如何在 MacBook 键盘上点击（挂钩）F7 到 F12 和 Power/Eject
How to tap (hook) F7 through F12 and Power/Eject on a MacBook keyboard
这个问题来自How to hook/remap an arbitrary keyboard event on OSX?
到目前为止，我可以使用修改键和大多数其他键：
_eventTap = CGEventTapCreate( kCGHIDEventTap,
kCGHeadInsertEventTap,
kCGEventTapOptionDefault,
CGEventMaskBit( kCGEventKeyDown )
| CGEventMaskBit( kCGEventFlagsChanged )
,
(CGEventTapCallBack)_tapCallback,
(__bridge void *)(self));
值得注意的是，F3 在 采取行动之前 正确报告了键码 (160)。即我可以通过让我的事件处理程序 return NULL（因此无法传播事件）来禁用该操作。
但是，F7 到 F12 和 Eject/Power 不会触发回调。
如果我添加：
| CGEventMaskBit( NSSystemDefined )
...现在剩余的 Fx 键会触发回调（尽管 Power/Eject 仍然不会），但我无法访问事件的 keyCode 方法。
产生错误：
2015-05-21 12:30:02.044 tap_k[16532:698660] NSSystemDefined: 0
2015-05-21 12:30:02.044 tap_k[16532:698660] * Assertion failure in
-[NSEvent keyCode], /SourceCache/AppKit/AppKit-1347.57/AppKit.subproj/NSEvent.m:2471
2015-05-21 12:30:02.045 tap_k[16532:698660] * Terminating app due to
uncaught exception 'NSInternalInconsistencyException', reason:
'Invalid message sent to event "NSEvent: type=SysDefined loc=(882,687)
time=118943.3 flags=0 win=0x0 winNum=0 ctxt=0x0 subtype=8 data1=2560
data2=-1"'
所以要么：
(1) 我需要一些其他方法从 NSEvent 中提取一些唯一标识符，或者
(2) 我需要tap/hook 低一级
使用 (1)，我注意到 NSEvent 有一个 data1 属性。记录这是十六进制给出：
2015-05-21 12:40:05.428 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 140b00
2015-05-21 12:40:06.914 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 100a00
2015-05-21 12:40:06.992 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 100b00
2015-05-21 12:40:07.600 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 130a00
2015-05-21 12:40:07.690 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 130b00
2015-05-21 12:40:08.219 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 70a00
2015-05-21 12:40:08.277 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 70b00
2015-05-21 12:40:09.062 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 10a00
2015-05-21 12:40:09.186 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 10b00
2015-05-21 12:40:09.637 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: a00
2015-05-21 12:40:09.726 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: b00
.. 当我keydown/keyup F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12.
（另外，最后一个值更改为 1 表示重复）。
所以我想我可以只使用这些值的事件，然后传递其他 NSSystemDefined 事件。
而且还是没有解决抓Eject/Power的问题。
但是有cleaner/better方法吗？
如果有人有兴趣玩，这里是完整的代码：
// compile and run from the commandline with:
// clang -fobjc-arc -framework Cocoa ./foo.m -o foo
// sudo ./foo
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <AppKit/NSEvent.h>
typedef CFMachPortRef EventTap;
// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
@interface KeyChanger : NSObject
{
@private
EventTap _eventTap;
CFRunLoopSourceRef _runLoopSource;
CGEventRef _lastEvent;
}
@end
// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CGEventRef _tapCallback(
CGEventTapProxy proxy,
CGEventType type,
CGEventRef event,
KeyChanger* listener
);
// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
@implementation KeyChanger
- (BOOL)tapEvents
{
if (!_eventTap) {
NSLog(@"Initializing an event tap.");
// kCGHeadInsertEventTap -- new event tap should be inserted before any pre-existing event taps at the same location,
_eventTap = CGEventTapCreate( kCGHIDEventTap, // kCGSessionEventTap,
kCGHeadInsertEventTap,
kCGEventTapOptionDefault,
CGEventMaskBit( kCGEventKeyDown )
| CGEventMaskBit( kCGEventFlagsChanged )
| CGEventMaskBit( NSSystemDefined )
,
(CGEventTapCallBack)_tapCallback,
(__bridge void *)(self));
if (!_eventTap) {
NSLog(@"unable to create event tap. must run as root or "
"add privlidges for assistive devices to this app.");
return NO;
}
}
CGEventTapEnable(_eventTap, TRUE);
return [self isTapActive];
}
- (BOOL)isTapActive
{
return CGEventTapIsEnabled(_eventTap);
}
- (void)listen
{
if( ! _runLoopSource ) {
if( _eventTap ) { //dont use [self tapActive]
_runLoopSource = CFMachPortCreateRunLoopSource( kCFAllocatorDefault,
_eventTap, 0);
// Add to the current run loop.
