autoprefixer 可以解决 Internet Explorer 的 CSS 变量问题吗？

Question

我在我的 angular7 应用程序中使用 css 变量。在其他浏览器上一切正常。但是 IE 不支持 css 变量。有没有办法让它在 IE 上工作。 Autoprefixer 可以做到这一点吗？

color: var(--primary, #7F583F);

Answer 1

根据caniuse.com，当前浏览器中只有IE、Edge（旧版本）和Opera Mini不支持CSS变量。这种 polyfil 似乎对所有三个都非常有效。

这是对非常基本的 CSS 变量（自定义属性）polyfil 的尝试。实际上，这更像是一个部分的 polyfill，因为它不会覆盖变量内部的变量、DOM 作用域或任何其他 "fancy"。只需在 CSS 和 re-parsing CSS for var() 语句中的任何地方声明变量，并在本身不支持 CSS 变量的浏览器中替换它们。

我尝试在 IE 11 中测试这个 polyfil，看起来它正在使用它。

/*!
 * css-var-polyfill.js - v1.0.0
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2018 Aaron Barker <http://aaronbarker.net>
 * Released under the MIT license
 *
 * Date: 2018-03-09
 */
let cssVarPoly = {
  init: function() {
    // first lets see if the browser supports CSS variables
    // No version of IE supports window.CSS.supports, so if that isn't supported in the first place we know CSS variables is not supported
    // Edge supports supports, so check for actual variable support
    if (window.CSS && window.CSS.supports && window.CSS.supports('(--foo: red)')) {
      // this browser does support variables, abort
      console.log('your browser supports CSS variables, aborting and letting the native support handle things.');
      return;
    } else {
      // edge barfs on console statements if the console is not open... lame!
      console.log('no support for you! polyfill all (some of) the things!!');
      document.querySelector('body').classList.add('cssvars-polyfilled');
    }

    cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars = {};
    cssVarPoly.varsByBlock = {};
    cssVarPoly.oldCSS = {};
    
    // start things off
    cssVarPoly.findCSS();
    cssVarPoly.updateCSS();
  },
  
  // find all the css blocks, save off the content, and look for variables
  findCSS: function() {
    let styleBlocks = document.querySelectorAll('style:not(.inserted),link[rel="stylesheet"]');

    // we need to track the order of the style/link elements when we save off the CSS, set a counter
    let counter = 1;

    // loop through all CSS blocks looking for CSS variables being set
    [].forEach.call(styleBlocks, function(block) {
      // console.log(block.nodeName);
      let theCSS;
      if (block.nodeName === 'STYLE') {
        // console.log("style");
        theCSS = block.innerHTML;
        cssVarPoly.findSetters(theCSS, counter);
      } else if (block.nodeName === 'LINK') {
        // console.log("link");
        cssVarPoly.getLink(block.getAttribute('href'), counter, function(counter, request) {
          cssVarPoly.findSetters(request.responseText, counter);
          cssVarPoly.oldCSS[counter] = request.responseText;
          cssVarPoly.updateCSS();
        });
        theCSS = '';
      }
      // save off the CSS to parse through again later. the value may be empty for links that are waiting for their ajax return, but this will maintain the order
      cssVarPoly.oldCSS[counter] = theCSS;
      counter++;
    });
  },

  // find all the "--variable: value" matches in a provided block of CSS and add them to the master list
  findSetters: function(theCSS, counter) {
    // console.log(theCSS);
    cssVarPoly.varsByBlock[counter] = theCSS.match(/(--.+:.+;)/g) || [];
  },

  // run through all the CSS blocks to update the variables and then inject on the page
  updateCSS: function() {
    // first lets loop through all the variables to make sure later vars trump earlier vars
    cssVarPoly.ratifySetters(cssVarPoly.varsByBlock);

    // loop through the css blocks (styles and links)
    for (let curCSSID in cssVarPoly.oldCSS) {
      // console.log("curCSS:",oldCSS[curCSSID]);
      let newCSS = cssVarPoly.replaceGetters(cssVarPoly.oldCSS[curCSSID], cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars);
      // put it back into the page
      // first check to see if this block exists already
      if (document.querySelector('#inserted' + curCSSID)) {
        // console.log("updating")
        document.querySelector('#inserted' + curCSSID).innerHTML = newCSS;
      } else {
        // console.log("adding");
        var style = document.createElement('style');
        style.type = 'text/css';
        style.innerHTML = newCSS;
        style.classList.add('inserted');
        style.id = 'inserted' + curCSSID;
        document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(style);
      }
    };
  },

