g++ 发出难以理解的警告

Question

system.h:

#include <iostream>

namespace ss
{
  class system
  {
  private:
    // ...
  public:
    // ...
    friend std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& out, const system& sys);

   };
}

system.cpp:

#include "system.h"

std::ostream& ss::operator<< (std::ostream& out, const ss::system& sys)
  {
    // print a representation of the ss::system
    // ...
    return out;
  }

使用 g++ 8.30 编译以上代码会产生以下输出：

[db@dbPC test]$ LANG=en g++ -Wall -Wextra system.cpp
system.cpp:2:15: warning: 'std::ostream& ss::operator<<(std::ostream&, const ss::system&)' has not been declared within 'ss'
 std::ostream& ss::operator<< (std::ostream& out, const ss::system& sys)
               ^~
In file included from system.cpp:1:
system.h:11:26: note: only here as a 'friend'
     friend std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& out, const system& sys);
                          ^~~~~~~~
system.cpp: In function 'std::ostream& ss::operator<<(std::ostream&, const ss::system&)':
system.cpp:2:68: warning: unused parameter 'sys' [-Wunused-parameter]
 std::ostream& ss::operator<< (std::ostream& out, const ss::system& sys)
                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~

编译器告诉我，operator<< 函数没有在命名空间 ss 中声明。然而，它是在该名称空间内声明的。

我也试过用clang++编译这个。 clang 只抱怨未使用的参数， 但不抱怨 我不明白的 'not within namespace' 问题。

g++ 警告的原因是什么？这是误报吗？

版本：

g++ (GCC) 8.3.0
clang version: 8.00 (tags/RELEASE_800/final)

Answer 1

您只是错过了在 namespace 中声明 operator <<。

尝试以下操作：

namespace ss
{
  std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, const system& sys);
  class system
  {
  private:
    // ...
  public:
    // ...
    friend std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& out, const system& sys);

   };
}

// in cpp

namespace ss
{
  std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, const system& sys)
  {
    // the body
  }
}

g++ 发出难以理解的警告

g++ issues incomprehensible warning

c++

gcc

operator-overloading

friend

language-lawyer