CFRunLoopAddSource( CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), _runLoopSource,
kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
NSLog(@"Registering event tap as run loop source.");
CFRunLoopRun();
}else{
NSLog(@"No Event tap in place! You will need to call "
"listen after tapEvents to get events.");
}
}
}
- (CGEventRef)processEvent:(CGEventRef)cgEvent
{
NSEvent* event = [NSEvent eventWithCGEvent:cgEvent];
NSUInteger modifiers = [event modifierFlags] &
(NSCommandKeyMask | NSAlternateKeyMask | NSShiftKeyMask | NSControlKeyMask);
enum {
kVK_ANSI_3 = 0x14,
};
switch( event.type ) {
case NSFlagsChanged:
NSLog(@"NSFlagsChanged: %d", event.keyCode);
break;
case NSSystemDefined:
NSLog(@"NSSystemDefined: %x", event.data1);
return NULL;
case kCGEventKeyDown:
NSLog(@"KeyDown: %d", event.keyCode);
break;
default:
NSLog(@"WTF");
}
// TODO: add other cases and do proper handling of case
if (
//[event.characters caseInsensitiveCompare:@"3"] == NSOrderedSame
event.keyCode == kVK_ANSI_3
&& modifiers == NSShiftKeyMask
)
{
NSLog(@"Got SHIFT+3");
event = [NSEvent keyEventWithType: event.type
location: NSZeroPoint
modifierFlags: event.modifierFlags & ! NSShiftKeyMask
timestamp: event.timestamp
windowNumber: event.windowNumber
context: event.context
characters: @"#"
charactersIgnoringModifiers: @"#"
isARepeat: event.isARepeat
keyCode: event.keyCode];
}
_lastEvent = [event CGEvent];
CFRetain(_lastEvent); // must retain the event. will be released by the system
return _lastEvent;
}
- (void)dealloc
{
if( _runLoopSource ) {
CFRunLoopRemoveSource( CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), _runLoopSource, kCFRunLoopCommonModes );
CFRelease( _runLoopSource );
}
if( _eventTap ) {
//kill the event tap
CGEventTapEnable( _eventTap, FALSE );
CFRelease( _eventTap );
}
}
@end
// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CGEventRef _tapCallback(
CGEventTapProxy proxy,
CGEventType type,
CGEventRef event,
KeyChanger* listener
)
{
//Do not make the NSEvent here.
//NSEvent will throw an exception if we try to make an event from the tap timout type
@autoreleasepool {
if( type == kCGEventTapDisabledByTimeout ) {
NSLog(@"event tap has timed out, re-enabling tap");
[listener tapEvents];
return nil;
}
if( type != kCGEventTapDisabledByUserInput ) {
return [listener processEvent:event];
}
}
return event;
}
// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
@autoreleasepool {
KeyChanger* keyChanger = [KeyChanger new];
[keyChanger tapEvents];
[keyChanger listen];//blocking call.
}
return 0;
}
我只想指出，如果您还没有，您应该查看 MASShortcut 以了解它如何与 F7-F12 键挂钩。也就是说，我不相信它可以识别 Power + Eject 键。
这已经进行到一半了。它打印出每个键的扫描码。它真的可以在 ObjC/ARC 中重写以整理 retain/release 线轴。
有人想试试吗？
我已经从 Using IOHIDManager to Get Modifier Key Events
中提取了代码
// compile and run from the commandline with:
// clang -framework coreFoundation -framework IOKit ./HID.c -o hid
// sudo ./hid
// This code works with the IOHID library to get notified of keys.
// Still haven't figured out how to truly intercept with
// substitution.
