如何在散景中绘制 holes/voids 的多边形
How to plot a polygon with holes/voids in bokeh
系统 - Python 3.6.5，散景 1.1.0，匀称 1.6.4
我正在尝试在 Bokeh 中使用 voids/holes 绘制一个多边形。这是我的代码：
from shapely.geometry import LineString
import numpy as np
from bokeh.plotting import figure
from bokeh.io import output_file, show
coords = np.array([
[0, 0, 0],
[0.000796326711, 0.999999683, 0],
[-0.999202405, 1.00159234, 0],
[-1.98359251, 1.1775927, 0],
[-2.92219092, 1.52260431, 0],
[-3.78621865, 2.02604854, 0],
[-4.75089683, 2.28947977, 0],
[-5.75088129, 2.29505403, 0],
[-6.71843634, 2.04239373, 0],
[-7.58802294, 1.54861327, 0],
[-7.93751519, 0.611674017, 0],
[-7.60373939, -0.330978472, 0],
[-6.74253141, -0.839231188, 0],
[-5.75597881, -0.675787108, 0],
[-5.48640738, 0.287193288, 0],
[-6.24471932, 0.939085149, 0],
[-6.49121061, 1.90823016, 0],
[-6.13650105, 2.8432067, 0],
[-5.30921186, 3.40498298, 0],
[-4.39661375, 3.81384077, 0],
[-3.42668851, 4.05724379, 0],
[-2.42917568, 4.12772889, 0],
[-1.43466068, 4.02313489, 0],
[-0.44683782, 4.17871769, 0],
[0.467380974, 4.58393862, 0],
[1.2460695, 5.21134931, 0],
[1.83648192, 6.01845103, 0],
[1.77076367, 7.01628925, 0],
[1.07959782, 7.73898542, 0],
[1.36065246, 8.69867719, 0],
[2.33248521, 8.9343488, 0],
[3.02192258, 8.21000351, 0],
[3.17042178, 7.22109098, 0],
[2.72413551, 6.32620072, 0],
[2.40767989, 7.27480804, 0],
[3.30185823, 6.82709709, 0],
[2.35274811, 6.51215267, 0],
[2.38220794, 7.51171864, 0],
[3.31112226, 7.14142393, 0],
[2.69243164, 7.92705865, 0],
[2.83462789, 6.93722016, 0],
[3.2071407, 7.86524721, 0],
[2.75445232, 6.97357842, 0],
[3.28380791, 7.82197848, 0],
[2.68188764, 7.02342229, 0],
[3.35170769, 7.76594576, 0],
[2.97550277, 6.83940927, 0],
[3.01292139, 7.83870895, 0],
[3.31878194, 6.88663263, 0],
[2.70636709, 7.67716919, 0],
[3.69830293, 7.55042818, 0],
[2.90679201, 6.93927315, 0],
[3.86117545, 6.64068939, 0],
[3.55910813, 7.59397599, 0],
[2.95084789, 6.80023832, 0],
[3.87479046, 7.18276954, 0],
[2.8834715, 7.31424852, 0],
[3.67575378, 6.7040938, 0],
[3.29543092, 7.62894759, 0],
[3.59294004, 6.67422861, 0],
[3.38055037, 7.65141366, 0],
[3.50617457, 6.65933576, 0],
[3.46828944, 7.65861786, 0],
[3.84492686, 6.7322571, 0],
[3.17476024, 7.47446779, 0],
[2.55957061, 6.68608863, 0],
[1.94375336, 5.8981996, 0],
[1.32730889, 5.11080121, 0],
[0.710237596, 4.32389397, 0],
[0.482766922, 3.35010904, 0],
[0.687368358, 2.37126367, 0],
[1.28584038, 1.57011996, 0],
[2.16644112, 1.09626099, 0],
[3.09577174, 1.46550968, 0],
[3.41102886, 2.41451598, 0],
[2.88736947, 3.26644371, 0],
[1.89827015, 3.41369362, 0],
[1.49930958, 2.49672554, 0],
[2.28127802, 1.87340752, 0],
[3.08621808, 2.46676365, 0],
[2.72215545, 3.39813812, 0],
[1.86773544, 2.87855517, 0],
[2.52719481, 2.12681496, 0],
[3.15362139, 2.90629539, 0],
[2.27758894, 3.38854755, 0],
[2.38423092, 2.39425007, 0],
[3.13806789, 3.05131157, 0],
[2.16764342, 3.29271652, 0],
[2.52576528, 2.35904167, 0],
[2.68324652, 3.34656364, 0],
[2.05248464, 2.57058719, 0],
[2.24068913, 1.58845733, 0],
[1.6086922, 0.813486444, 0],
[1.7693182, 1.80050179, 0],
[2.12297492, 0.865126504, 0],
[1.34951607, 1.49897303, 0],
[2.31258524, 1.76822716, 0],
[1.98000043, 0.825153807, 0],
[2.88237044, 1.25611595, 0],
[1.93982797, 1.59020233, 0],
[2.36935241, 0.687147091, 0],
[2.27538732, 1.68272258, 0],
[2.02240825, 0.715250833, 0],
[2.73321392, 0.0118623958, 0],
