour_hand.shape("hour_hand")
hour_hand.color("blue3", "red3")
for hand in second_hand, minute_hand, hour_hand:
hand.resizemode("user")
hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)
hand.speed(0)
ht()
writer = Turtle()
wn=Screen()
wn.screensize(50, 50)
wn.getcanvas()._root().overrideredirect(True)
rootwindow = wn.getcanvas().winfo_toplevel()
rootwindow.call('wm', 'attributes', '.', '-topmost', '1')
#wn.exitonclick()
#rootwindow.call('wm', 'attributes', '.', '-topmost', '0')
#writer.mode("logo")
writer.ht()
writer.pu()
writer.bk(85)
def wochentag(t):
wochentag = ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
"Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]
return wochentag[t.weekday()]
def datum(z):
monat = ["Jan.", "Feb.", "Mar.", "Apr.", "May", "June",
"July", "Aug.", "Sep.", "Oct.", "Nov.", "Dec."]
j = z.year
m = monat[z.month - 1]
t = z.day
return "%s %d %d" % (m, t, j)
def tick():
t = datetime.today()
sekunde = t.second + t.microsecond*0.000001
minute = t.minute + sekunde/60.0
stunde = t.hour + minute/60.0
try:
tracer(False) # Terminator can occur here
writer.clear()
writer.home()
writer.forward(25)
writer.write(wochentag(t),
align="center", font=("Courier", 11, "bold"))
writer.back(60)
writer.write(datum(t),
align="center", font=("Courier", 11, "bold"))
writer.forward(85)
tracer(True)
second_hand.setheading(6*sekunde) # or here
minute_hand.setheading(6*minute)
hour_hand.setheading(30*stunde)
tracer(True)
ontimer(tick, 100)
except Terminator:
pass # turtledemo user pressed STOP
def main():
tracer(False)
setup()
tracer(True)
tick()
wn.exitonclick()
return "EVENTLOOP"
try:
if __name__ == "__main__":
mode("logo")
msg = main()
print(msg)
mainloop()
except:
pass
这是输出：
输出：
（正如所发布的那样，您的代码对我而言无法正确启动。）
我担心的是您同时拥有 mainloop() 和 exitonclick()。它们执行相同的功能（exitonclick() 将 onclick() 设置为 bye() 并调用 mainloop()）并且应该只有其中之一。 （同上done()。）
下面我稍微修改了你的代码以简化它并使退出同步，而不是 exitonclick() 我设置了一个点击处理程序来设置一个全局变量，running， tick() 例行检查是否应再次调用 ontimer() 或执行 bye():
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
from datetime import datetime
FONT = ("Courier", 11, "bold")
def jump(distanz, winkel=0):
turtle.penup()
turtle.right(winkel)
turtle.forward(distanz)
turtle.left(winkel)
turtle.pendown()
def hand(laenge, spitze):
turtle.fd(laenge * 1.15)
turtle.rt(90)
turtle.fd(spitze / 2.0)
turtle.lt(120)
turtle.fd(spitze)
turtle.lt(120)
turtle.fd(spitze)
turtle.lt(120)
turtle.fd(spitze / 2.0)
def make_hand_shape(name, laenge, spitze):
turtle.reset()
turtle.hideturtle()
jump(-laenge * 0.15)
turtle.begin_poly()
hand(laenge, spitze)
turtle.end_poly()
hand_form = turtle.get_poly()
screen.register_shape(name, hand_form)
def clockface(radius):
turtle.reset()
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.pensize(7)
for i in range(60):
jump(radius)
if i % 5 == 0:
turtle.fd(5)
turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(20)
turtle.pendown()
jump(-radius - 25)
else:
turtle.dot(3)
jump(-radius)
turtle.rt(6)
def wochentag(t):
wochentag = ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]
return wochentag[t.weekday()]
def datum(z):
monat = ["Jan.", "Feb.", "Mar.", "Apr.", "May", "June", "July", "Aug.", "Sep.", "Oct.", "Nov.", "Dec."]