#include <IOKit/hid/IOHIDValue.h>
#include <IOKit/hid/IOHIDManager.h>
void myHIDKeyboardCallback( void* context, IOReturn result, void* sender, IOHIDValueRef value )
{
IOHIDElementRef elem = IOHIDValueGetElement( value );
if (IOHIDElementGetUsagePage(elem) != 0x07)
return;
uint32_t scancode = IOHIDElementGetUsage( elem );
if (scancode < 4 || scancode > 231)
return;
long pressed = IOHIDValueGetIntegerValue( value );
printf( "scancode: %d, pressed: %ld\n", scancode, pressed );
}
CFMutableDictionaryRef myCreateDeviceMatchingDictionary( UInt32 usagePage, UInt32 usage )
{
CFMutableDictionaryRef dict = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(
kCFAllocatorDefault, 0
, & kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks
, & kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks );
if ( ! dict )
return NULL;
CFNumberRef pageNumberRef = CFNumberCreate( kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberIntType, & usagePage );
if ( ! pageNumberRef ) {
CFRelease( dict );
return NULL;
}
CFDictionarySetValue( dict, CFSTR(kIOHIDDeviceUsagePageKey), pageNumberRef );
CFRelease( pageNumberRef );
CFNumberRef usageNumberRef = CFNumberCreate( kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberIntType, & usage );
if ( ! usageNumberRef ) {
CFRelease( dict );
return NULL;
}
CFDictionarySetValue( dict, CFSTR(kIOHIDDeviceUsageKey), usageNumberRef );
CFRelease( usageNumberRef );
return dict;
}
int main(void)
{
IOHIDManagerRef hidManager = IOHIDManagerCreate( kCFAllocatorDefault, kIOHIDOptionsTypeNone );
CFArrayRef matches;
{
CFMutableDictionaryRef keyboard = myCreateDeviceMatchingDictionary( 0x01, 6 );
CFMutableDictionaryRef keypad = myCreateDeviceMatchingDictionary( 0x01, 7 );
CFMutableDictionaryRef matchesList[] = { keyboard, keypad };
matches = CFArrayCreate( kCFAllocatorDefault, (const void **)matchesList, 2, NULL );
}
IOHIDManagerSetDeviceMatchingMultiple( hidManager, matches );
IOHIDManagerRegisterInputValueCallback( hidManager, myHIDKeyboardCallback, NULL );
IOHIDManagerScheduleWithRunLoop( hidManager, CFRunLoopGetMain(), kCFRunLoopDefaultMode );
IOHIDManagerOpen( hidManager, kIOHIDOptionsTypeNone );
CFRunLoopRun(); // spins
}
这个问题来自How to hook/remap an arbitrary keyboard event on OSX?
到目前为止，我可以使用修改键和大多数其他键：
_eventTap = CGEventTapCreate( kCGHIDEventTap,
kCGHeadInsertEventTap,
kCGEventTapOptionDefault,
CGEventMaskBit( kCGEventKeyDown )
| CGEventMaskBit( kCGEventFlagsChanged )
,
(CGEventTapCallBack)_tapCallback,
(__bridge void *)(self));
值得注意的是，F3 在 采取行动之前 正确报告了键码 (160)。即我可以通过让我的事件处理程序 return NULL（因此无法传播事件）来禁用该操作。
但是，F7 到 F12 和 Eject/Power 不会触发回调。
如果我添加：
| CGEventMaskBit( NSSystemDefined )
...现在剩余的 Fx 键会触发回调（尽管 Power/Eject 仍然不会），但我无法访问事件的 keyCode 方法。
产生错误：
2015-05-21 12:30:02.044 tap_k[16532:698660] NSSystemDefined: 0 2015-05-21 12:30:02.044 tap_k[16532:698660] * Assertion failure in -[NSEvent keyCode], /SourceCache/AppKit/AppKit-1347.57/AppKit.subproj/NSEvent.m:2471 2015-05-21 12:30:02.045 tap_k[16532:698660] * Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInternalInconsistencyException', reason: 'Invalid message sent to event "NSEvent: type=SysDefined loc=(882,687) time=118943.3 flags=0 win=0x0 winNum=0 ctxt=0x0 subtype=8 data1=2560 data2=-1"'
所以要么：
(1) 我需要一些其他方法从 NSEvent 中提取一些唯一标识符，或者
(2) 我需要tap/hook 低一级
使用 (1)，我注意到 NSEvent 有一个 data1 属性。记录这是十六进制给出：
2015-05-21 12:40:05.428 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 140b00
2015-05-21 12:40:06.914 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 100a00
2015-05-21 12:40:06.992 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 100b00
2015-05-21 12:40:07.600 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 130a00
2015-05-21 12:40:07.690 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 130b00
2015-05-21 12:40:08.219 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 70a00
2015-05-21 12:40:08.277 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 70b00
2015-05-21 12:40:09.062 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 10a00
2015-05-21 12:40:09.186 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: 10b00
2015-05-21 12:40:09.637 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: a00
2015-05-21 12:40:09.726 tap_k[16576:704298] NSSystemDefined: b00
.. 当我keydown/keyup F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12.