  // parse a provided block of CSS looking for a provided list of variables and replace the --var-name with the correct value
  replaceGetters: function(curCSS, varList) {
    // console.log(varList);
    for (let theVar in varList) {
      // console.log(theVar);
      // match the variable with the actual variable name
      let getterRegex = new RegExp('var\(\s*' + theVar + '\s*\)', 'g');
      // console.log(getterRegex);
      // console.log(curCSS);
      curCSS = curCSS.replace(getterRegex, varList[theVar]);

      // now check for any getters that are left that have fallbacks
      let getterRegex2 = new RegExp('var\(\s*.+\s*,\s*(.+)\)', 'g');
      // console.log(getterRegex);
      // console.log(curCSS);
      let matches = curCSS.match(getterRegex2);
      if (matches) {
        // console.log("matches",matches);
        matches.forEach(function(match) {
          // console.log(match.match(/var\(.+,\s*(.+)\)/))
          // find the fallback within the getter
          curCSS = curCSS.replace(match, match.match(/var\(.+,\s*(.+)\)/)[1]);
        });

      }

      // curCSS = curCSS.replace(getterRegex2,varList[theVar]);
    };
    // console.log(curCSS);
    return curCSS;
  },

  // determine the css variable name value pair and track the latest
  ratifySetters: function(varList) {
    // console.log("varList:",varList);
    // loop through each block in order, to maintain order specificity
    for (let curBlock in varList) {
      let curVars = varList[curBlock];
      // console.log("curVars:",curVars);
      // loop through each var in the block
      curVars.forEach(function(theVar) {
        // console.log(theVar);
        // split on the name value pair separator
        let matches = theVar.split(/:\s*/);
        // console.log(matches);
        // put it in an object based on the varName. Each time we do this it will override a previous use and so will always have the last set be the winner
        // 0 = the name, 1 = the value, strip off the ; if it is there
        cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars[matches[0]] = matches[1].replace(/;/, '');
      });
    };
    // console.log(ratifiedVars);
  },

  // get the CSS file (same domain for now)
  getLink: function(url, counter, success) {
    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
    request.open('GET', url, true);
    request.overrideMimeType('text/css;');
    request.onload = function() {
      if (request.status >= 200 && request.status < 400) {
        // Success!
        // console.log(request.responseText);
        if (typeof success === 'function') {
          success(counter, request);
        }
      } else {
        // We reached our target server, but it returned an error
        console.warn('an error was returned from:', url);
      }
    };

    request.onerror = function() {
      // There was a connection error of some sort
      console.warn('we could not get anything from:', url);
    };

    request.send();
  }
};

cssVarPoly.init();

:root {
  --externalcolor: red;
  --samename: orange;
  --samename: #0f0;
  --foo: green;
  --FOO: #0f0;
  --halfsuccess: orange;
  --success: green;
  --success2: #0f0;
}
html {
  font-family: var(--fontsans);
}
.success {
  color: green;
}

.fail {
  color: red;
}

span {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 5px;
}

.samename {
  color: var(--samename);
}

.demo1 {
  color: #f00;
  color: var(--success);
}

.demo2 {
  color: #f00;
  color: var( --success2);
}

.demo3 {
  color: #f00;
  color: var(--halfsuccess);
  color: var(--success);
}

.demo4 {
  color: red;
  border-color: #f00;
}

.inlineoverlink {
  color: #f00;
}

p {
  padding: var(--spacing-l);
}

.lower {
  color: var(--foo);
}

.upper {
  color: var(--FOO);
}

.externalcolor {
  color: var(--externalcolor);
}

.fallback {
  color: #f00;
  color: var(--wrongname, green);
}

// for the top documentation
.supports {
  color: green;
  .no {
    display:none;
  }
}
.showforpolyfill {
  display:none;
}

.cssvars-polyfilled {
  .supports {
    color: red;
    .no {
      display:inline;
    }
  }
  .showforpolyfill {
    display:inline;
  }
  .hideforpolyfill {
    display:none;
  }
} 
.hide,
.hide-the-docs .documentation {
  display:none;
}
/* declare some font-family stuff at bottom of file to reflect on stuff above it*/

