unity3d (2d!) - 相机以玩家为中心，但永远不会超过 "map" 边界

Question

我正在创建一个最多有 4 个正交摄像机（最多 4 个玩家）的游戏，它们占据不同数量的屏幕，具体取决于玩家数量。

我有一个脚本可以控制所有摄像机，设置它们相对于正在观看的玩家的位置。

我想要实现的是一种简单的 overhead-runner 移动方式，即摄像机将跟随玩家，但不会超出地图范围。

当摄像机为 'square'（如在 4 人布局中）时，我已经设法让边界在 top-left 摄像机中工作。然而，其他摄像机根本无法正确跟踪，在矩形 2 人模式下，顶部摄像机仍然走得太远 left-and 对。我很确定我确切地知道是哪一行代码导致了这个问题...但是我不知道我需要做什么来修复它...

SpriteRenderer spriteBounds = GameObject.Find("Map").GetComponentInChildren<SpriteRenderer>();
float leftBound =0;
float rightBound =0;
float bottomBound =0;
float topBound = 0;

if((trackPlayer1 == null))
{
    camPlayer1.transform.position = this.transform.position;
}
else
{
    float vertExtent = camPlayer1.orthographicSize;
    float horzExtent = vertExtent * Screen.width / Screen.height; //I guess the problem is here... but how do I fix this??

    leftBound = (float)(horzExtent - spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.x / 2.0f);
    rightBound = (float)(spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.x / 2.0f - horzExtent);
    bottomBound = (float)(vertExtent - spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.y / 2.0f);
    topBound = (float)(spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.y / 2.0f - vertExtent);

    camPlayer1.transform.position = new Vector3(Mathf.Clamp(trackPlayer1.transform.position.x, leftBound, rightBound), Mathf.Clamp(trackPlayer1.transform.position.y, bottomBound, topBound), camPlayer1.transform.position.z);
}
if((trackPlayer2 == null))
{
    camPlayer2.transform.position = this.transform.position;
}
else
{
    float vertExtent = camPlayer2.orthographicSize ;
    float horzExtent = vertExtent * Screen.width / Screen.height; //I guess the problem is here... but how do I fix this??

    leftBound = (float)(horzExtent - spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.x / 2.0f);
    rightBound = (float)(spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.x / 2.0f - horzExtent);
    bottomBound = (float)(vertExtent - spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.y / 2.0f);
    topBound = (float)(spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.y / 2.0f - vertExtent);

    camPlayer2.transform.position = new Vector3(Mathf.Clamp(trackPlayer2.transform.position.x, leftBound, rightBound), Mathf.Clamp(trackPlayer2.transform.position.y, topBound, bottomBound), camPlayer2.transform.position.z);
}
if((trackPlayer3 == null))
{
    camPlayer3.transform.position = this.transform.position;
}
else
{
    float vertExtent = camPlayer3.orthographicSize;
    float horzExtent = vertExtent * Screen.width / Screen.height; //I guess the problem is here... but how do I fix this??

    leftBound = (float)(horzExtent - spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.x / 2.0f);
    rightBound = (float)(spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.x / 2.0f - horzExtent);
    bottomBound = (float)(vertExtent - spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.y / 2.0f);
    topBound = (float)(spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.y / 2.0f - vertExtent);

    camPlayer3.transform.position = new Vector3(Mathf.Clamp(trackPlayer3.transform.position.x, leftBound, rightBound), Mathf.Clamp(trackPlayer3.transform.position.y, topBound, bottomBound), camPlayer3.transform.position.z);         
}
if((trackPlayer4 == null))
{
    camPlayer4.transform.position = this.transform.position;
}
else
{
    float vertExtent = camPlayer4.orthographicSize;
    float horzExtent = vertExtent * Screen.width / Screen.height; //I guess the problem is here... but how do I fix this??

    leftBound = (float)(horzExtent - spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.x / 2.0f);
    rightBound = (float)(spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.x / 2.0f - horzExtent);
    bottomBound = (float)(vertExtent - spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.y / 2.0f);
    topBound = (float)(spriteBounds.sprite.bounds.size.y / 2.0f - vertExtent);

    camPlayer4.transform.position = new Vector3(Mathf.Clamp(trackPlayer4.transform.position.x, leftBound, rightBound), Mathf.Clamp(trackPlayer4.transform.position.y, topBound, bottomBound), camPlayer4.transform.position.z);
}

