我可以使用 class 和语言环境以代数方式构建 while 结构吗?

Can I construct a while structure algebraically using class and locale?

我正在从代数结构构建程序语句,而不是使用定义,或者 functions.That 是使用区域设置或 class 命令在 Isabelle 中设置它们的属性。
现在我需要构建一个 while 语句。

我知道我可以用函数命令来定义它,或者我可以用 kleene 代数来定义它。但是,正如我之前所说,我只想描述 class 或语言环境的性质。
所以我写了这段代码:

consts skip  :: "'a" ("II")
type_synonym 'a proc = "'a "

class sequen = 
  fixes seq :: "'a proc ⇒'a proc  ⇒'a proc " (infixl ";;" 60)
  assumes seq_assoc : "(x ;; y) ;; z = x ;; (y ;; z)"
      and seq_skip_left : "II ;; x = x"
      and seq_skip_right : "x ;; II = x" 

definition ifprog :: " 'a proc  ⇒ bool ⇒ 'a proc  ⇒ 'a proc "  ("(_ ◃ _ ▹ _)" [52,0,53] 52)
  where "x ◃ bexp ▹ y ≡ (THE z::'a proc . (bexp = True ⟶ z = x) ∧ (bexp = False ⟶ z = y))"

locale while_unfold =
  sequen seq 
  for seq :: "'a proc ⇒'a proc  ⇒'a proc " +
  fixes while ::"bool ⇒ 'a proc ⇒ 'a proc" ("while _ do _ od")
  assumes while_ltera : "while bexp do P od =  (P ;; (while bexp do P od)) ◃ bexp ▹ II"

如果可以的话,我就不会在这里问问题了,我有问题:
Type unification failed: Variable 'a::type not of sort sequen

然后,这些详细信息是:

Type unification failed: Variable 'a::type not of sort sequen

Type error in application: incompatible operand type

Operator: (;;) :: ??'a ⇒ ??'a ⇒ ??'a
Operand: P :: 'a

如何避免这个问题,或者这种描述方式可以用来构造具有迭代功能的语句,比如while.

我没看class/locale的内容,但是错误信息好像是self-explanatory: type unification failed due to an incompatible sort constraint for the type variable 'a.除非你依赖类型推断,否则需要明确提供排序约束:

consts skip  :: "'a" ("II")
type_synonym 'a proc = "'a "

class sequen = 
  fixes seq :: "'a proc ⇒'a proc  ⇒'a proc " (infixl ";;" 60)
  assumes seq_assoc : "(x ;; y) ;; z = x ;; (y ;; z)"
      and seq_skip_left : "II ;; x = x"
      and seq_skip_right : "x ;; II = x" 

(*sequen_class.seq has the type 
"'a::sequen ⇒ 'a::sequen ⇒ 'a::sequen",
 which includes the sort constraint sequen for the type variable 'a:*)
declare [[show_sorts]]
term sequen_class.seq

definition ifprog :: " 'a proc  ⇒ bool ⇒ 'a proc  ⇒ 'a proc "  ("(_ ◃ _ ▹ _)" [52,0,53] 52)
  where "x ◃ bexp ▹ y ≡ (THE z::'a proc . (bexp = True ⟶ z = x) ∧ (bexp = False ⟶ z = y))"

(*note the sort constraint*)
locale while_unfold =
  sequen seq 
  for seq :: "'a::sequen proc ⇒'a proc  ⇒'a proc " +
  fixes while ::"bool ⇒ 'a proc ⇒ 'a proc" ("while _ do _ od")
  assumes while_ltera : "while bexp do P od =  (P ;; (while bexp do P od)) ◃ bexp ▹ II"

(*alternatively, consider using a class instead of a locale, although,
most certainly, the best choice depends on your application*)
class while_unfold' =
  sequen +
  fixes while ::"bool ⇒ 'a proc ⇒ 'a proc" ("while _ do _ od")
  assumes while_ltera : "while bexp do P od =  (P ;; (while bexp do P od)) ◃ bexp ▹ II"

有关 类 和排序约束的更多信息,请参阅 Isabelle/Isar 参考手册中的第 3.3.6 和 5.8 节。您还可以查看 Isabelle/Isar 实施中的第 2 部分。


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