:root {
  --fontsans: arial;
}

<!-- Copy below for codepen update -->
    <h1>CSS Variables Polyfill</h1>
    <p>This is now managed (and available for PRs) at <a href="https://github.com/aaronbarker/css-variables-polyfill">https://github.com/aaronbarker/css-variables-polyfill</a>.</p>
    <p>
      This is an attempt at a very basic <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-variables/">CSS variables (custom properties)</a> polyfil. In reality this is more of a <em>partial</em> polyfill as it will not cover variables inside of variables, DOM scoping or anything else "fancy". Just taking variables declared anywhere in the CSS and
      then re-parsing the CSS for var() statements and replacing them in browsers that don't natively support CSS variables.
    </p>
    <p>According to <a href="http://caniuse.com/#feat=css-variables">caniuse.com</a>, of current browsers only IE, Edge and Opera Mini do not support CSS variables. This polyfil appears to work on all three really well. I don't see why this wouldn't work on older browsers as well, but I haven't been able to test it on them yet.</p>

    <p>As far as we can tell your browser <span class="supports">does <span class="no">not</span> support</span> native CSS variables. <span class="showforpolyfill">That means if you see green tests results below, it is thanks to the polyfill :).</span> <span class="hideforpolyfill">All the green test results below are actually native CSS Variable support.  Good job using a good browser :)</span></p>
    
    <h3>Does this work on externally CSS files?</h3>
    <p>Yes!</p>
    <h3>Even ones loaded from another domain?</h3>
    <p>To go across domain, CSS needs to be served up with <code>Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*</code> headers.</p>


  </div>
  <a href="#d" class="hide-docs">Toggle documentation</a> (for Opera Mini vs Codepen issue)
  <style>
    :root {
      --newcolor: #0f0;
    }
    
    .inlineoverlink {
      color: var(--success2);
    }
  </style>
  <h2>Tests</h2>
  <p>On mosts tests (unless otherwise noted) success will be green text. We start with a <code>color:red;</code> and then override it with a <code>color:var(--success);</code> (or similar) which is green.</p>
  <ul>
    <li><span class="samename">declare same variable over and over</span></li>
    <li><span class="demo1">no whitespace on var() calls</span></li>
    <li><span class="demo2">whitespace on var() calls</span></li>
    <li><span class="demo3">Multiple variables in same call. orange means first var worked, green var worked</span></li>
    <li><span class="inlineoverlink">orange if link won, green if style after link won</span></li>
    <li><span class="lower">--foo: lowercase foo</span></li>
    <li><span class="upper">--FOO: uppercase FOO</span></li>
    <li><span class="fallback">uses fallback <code>--var(--wrongname, green)</code></span></li>
    <li><span class="demo-import">css declared in an <code>@import</code></span> - not polyfilled yet. <a href="https://gist.github.com/stramel/91d05253f801f771da38b3bc7d3c765f#gistcomment-2258818">Identfied with a suggested fix</a>, but will require a bit of a re-write (to use document.styleSheets), so haven't done it yet.</li>
  </ul>
  

  <h2>Tests on external, cross-domain file</h2>
  <div class="documentation">
    <p><strong>Edge</strong> appears to be working well on Edge 13. Edge 12 was having some problems.</p>
    <p><strong>Opera mini</strong> seems to work well too. This demo fails because not all the page is displayed, but I think that is a codepen issue, not a polyfill issue.  When the upper documentation is removed, all tests display well.</p>
    <p><strong>IE 11</strong> seems to do fine.</p>
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="demo4">Gets stuff from external .css file. Should start red and change to green on LINK load. border proves the CSS loaded, missing colors means script didn't get parsed and reinserted</span></li>
    <li><span class="externalcolor">--externalcolor: should start red and change to green on LINK load</span></li>
    <li><span class="externalfallback">uses fallback. should be green</span></li>
  </ul>


  <p>Another set of text under the test for Opera Mini testing.</p>
  <!-- Copy above for codepen update -->

检测结果：

参考文献：

(1) Codepen example link

(2) aaronbarker/css-variables-polyfill

autoprefixer 可以解决 Internet Explorer 的 CSS 变量问题吗？

Can autoprefixer solve the issue of CSS variables for Internet Explorer?

css

angular

internet-explorer

css-variables

autoprefixer