如何使用 State Monad

How to use the State Monad

我已经问过一个关于理解状态 monad 的问题,但现在我觉得这个应该是不同的。

鉴于我实现了状态 monad,我希望我的 state 成为类似于 Environment:

的数据结构

环境

data Env=Env{
    envName::String,
    fileNames::[String]
}
instance Show Env where 
    show Env{envName=x,fileNames=xs} = "{ envName:"++x++
               " , files: ["++foldr (\t y-> t++","++y) "" xs ++"] }"

initEnv::IO Env
initEnv=do
    name<- getLine
    names<- getCurrentDirectory>>=listDirectory
    return Env{envName=name,fileNames=names}

我不知道如何将此数据结构作为 State 集成到 State monad 中,以便能够更改环境的 name、打印它或使用它。它可能看起来太宽泛,但没有完整的例子我无法理解它:

状态 monad 实现

newtype State s a = State {run::s->(a,s)} 

instance Functor (State s) where
    fmap=Control.Monad.liftM
instance Applicative (State s) where
    pure=return
    (<*>)=Control.Monad.ap
instance Monad (State s) where
    return a= State $ \k->(a,k) 
    (>>=) m f=State $ \s -> let (a,s')=run m s in
        run (f a) s'

我想实现什么

readEnv::State a Env->Env
readEnv m =

changeEnvName::State a Env->State a Env
changeEnvName m =  --given the environment packed in a state , 
                   -- i want to change the name 

getEnvFileLengths::State a Env->[Int]
getEnvFileLengths s a= s>>= getLengths

getLengths::[String]->[Int]
getLengths xs=map length xs

P.S 我知道我应该使用 ReaderWriter monad 但我想要一个 all in one 方法能够理解所有事物是如何组合在一起的。

有什么想法吗?

如果类型签名正确,可能会更容易取得进展:

readEnv::State Env Env
changeEnvName::String -> State Env ()
getEnvFileLengths::State Env [Int]

如果您觉得这些类型的选择很奇怪,可能值得尝试扩展 newtype 并查看之后它们是否显得更合理:

-- give me an initial environment from your store, I'll give you the new environment
-- to store and another copy of the environment as the result of the computation
readEnv :: Env -> (Env, Env)

-- give me a new name and the old environment, I'll give you a new environment and
-- a trivial acknowledgement that I'm done
changeEnvName :: String -> Env -> ((), Env)

-- give me an initial environment that you're storing, I'll give you the new
-- environment to store (actually same as the old one) and the result of the
-- length computations
getEnvFileLengths :: Env -> ([Int], Env)