j = z.year
m = monat[z.month - 1]
t = z.day
return "%s %d %d" % (m, t, j)
def prepare_to_stop(x, y):
global running
running = False
def tick():
t = datetime.today()
sekunde = t.second + t.microsecond * 0.000001
minute = t.minute + sekunde / 60.0
stunde = t.hour + minute / 60.0
screen.tracer(False)
wochentag_writer.clear()
wochentag_writer.write(wochentag(t), align="center", font=FONT)
datum_writer.clear()
datum_writer.write(datum(t), align="center", font=FONT)
screen.tracer(True)
second_hand.setheading(6 * sekunde)
minute_hand.setheading(6 * minute)
hour_hand.setheading(30 * stunde)
if running:
screen.ontimer(tick, 100)
else:
screen.bye()
screen = Screen()
screen.setup(width=170, height=170)
screen.mode("logo")
screen.title("Clock")
turtle = Turtle(visible=False)
screen.tracer(False)
make_hand_shape("second_hand", 60, 15)
make_hand_shape("minute_hand", 50, 15)
make_hand_shape("hour_hand", 30, 15)
clockface(60)
second_hand = Turtle()
second_hand.shape("second_hand")
second_hand.color("gray20", "gray80")
minute_hand = Turtle()
minute_hand.shape("minute_hand")
minute_hand.color("blue1", "red1")
hour_hand = Turtle()
hour_hand.shape("hour_hand")
hour_hand.color("blue3", "red3")
for hand in second_hand, minute_hand, hour_hand:
hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)
hand.speed('fastest')
wochentag_writer = Turtle(visible=False)
wochentag_writer.penup()
wochentag_writer.forward(25)
wochentag_writer.write("", align="center", font=FONT)
datum_writer = Turtle(visible=False)
datum_writer.penup()
datum_writer.back(35)
datum_writer.write("", align="center", font=FONT)
screen.tracer(True)
screen.screensize(50, 50)
canvas = screen.getcanvas()
canvas._root().overrideredirect(True)
rootwindow = canvas.winfo_toplevel()
rootwindow.call('wm', 'attributes', '.', '-topmost', '1')
running = True
tick()
screen.onclick(prepare_to_stop)
screen.mainloop()
希望这些更改对您有用。
我用了海龟库(clock)的例子并扩展了它，所以即使打开其他程序它也保持在最前面。我希望它在有人点击时钟时关闭-window。大多数时候它工作正常，但有时会打开一个新的空海龟 window。如何在不弹出新 window 的情况下关闭它？
这是代码的关闭部分：
def main():
tracer(False)
setup()
tracer(True)
tick()
wn.exitonclick()
这是整个程序：
import turtle as t
from datetime import datetime
import tkinter as Tkinter
def jump(distanz, winkel=0):
penup()
right(winkel)
forward(distanz)
left(winkel)
pendown()
def hand(laenge, spitze):
fd(laenge*1.15)
rt(90)
fd(spitze/2.0)
lt(120)
fd(spitze)
lt(120)
fd(spitze)
lt(120)
fd(spitze/2.0)
def make_hand_shape(name, laenge, spitze):
reset()
jump(-laenge*0.15)
begin_poly()
hand(laenge, spitze)
end_poly()
hand_form = get_poly()
register_shape(name, hand_form)
def clockface(radius):
reset()
pensize(7)
for i in range(60):
jump(radius)
if i % 5 == 0:
fd(5)
penup()
fd(20)
pendown()
jump(-radius-25)
else:
dot(3)
jump(-radius)
rt(6)
def setup():
global second_hand, minute_hand, hour_hand, writer, wn
mode("logo")
t.setup(width=150, height=150, startx=1920-150, starty=500)
t.title("Clock")
make_hand_shape("second_hand", 60, 15)
make_hand_shape("minute_hand", 50, 15)
make_hand_shape("hour_hand", 30, 15)
clockface(60)
second_hand = Turtle()
second_hand.shape("second_hand")
second_hand.color("gray20", "gray80")
minute_hand = Turtle()
minute_hand.shape("minute_hand")
minute_hand.color("blue1", "red1")
hour_hand = Turtle()
hour_hand.shape("hour_hand")
hour_hand.color("blue3", "red3")
for hand in second_hand, minute_hand, hour_hand:
hand.resizemode("user")
hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)
hand.speed(0)
ht()
writer = Turtle()
wn=Screen()
wn.screensize(50, 50)
wn.getcanvas()._root().overrideredirect(True)
rootwindow = wn.getcanvas().winfo_toplevel()
rootwindow.call('wm', 'attributes', '.', '-topmost', '1')
#wn.exitonclick()
#rootwindow.call('wm', 'attributes', '.', '-topmost', '0')
#writer.mode("logo")
writer.ht()
writer.pu()
writer.bk(85)
def wochentag(t):
wochentag = ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
"Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]
return wochentag[t.weekday()]
def datum(z):
monat = ["Jan.", "Feb.", "Mar.", "Apr.", "May", "June",
"July", "Aug.", "Sep.", "Oct.", "Nov.", "Dec."]