所以我很确定我需要检查相机尺寸和屏幕上的相对位置，但我不知道我需要做什么。

(编辑) 脚本解释：

脚本是附加到主相机对象的全局脚本，玩家永远看不到
四个播放器摄像头 (camPlayer1 - camPlayer4) 是 public 变量并分配给设计器中的脚本
trackPlayer1-trackPlayer4 是 public 个游戏对象，它们在设计器中分配 - 它们被分配给玩家对象
玩家跟踪适用于所有摄像头...例如，如果我更改 camPlayer2.transform.position = new Vector3(Mathf.Clamp(trackPlayer2.transform.position.x, leftBound, rightBound), Mathf.Clamp(trackPlayer2.transform.position.y, topBound, bottomBound), camPlayer2.transform.position.z); 到 camPlayer2.transform.position = trackPlayer2.transform.position;，代码达到预期效果，摄像机跟随玩家。我遇到的问题只是限制在地图的边界上
相机的正交尺寸设置为 2

启动时在屏幕上定位相机的代码：

    switch (playerCount)
    {
        case 1:
            camPlayer1.enabled = true;
            camPlayer2.enabled = false;
            camPlayer3.enabled = false;
            camPlayer4.enabled = false;

            camPlayer1.rect = new Rect(0, 0, 1, 1);
            camPlayer1.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            camPlayer2.rect = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
            camPlayer2.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            camPlayer3.rect = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
            camPlayer3.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            camPlayer4.rect = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
            camPlayer4.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            break;
        case 2:
            camPlayer1.enabled = true;
            camPlayer2.enabled = true;
            camPlayer3.enabled = false;
            camPlayer4.enabled = false;


            camPlayer1.rect = new Rect(0, 0.5f, 0.7f, 0.5f);
            camPlayer1.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            camPlayer2.rect = new Rect(0.3f, 0, 0.7f, 0.5f);
            camPlayer2.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            camPlayer3.rect = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
            camPlayer3.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            camPlayer4.rect = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
            camPlayer4.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;


            Destroy(play3);
            Destroy(play4);

            break;
        case 3:
            camPlayer1.enabled = true;
            camPlayer2.enabled = true;
            camPlayer3.enabled = true;
            camPlayer4.enabled = false;

            camPlayer1.rect = new Rect(0, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
            camPlayer1.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            camPlayer2.rect = new Rect(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
            camPlayer2.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            camPlayer3.rect = new Rect(0.25f, 0, 0.5f, 0.5f);
            camPlayer3.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            camPlayer4.rect = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
            camPlayer4.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            Destroy(play4);


            break;
        case 4:
            camPlayer1.enabled = true;
            camPlayer2.enabled = true;
            camPlayer3.enabled = true;
            camPlayer4.enabled = true;

            camPlayer1.rect = new Rect(0, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
            camPlayer1.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            camPlayer2.rect = new Rect(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
            camPlayer2.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            camPlayer3.rect = new Rect(0, 0, 0.5f, 0.5f);
            camPlayer3.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            camPlayer4.rect = new Rect(0.5f, 0, 0.5f, 0.5f);
            camPlayer4.orthographicSize = CamManager.CAMERA_SIZE;

            break;
    }
}

编辑，这样我就可以使用下面的代码让第一个摄像机不受形状影响（因此在 2 人模式下，使用矩形摄像机，玩家 1 摄像机将遵守地图的边界）。我猜想我需要根据其他凸轮的矩形对 leftBound、rightBound、topBound 和 bottomBound 应用一些偏移量。如何建立和计算这些我不知道

if((trackPlayer1 == null))
{
 camPlayer1.transform.position = this.transform.position;
}
else
{
 float vertExtent = camPlayer1.orthographicSize;
 float horzExtent = vertExtent * (Screen.width * (camPlayer1.rect.width * 2)) / Screen.height; //I guess the problem is here... but how do I fix this??

Answer 1

我想建议您使用另一种方法来解决您的问题。

是否可以在地图的边界处添加高碰撞器，并为相机添加碰撞器？然后你可以让相机跟随玩家（使用物理！），当玩家到达边界时，由于碰撞器，相机不会越过。

然后，您可以轻松地分割屏幕，知道您有多少玩家。一名球员？ --> 所有屏幕尺寸两名球员？ --> camera 1 ends ad screen height / 2, camera 2 starts at screen heigth /2 +1 等等

Answer 2

你的计算有几个问题。我想这只是运气，它适用于某些情况。虽然您的总体想法是正确的，但您正在使用错误的属性进行计算。基本上，您需要了解相机的纵横比、地图的边界框以及相机在边界处的行为方式。

我们需要相机的宽高比来计算它的宽度或范围。

如图所示，Screen.width 和 Screen.height 是指游戏的 window 或显示器分辨率，如果您是运行游戏全屏。您还可以看到，与游戏相比，相机的纵横比可能不同 window。好消息是Unity提供了一个属性来获取相机的长宽比

float camVertExtent = cam.orthograpicSize;
float camHorzExtent = cam.aspect * camVertExtent;

现在我们有了相机的范围，让我们看一下您的地图及其边界框。

您尝试使用 bounds.size 计算，但如您所见，bounds.size.x 是边界框的宽度。仅当您的地图 bottom-left 在世界 space 中从 (0,0) 开始时，使用该大小才有效。更好的方法是使用 bounds.min 和 bounds.max，它们已经 return 坐标在世界 space.