（另外，最后一个值更改为 1 表示重复）。
所以我想我可以只使用这些值的事件，然后传递其他 NSSystemDefined 事件。
而且还是没有解决抓Eject/Power的问题。
但是有cleaner/better方法吗？
如果有人有兴趣玩，这里是完整的代码：
// compile and run from the commandline with:
// clang -fobjc-arc -framework Cocoa ./foo.m -o foo
// sudo ./foo
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <AppKit/NSEvent.h>
typedef CFMachPortRef EventTap;
// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
@interface KeyChanger : NSObject
{
@private
EventTap _eventTap;
CFRunLoopSourceRef _runLoopSource;
CGEventRef _lastEvent;
}
@end
// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CGEventRef _tapCallback(
CGEventTapProxy proxy,
CGEventType type,
CGEventRef event,
KeyChanger* listener
);
// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
@implementation KeyChanger
- (BOOL)tapEvents
{
if (!_eventTap) {
NSLog(@"Initializing an event tap.");
// kCGHeadInsertEventTap -- new event tap should be inserted before any pre-existing event taps at the same location,
_eventTap = CGEventTapCreate( kCGHIDEventTap, // kCGSessionEventTap,
kCGHeadInsertEventTap,
kCGEventTapOptionDefault,
CGEventMaskBit( kCGEventKeyDown )
| CGEventMaskBit( kCGEventFlagsChanged )
| CGEventMaskBit( NSSystemDefined )
,
(CGEventTapCallBack)_tapCallback,
(__bridge void *)(self));
if (!_eventTap) {
NSLog(@"unable to create event tap. must run as root or "
"add privlidges for assistive devices to this app.");
return NO;
}
}
CGEventTapEnable(_eventTap, TRUE);
return [self isTapActive];
}
- (BOOL)isTapActive
{
return CGEventTapIsEnabled(_eventTap);
}
- (void)listen
{
if( ! _runLoopSource ) {
if( _eventTap ) { //dont use [self tapActive]
_runLoopSource = CFMachPortCreateRunLoopSource( kCFAllocatorDefault,
_eventTap, 0);
// Add to the current run loop.
CFRunLoopAddSource( CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), _runLoopSource,
kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
NSLog(@"Registering event tap as run loop source.");
CFRunLoopRun();
}else{
NSLog(@"No Event tap in place! You will need to call "
"listen after tapEvents to get events.");
}
}
}
- (CGEventRef)processEvent:(CGEventRef)cgEvent
{
NSEvent* event = [NSEvent eventWithCGEvent:cgEvent];
NSUInteger modifiers = [event modifierFlags] &
(NSCommandKeyMask | NSAlternateKeyMask | NSShiftKeyMask | NSControlKeyMask);
enum {
kVK_ANSI_3 = 0x14,
};
switch( event.type ) {
case NSFlagsChanged:
NSLog(@"NSFlagsChanged: %d", event.keyCode);
break;
case NSSystemDefined:
NSLog(@"NSSystemDefined: %x", event.data1);
return NULL;
case kCGEventKeyDown:
NSLog(@"KeyDown: %d", event.keyCode);
break;
default:
NSLog(@"WTF");
}
// TODO: add other cases and do proper handling of case
if (
//[event.characters caseInsensitiveCompare:@"3"] == NSOrderedSame
event.keyCode == kVK_ANSI_3
&& modifiers == NSShiftKeyMask
)
{
NSLog(@"Got SHIFT+3");
event = [NSEvent keyEventWithType: event.type
location: NSZeroPoint
modifierFlags: event.modifierFlags & ! NSShiftKeyMask
timestamp: event.timestamp
windowNumber: event.windowNumber
context: event.context
characters: @"#"
charactersIgnoringModifiers: @"#"
isARepeat: event.isARepeat
keyCode: event.keyCode];
}
_lastEvent = [event CGEvent];
CFRetain(_lastEvent); // must retain the event. will be released by the system
return _lastEvent;
}
- (void)dealloc
{
if( _runLoopSource ) {
CFRunLoopRemoveSource( CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), _runLoopSource, kCFRunLoopCommonModes );
CFRelease( _runLoopSource );
}
if( _eventTap ) {
//kill the event tap
CGEventTapEnable( _eventTap, FALSE );
CFRelease( _eventTap );
}
}
@end
// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CGEventRef _tapCallback(
CGEventTapProxy proxy,
CGEventType type,
CGEventRef event,
KeyChanger* listener
)
{
//Do not make the NSEvent here.