j = z.year
m = monat[z.month - 1]
t = z.day
return "%s %d %d" % (m, t, j)
def tick():
t = datetime.today()
sekunde = t.second + t.microsecond*0.000001
minute = t.minute + sekunde/60.0
stunde = t.hour + minute/60.0
try:
tracer(False) # Terminator can occur here
writer.clear()
writer.home()
writer.forward(25)
writer.write(wochentag(t),
align="center", font=("Courier", 11, "bold"))
writer.back(60)
writer.write(datum(t),
align="center", font=("Courier", 11, "bold"))
writer.forward(85)
tracer(True)
second_hand.setheading(6*sekunde) # or here
minute_hand.setheading(6*minute)
hour_hand.setheading(30*stunde)
tracer(True)
ontimer(tick, 100)
except Terminator:
pass # turtledemo user pressed STOP
def main():
tracer(False)
setup()
tracer(True)
tick()
wn.exitonclick()
return "EVENTLOOP"
try:
if __name__ == "__main__":
mode("logo")
msg = main()
print(msg)
mainloop()
except:
pass
这是输出：
输出：
（正如所发布的那样，您的代码对我而言无法正确启动。）
我担心的是您同时拥有 mainloop() 和 exitonclick()。它们执行相同的功能（exitonclick() 将 onclick() 设置为 bye() 并调用 mainloop()）并且应该只有其中之一。 （同上done()。）
下面我稍微修改了你的代码以简化它并使退出同步，而不是 exitonclick() 我设置了一个点击处理程序来设置一个全局变量，running， tick() 例行检查是否应再次调用 ontimer() 或执行 bye():
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
from datetime import datetime
FONT = ("Courier", 11, "bold")
def jump(distanz, winkel=0):
turtle.penup()
turtle.right(winkel)
turtle.forward(distanz)
turtle.left(winkel)
turtle.pendown()
def hand(laenge, spitze):
turtle.fd(laenge * 1.15)
turtle.rt(90)
turtle.fd(spitze / 2.0)
turtle.lt(120)
turtle.fd(spitze)
turtle.lt(120)
turtle.fd(spitze)
turtle.lt(120)
turtle.fd(spitze / 2.0)
def make_hand_shape(name, laenge, spitze):
turtle.reset()
turtle.hideturtle()
jump(-laenge * 0.15)
turtle.begin_poly()
hand(laenge, spitze)
turtle.end_poly()
hand_form = turtle.get_poly()
screen.register_shape(name, hand_form)
def clockface(radius):
turtle.reset()
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.pensize(7)
for i in range(60):
jump(radius)
if i % 5 == 0:
turtle.fd(5)
turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(20)
turtle.pendown()
jump(-radius - 25)
else:
turtle.dot(3)
jump(-radius)
turtle.rt(6)
def wochentag(t):
wochentag = ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]
return wochentag[t.weekday()]
def datum(z):
monat = ["Jan.", "Feb.", "Mar.", "Apr.", "May", "June", "July", "Aug.", "Sep.", "Oct.", "Nov.", "Dec."]
j = z.year
m = monat[z.month - 1]
t = z.day
return "%s %d %d" % (m, t, j)
def prepare_to_stop(x, y):
global running
running = False
def tick():
t = datetime.today()
sekunde = t.second + t.microsecond * 0.000001
minute = t.minute + sekunde / 60.0
stunde = t.hour + minute / 60.0
screen.tracer(False)
wochentag_writer.clear()
wochentag_writer.write(wochentag(t), align="center", font=FONT)
datum_writer.clear()
datum_writer.write(datum(t), align="center", font=FONT)
screen.tracer(True)
second_hand.setheading(6 * sekunde)
minute_hand.setheading(6 * minute)
hour_hand.setheading(30 * stunde)
if running:
screen.ontimer(tick, 100)
else:
screen.bye()
screen = Screen()
screen.setup(width=170, height=170)
screen.mode("logo")
screen.title("Clock")
turtle = Turtle(visible=False)
screen.tracer(False)
make_hand_shape("second_hand", 60, 15)
make_hand_shape("minute_hand", 50, 15)
make_hand_shape("hour_hand", 30, 15)
clockface(60)
second_hand = Turtle()
second_hand.shape("second_hand")
second_hand.color("gray20", "gray80")
minute_hand = Turtle()
minute_hand.shape("minute_hand")
minute_hand.color("blue1", "red1")
hour_hand = Turtle()
hour_hand.shape("hour_hand")
hour_hand.color("blue3", "red3")
for hand in second_hand, minute_hand, hour_hand:
hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)
hand.speed('fastest')
wochentag_writer = Turtle(visible=False)
wochentag_writer.penup()
wochentag_writer.forward(25)
wochentag_writer.write("", align="center", font=FONT)
datum_writer = Turtle(visible=False)
datum_writer.penup()
datum_writer.back(35)
datum_writer.write("", align="center", font=FONT)
screen.tracer(True)
screen.screensize(50, 50)
canvas = screen.getcanvas()
canvas._root().overrideredirect(True)
rootwindow = canvas.winfo_toplevel()
rootwindow.call('wm', 'attributes', '.', '-topmost', '1')
running = True
tick()
screen.onclick(prepare_to_stop)
screen.mainloop()
希望这些更改对您有用。