你的最终目标是相机应该在地图的范围内，即它的位置受到以下四个条件的限制：

(cam.transform.position.x - camHorzExtent) >= bounds.min.x // left
(cam.transform.position.x + camHorzExtent) <= bounds.max.x // right
(cam.transform.position.y - camVertExtent) >= bounds.min.y // bottom
(cam.transform.position.y + camVertExtent) <= bounds.max.y // top

现在你只需要获取玩家位置并将相机限制在这些条件下：

float leftBound   = bounds.min.x + camHorzExtent;
float rightBound  = bounds.max.x - camHorzExtent;
float bottomBound = bounds.min.y + camVertExtent;
float topBound    = bounds.max.y - camVertExtent;

float camX = Mathf.Clamp(player.transform.position.x, leftBound, rightBound);
float camY = Mathf.Clamp(player.transform.position.y, bottomBound, topBound);

cam.transform.position = new Vector3(camX, camY, cam.transform.position.z);

如果所有摄像机的尺寸和纵横比都相同，您可以对所有玩家摄像机使用相同的边界，并且只为每个玩家计算 camX 和 camY。

Answer 3

你应该使用这个简单但有用的东西unity 2d camera follow script
也可在 github 上使用。 https://gist.github.com/unity3diy/5aa0b098cb06b3ccbe47

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class FollowCamera : MonoBehaviour {

public float interpVelocity;
public float minDistance;
public float followDistance;
public GameObject target;
public Vector3 offset;
Vector3 targetPos;
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
    targetPos = transform.position;
}

// Update is called once per frame
void FixedUpdate () {
    if (target)
    {
        Vector3 posNoZ = transform.position;
        posNoZ.z = target.transform.position.z;

        Vector3 targetDirection = (target.transform.position - posNoZ);

        interpVelocity = targetDirection.magnitude * 5f;

        targetPos = transform.position + (targetDirection.normalized * interpVelocity * Time.deltaTime); 

        transform.position = Vector3.Lerp( transform.position, targetPos + offset, 0.25f);

    }
  }
 }

Answer 4

大家好，有些人需要完整的代码才能将许多儿童精灵转换为空游戏对象，例如：

Background
--mountains1(sprite)
--mountains2(sprite)
--mountains3(sprite)

这段代码将循环到背景对象中，并绑定所有儿童精灵 :D，感谢@Stefan Hoffmann 的解释，我制作了一个 Frankestein 代码哈哈。我希望这对其他人有帮助，抱歉我的英语不好:(

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class CameraFollow : MonoBehaviour
{

    private float rightBound;
    private float leftBound;
    private float topBound;
    private float bottomBound;
    private Vector3 pos;
    private Transform target;

    private Camera cam;
    private Bounds bounds;


    // Use this for initialization
    void Start()
    {
        target = GameObject.FindWithTag("Player").transform;


        foreach (SpriteRenderer spriteBounds in GameObject.Find("Background").GetComponentsInChildren<SpriteRenderer>())
        {
            bounds.Encapsulate(spriteBounds.bounds);
        }


        cam = this.gameObject.GetComponent<Camera>();
        float camVertExtent = cam.orthographicSize;
        float camHorzExtent = cam.aspect * camVertExtent;

        Debug.Log(camVertExtent);
        Debug.Log(camHorzExtent);
        Debug.Log(cam.aspect);
        Debug.Log(cam.orthographicSize);



        leftBound = bounds.min.x + camHorzExtent;
        rightBound = bounds.max.x - camHorzExtent;
        bottomBound = bounds.min.y + camVertExtent;
        topBound = bounds.max.y - camVertExtent;

        Debug.Log("leftBound=" + leftBound);
        Debug.Log("rightBound=" + rightBound);
        Debug.Log("bottomBound=" + bottomBound);
        Debug.Log("topBound=" + topBound);
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {


        float camX = Mathf.Clamp(target.transform.position.x, leftBound, rightBound);
        float camY = Mathf.Clamp(target.transform.position.y, bottomBound, topBound);

        cam.transform.position = new Vector3(camX, camY, cam.transform.position.z);
    }

}

unity3d (2d!) - 相机以玩家为中心，但永远不会超过 "map" 边界

unity3d (2d!) - Camera to centre on player, but never exceed "map" bounds

unity3d

camera

position

orthographic