gcc: fatal error: limits.h: No such file or directory on macos
gcc: fatal error: limits.h: No such file or directory on macos
我正在尝试在 macos 10.14.5、Python 3.7 和 gcc 4.7 上安装 python-Levenshtein (https://pypi.org/project/python-Levenshtein/) .这失败了：
/opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/limits.h:169:61: fatal error: limits.h: No such file or directory
完整日志为：
pip3 install python-levenshtein
Collecting python-levenshtein
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/42/a9/d1785c85ebf9b7dfacd08938dd028209c34a0ea3b1bcdb895208bd40a67d/python-Levenshtein-0.12.0.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from python-levenshtein) (39.0.1)
Installing collected packages: python-levenshtein
Running setup.py install for python-levenshtein ... error
ERROR: Complete output from command /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-install-lougvxw2/python-levenshtein/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-record-4208lwgo/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
ERROR: running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein/StringMatcher.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
running egg_info
writing python_Levenshtein.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing entry points to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/entry_points.txt
writing namespace_packages to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/namespace_packages.txt
writing requirements to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/requires.txt
writing top-level names to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*pyc' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*so' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.project' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.pydevproject' found anywhere in distribution
writing manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
copying Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein/_levenshtein.h -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
running build_ext
building 'Levenshtein._levenshtein' extension
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m -c Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein/_levenshtein.o
In file included from /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/syslimits.h:7:0,
from /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/limits.h:34,
from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m/Python.h:11,
from Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c:99:
/opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/limits.h:169:61: fatal error: limits.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-install-lougvxw2/python-levenshtein/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-record-4208lwgo/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-install-lougvxw2/python-levenshtein/
felix@fxa-2:~$
有趣的是，文件 确实存在于我的 mac 上，即：
felix@fxa-2:~$ ls /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed
README limits.h math.h stdint.h syslimits.h
在我的机器上（不是 Mac，但结果应该翻译），…include-fixed/limits.h 包含以下内容
#ifdef _GCC_NEXT_LIMITS_H
#include_next <limits.h> /* recurse down to the real one */
#endif
而 "real one" 在我的例子中似乎是 /usr/include/limits.h：
$ <<< '#include <limits.h>' gcc -E -xc - |grep limits
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 1 3 4
# 34 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/syslimits.h" 1 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 1 3 4
# 194 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/limits.h" 1 3 4
# 26 "/usr/include/limits.h" 3 4
# 27 "/usr/include/limits.h" 2 3 4
# 183 "/usr/include/limits.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/linux/limits.h" 1 3 4
# 184 "/usr/include/limits.h" 2 3 4
# 188 "/usr/include/limits.h" 2 3 4
# 195 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 2 3 4
# 8 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/syslimits.h" 2 3 4
# 35 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 2 3 4
我的包裹经理说
/usr/include/limits.h is owned by glibc 2.29-1.
