如何使用 awk 的 match() 函数中的变量定义范围 'r(n,)'

Question

我正在处理每个文件有数千条记录的文本文件。每条记录由两行组成：以“>”开头的header，后面是一长串字符“-AGTCNR”。这是一个简单文件的样子：

>ACML500-12|Lep|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Buru|site-NA|lat_-2
----TAAGATTTTGACTTCTTCCCCCATCATCAAGAAGAATTGT-------
>ACRJP458-10|Lep|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Buru|site-NA|lat_N
-----------TCCCTTTAATACTAGGAGCCCCTGACATAGCCTTTCCTAAATAAT-----
>ASILO303-17|Dip|gs-Par|sp-Par vid|subsp-NA|co
-----TAAGATTCTGATTACTCCCCCCCTCTCTAACTCTTCTTCTTCTATAGTAGATG
>ASILO326-17|Dip|gs-Goe|sp-Goe par|subsp-NA|c
TAAGATTTTGATTATTACCCCCTTCATTAACCAGGAACAGGATGA------
>CLT100-09|Lep|gs-Col|sp-Col elg|subsp-NA|co-Buru
AACATTATATTTGGAATTT-------GATCAGGAATAGTCGGAACTTCTCTGAA------
>PMANL2431-12|Lep|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Buru|site-NA|lat_
----ATGCCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAAACCTTTAATATT----CCGAAT
>STBOD057-09|Lep|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Buru|site-NA|lat_N
ATCTAATATTGCACATAGAGGAACCTCNGTATTTTTTCTCTCCATCT------TTAG
>TBBUT582-11|Lep|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Buru|site-NA|lat_N
-----CCCCCTCATTAACATTACTAAGTTGAAAATGGAGCAGGAACAGGATGA
>TBBUT583-11|Lep|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Buru|site-NA|lat_N
TAAGATTTTGACTCATTAA----------------AATGGAGCAGGAACAGGATGA
>AFBTB001-09|Col|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Ethi|site-NA|lat_N
TAAGCTCCATCC-------------TAGAAAGAGGGG---------GGGTGA
>PMANL2431-12|Lep|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Buru|site-NA|lat_
----ATGCCTATTAGGAAATTGATTAGTACCTTTAATATT----CCGAAT---
>AFBTB003-09|Col|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Ethi|site-NA|lat_N
TAAGATTTTGACTTCTGC------CATGAGAAAGA-------------AGGGTGA
>AFBTB002-09|Cole|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Ethi|site-NA|lat_N
-------TCTTCTGCTCAT-------GGGGCAGGAACAGGG----------TGA
>ACRJP458-10|Lep|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Buru|site-NA|lat_N
-----------TCCCTTTAATACTAGGAGCCCCTTTCCT----TAAATAAT-----

现在我试图搜索每条记录的第二个字段（行），并且只提取开头具有最大数量“-”字符（称为间隙）的记录$start_gaps 和结束，$end_gaps，行（字段 $2）。

我尝试了一些代码，下面的代码运行良好：

read -p "Please enter the muximum number of gaps allowed at start position: " start_gaps &&
read -p "Please enter the maximum number of gaps allowed at the end position: " end_gaps &&
awk -v start_g=$start_gaps -v end_g=$end_gaps 'BEGIN{
RS="\n>"; FS="\n"; ORS="\n"; OFS="\n"; }; (x=start_g+1)(y=end_g+1) { 
if ( match(, "^-{5,}") && match(, "-{6,}$") ) {
next} else {print x y ">"[=12=]}}' infile > outfile

但是每次进行正则表达式模式匹配时，我都需要继续使用可变数字而不显式编辑脚本。所以我尝试了以下但正则表达式不接受变量。最好的解决方法是什么？

read -p "Please enter the muximum number of gaps allowed at start position: " start_gaps &&
read -p "Please enter the maximum number of gaps allowed at the end position: " end_gaps &&
awk -v start_g=$start_gaps -v end_g=$end_gaps 'BEGIN{
RS="\n>"; FS="\n"; ORS="\n"; OFS="\n"; }; (x=start_g+1)(y=end_g+1) {
if ( match(, "^-{x,}") && match(, "-{y,}$") ) {
next} else {print x y ">"[=13=]}}' infile > outfile

预期结果：

>ASILO303-17|Dip|gs-Par|sp-Par vid|subsp-NA|co  
-----TAAGATTCTGATTACTCCCCCCCTCTCTAACTCTTCTTCTTCTATAGTAGATG
>ASILO326-17|Dip|gs-Goe|sp-Goe par|subsp-NA|c
TAAGATTTTGATTATTACCCCCTTCATTAACCAGGAACAGGATGA------
>CLT100-09|Lep|gs-Col|sp-Col elg|subsp-NA|co-Buru
AACATTATATTTGGAATTT-------GATCAGGAATAGTCGGAACTTCTCTGAA------
>PMANL2431-12|Lep|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Buru|site-NA|lat_
----ATGCCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAAACCTTTAATATT----CCGAAT
>STBOD057-09|Lep|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Buru|site-NA|lat_N
ATCTAATATTGCACATAGAGGAACCTCNGTATTTTTTCTCTCCATCT------TTAG
>TBBUT582-11|Lep|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Buru|site-NA|lat_N
-----CCCCCTCATTAACATTACTAAGTTGAAAATGGAGCAGGAACAGGATGA
>TBBUT583-11|Lep|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Buru|site-NA|lat_N
TAAGATTTTGACTCATTAA----------------AATGGAGCAGGAACAGGATGA
>AFBTB001-09|Col|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Ethi|site-NA|lat_N
TAAGCTCCATCC-------------TAGAAAGAGGGG---------GGGTGA
>PMANL2431-12|Lep|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Buru|site-NA|lat_
----ATGCCTATTAGGAAATTGATTAGTACCTTTAATATT----CCGAAT---
>AFBTB003-09|Col|gs-NA|sp-NA|subsp-NA|co-Ethi|site-NA|lat_N
TAAGATTTTGACTTCTGC------CATGAGAAAGA-------------AGGGTGA

Answer 1

match 设置变量 RLENGTH 为匹配子串的长度，使用它。此外，您不需要 multi-char RS。

awk -v start_g="$start_gaps" -v end_g="$end_gaps" '
/^>/ { hdr=[=10=]; next }
match([=10=],/^-*/) && RLENGTH<=start_g && match([=10=],/-*$/) && RLENGTH<=end_g { print hdr; print }
' file

如何使用 awk 的 match() 函数中的变量定义范围 'r(n,)'

How to define the range 'r(n,)' using a variable in match() function with awk

bash

awk

fasta