//NSEvent will throw an exception if we try to make an event from the tap timout type
@autoreleasepool {
if( type == kCGEventTapDisabledByTimeout ) {
NSLog(@"event tap has timed out, re-enabling tap");
[listener tapEvents];
return nil;
}
if( type != kCGEventTapDisabledByUserInput ) {
return [listener processEvent:event];
}
}
return event;
}
// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
@autoreleasepool {
KeyChanger* keyChanger = [KeyChanger new];
[keyChanger tapEvents];
[keyChanger listen];//blocking call.
}
return 0;
}
我只想指出，如果您还没有，您应该查看 MASShortcut 以了解它如何与 F7-F12 键挂钩。也就是说，我不相信它可以识别 Power + Eject 键。
这已经进行到一半了。它打印出每个键的扫描码。它真的可以在 ObjC/ARC 中重写以整理 retain/release 线轴。
有人想试试吗？
我已经从 Using IOHIDManager to Get Modifier Key Events
中提取了代码// compile and run from the commandline with:
// clang -framework coreFoundation -framework IOKit ./HID.c -o hid
// sudo ./hid
// This code works with the IOHID library to get notified of keys.
// Still haven't figured out how to truly intercept with
// substitution.
#include <IOKit/hid/IOHIDValue.h>
#include <IOKit/hid/IOHIDManager.h>
void myHIDKeyboardCallback( void* context, IOReturn result, void* sender, IOHIDValueRef value )
{
IOHIDElementRef elem = IOHIDValueGetElement( value );
if (IOHIDElementGetUsagePage(elem) != 0x07)
return;
uint32_t scancode = IOHIDElementGetUsage( elem );
if (scancode < 4 || scancode > 231)
return;
long pressed = IOHIDValueGetIntegerValue( value );
printf( "scancode: %d, pressed: %ld\n", scancode, pressed );
}
CFMutableDictionaryRef myCreateDeviceMatchingDictionary( UInt32 usagePage, UInt32 usage )
{
CFMutableDictionaryRef dict = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(
kCFAllocatorDefault, 0
, & kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks
, & kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks );
if ( ! dict )
return NULL;
CFNumberRef pageNumberRef = CFNumberCreate( kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberIntType, & usagePage );
if ( ! pageNumberRef ) {
CFRelease( dict );
return NULL;
}
CFDictionarySetValue( dict, CFSTR(kIOHIDDeviceUsagePageKey), pageNumberRef );
CFRelease( pageNumberRef );
CFNumberRef usageNumberRef = CFNumberCreate( kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberIntType, & usage );
if ( ! usageNumberRef ) {
CFRelease( dict );
return NULL;
}
CFDictionarySetValue( dict, CFSTR(kIOHIDDeviceUsageKey), usageNumberRef );
CFRelease( usageNumberRef );
return dict;
}
int main(void)
{
IOHIDManagerRef hidManager = IOHIDManagerCreate( kCFAllocatorDefault, kIOHIDOptionsTypeNone );
CFArrayRef matches;
{
CFMutableDictionaryRef keyboard = myCreateDeviceMatchingDictionary( 0x01, 6 );
CFMutableDictionaryRef keypad = myCreateDeviceMatchingDictionary( 0x01, 7 );
CFMutableDictionaryRef matchesList[] = { keyboard, keypad };
matches = CFArrayCreate( kCFAllocatorDefault, (const void **)matchesList, 2, NULL );
}
IOHIDManagerSetDeviceMatchingMultiple( hidManager, matches );
IOHIDManagerRegisterInputValueCallback( hidManager, myHIDKeyboardCallback, NULL );
IOHIDManagerScheduleWithRunLoop( hidManager, CFRunLoopGetMain(), kCFRunLoopDefaultMode );
IOHIDManagerOpen( hidManager, kIOHIDOptionsTypeNone );
CFRunLoopRun(); // spins
}