而且您肯定有 Mac 的 libc（不知道它叫什么）代替 Glibc。也许问题是你系统上的 libc 比你的 gcc 配置的要新得多（gcc 4.7 现在已经很老了）因此它期望 header 被移动到另一个位置较新的版本。
这是我的猜测。检查您的系统以找出答案。此外，如果可以的话，您可以尝试更新的 gcc 版本。
此处问题的原因是通过 macports 安装的 gcc (4.7) 和 xcode 附带的另一个 gcc (4.7)。用的是第一个。通过卸载 macports 附带的较旧的 gcc，xcode 的 gcc 再次被使用，然后 python-Levenshtein 可以安装（并且它的 C-code 被编译）。
对于我的情况，默认gcc在/usr/local/bin/gcc，它是一个软link到/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.9。
我用 brew install gcc 重新安装了 gcc，并将 link /usr/local/bin/gcc 重新安装到新的 gcc，在我的例子中是 /usr/local/bin/gcc-10。
g++也做了同样的事情，然后问题就解决了。
我正在尝试在 macos 10.14.5、Python 3.7 和 gcc 4.7 上安装 python-Levenshtein (https://pypi.org/project/python-Levenshtein/) .这失败了：
/opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/limits.h:169:61: fatal error: limits.h: No such file or directory
完整日志为：
pip3 install python-levenshtein
Collecting python-levenshtein
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/42/a9/d1785c85ebf9b7dfacd08938dd028209c34a0ea3b1bcdb895208bd40a67d/python-Levenshtein-0.12.0.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from python-levenshtein) (39.0.1)
Installing collected packages: python-levenshtein
Running setup.py install for python-levenshtein ... error
ERROR: Complete output from command /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-install-lougvxw2/python-levenshtein/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-record-4208lwgo/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
ERROR: running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein/StringMatcher.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
running egg_info
writing python_Levenshtein.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing entry points to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/entry_points.txt
writing namespace_packages to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/namespace_packages.txt
writing requirements to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/requires.txt
writing top-level names to python_Levenshtein.egg-info/top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*pyc' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*so' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.project' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.pydevproject' found anywhere in distribution
writing manifest file 'python_Levenshtein.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
copying Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
copying Levenshtein/_levenshtein.h -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
running build_ext
building 'Levenshtein._levenshtein' extension
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m -c Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/Levenshtein/_levenshtein.o
In file included from /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/syslimits.h:7:0,
from /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/limits.h:34,
from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m/Python.h:11,
from Levenshtein/_levenshtein.c:99:
/opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed/limits.h:169:61: fatal error: limits.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-install-lougvxw2/python-levenshtein/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-record-4208lwgo/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/qg/vmj6zq4s7hb2pbkp3b8kstvh0000gn/T/pip-install-lougvxw2/python-levenshtein/
felix@fxa-2:~$
有趣的是，文件 确实存在于我的 mac 上，即：
felix@fxa-2:~$ ls /opt/local/lib/gcc47/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin16/4.7.4/include-fixed
README limits.h math.h stdint.h syslimits.h
在我的机器上（不是 Mac，但结果应该翻译），…include-fixed/limits.h 包含以下内容
#ifdef _GCC_NEXT_LIMITS_H
#include_next <limits.h> /* recurse down to the real one */
#endif
而 "real one" 在我的例子中似乎是 /usr/include/limits.h：
$ <<< '#include <limits.h>' gcc -E -xc - |grep limits
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 1 3 4
# 34 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/syslimits.h" 1 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 1 3 4
# 194 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/limits.h" 1 3 4
# 26 "/usr/include/limits.h" 3 4
# 27 "/usr/include/limits.h" 2 3 4
# 183 "/usr/include/limits.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/linux/limits.h" 1 3 4
# 184 "/usr/include/limits.h" 2 3 4
# 188 "/usr/include/limits.h" 2 3 4
# 195 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 2 3 4
# 8 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/syslimits.h" 2 3 4
# 35 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/include-fixed/limits.h" 2 3 4
我的包裹经理说
/usr/include/limits.h is owned by glibc 2.29-1.
而且您肯定有 Mac 的 libc（不知道它叫什么）代替 Glibc。也许问题是你系统上的 libc 比你的 gcc 配置的要新得多（gcc 4.7 现在已经很老了）因此它期望 header 被移动到另一个位置较新的版本。
这是我的猜测。检查您的系统以找出答案。此外，如果可以的话，您可以尝试更新的 gcc 版本。
此处问题的原因是通过 macports 安装的 gcc (4.7) 和 xcode 附带的另一个 gcc (4.7)。用的是第一个。通过卸载 macports 附带的较旧的 gcc，xcode 的 gcc 再次被使用，然后 python-Levenshtein 可以安装（并且它的 C-code 被编译）。
对于我的情况，默认gcc在/usr/local/bin/gcc，它是一个软link到/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.9。
我用 brew install gcc 重新安装了 gcc，并将 link /usr/local/bin/gcc 重新安装到新的 gcc，在我的例子中是 /usr/local/bin/gcc-10。
g++也做了同样的事情，然后问题就解决了。