[2.82480034, -0.983934737, 0],
[2.25421938, -1.8051761, 0],
[1.28903664, -2.0667526, 0],
[0.289038757, -2.06881209, 0],
[-0.677213231, -1.81121338, 0],
[-0.034783313, -1.04486894, 0],
[-1.00079436, -1.30336971, 0],
[-1.50176903, -2.16883166, 0],
[-1.2448071, -3.13525319, 0],
[-0.38014413, -3.6376056, 0],
[0.388154841, -2.99751444, 0],
[0.0501889901, -2.05635607, 0],
[-0.949797967, -2.05124865, 0],
[-1.29735985, -2.98890569, 0],
[-0.333189804, -3.25419068, 0],
[-0.152164036, -2.27071233, 0],
[-1.14760173, -2.17529848, 0],
[-1.15669068, -3.17525717, 0],
[-0.28576497, -2.68384248, 0],
[-1.1464002, -2.17462052, 0],
[-1.15787801, -3.17455465, 0],
[-0.285780804, -2.68522198, 0],
[-1.28075125, -2.58505308, 0],
[-0.523693737, -3.23840132, 0],
[-0.76832174, -2.26878431, 0],
[-1.12482779, -3.20307732, 0],
[-0.61081635, -2.34529399, 0],
[-1.26657273, -3.10026656, 0],
[-0.489178007, -2.47125349, 0],
[-1.36437484, -2.95502047, 0],
[-0.643655461, -2.26179354, 0],
[-1.1610782, -3.11752347, 0],
[-0.88200064, -2.15725491, 0],
[-0.903829214, -3.15701664, 0],
[-1.52912076, -2.3766254, 0],
[-0.548650127, -2.57329095, 0],
[-1.42653001, -3.05217184, 0],
[-1.06111234, -2.12132818, 0],
[-0.372490874, -2.84644919, 0],
[-1.32095035, -3.16334762, 0],
[-0.362479159, -3.44853698, 0],
[-0.983410887, -2.66467233, 0],
[-0.925174642, -3.66297516, 0],
[-0.808381766, -2.66981886, 0],
[-1.0966227, -3.62737678, 0],
[-0.295873537, -4.2263766, 0],
[0.0973636203, -5.14581368, 0],
[-0.022592165, -6.13859291, 0],
[-0.623503247, -6.93790879, 0],
[-1.29238483, -7.68127777, 0],
[-2.02405304, -8.36293869, 0],
[-2.81283743, -8.97760868, 0],
[-3.65262488, -9.52052399, 0],
[-4.25671377, -10.3174409, 0],
[-4.55257078, -11.2726732, 0],
[-4.50467215, -12.2715254, 0],
[-4.1187691, -13.1940647, 0],
[-3.19386309, -13.5742605, 0],
[-2.2707103, -13.1898273, 0],
[-1.88904191, -12.2655279, 0],
[-2.27200443, -11.3417641, 0],
[-3.27107409, -11.3848897, 0],
[-3.57301046, -12.3382178, 0],
[-2.78092926, -12.9486335, 0],
[-1.93599218, -12.4137678, 0],
[-2.54183032, -11.6181799, 0],
[-3.28212411, -12.2904634, 0],
[-4.07867591, -12.8950337, 0],
[-4.92531242, -13.4272053, 0],
[-5.81547216, -13.8828539, 0],
[-6.49669089, -14.6149338, 0],
[-6.88717425, -15.5355438, 0],
[-6.94003665, -16.5341456, 0],
[-6.64893087, -17.4908365, 0],
[-5.76698046, -17.9621787, 0],
[-4.80982717, -17.6725969, 0],
[-4.02410748, -18.2911796, 0],
[-4.08094552, -19.289563, 0],
[-4.93179296, -19.8149759, 0],
[-5.93137812, -19.843777, 0],
[-6.81106642, -19.3682263, 0],
[-5.88102777, -19.0007646, 0],
[-6.75995757, -18.5238134, 0],
[-7.7596294, -18.5494304, 0],
[-8.61297752, -19.0707719, 0],
[-9.09202707, -19.9485598, 0],
[-8.64847045, -20.8448061, 0],
[-7.66001513, -20.9963188, 0],
[-6.96837319, -20.2740782, 0],
[-7.16250739, -19.2931032, 0],
[-8.16230648, -19.3131474, 0],
[-8.3169669, -20.3011151, 0],
[-8.80090203, -21.176219, 0],
[-9.55547824, -21.8324314, 0],
[-10.489271, -22.1902456, 0],
[-11.3886733, -22.6273676, 0],
[-12.2469643, -23.1405309, 0],
[-12.6826532, -22.2404336, 0],
[-12.4955545, -23.2227747, 0],
[-11.5263757, -23.4691329, 0],
[-10.8928903, -22.6953782, 0],
[-11.32571, -21.7938977, 0],
[-12.2275349, -22.2259993, 0],
[-11.7961515, -23.128168, 0],
[-11.528749, -24.091753, 0],
[-11.4335264, -25.087209, 0],
[-11.5134034, -26.0840137, 0],
[-11.3333499, -27.0676705, 0],
[-10.905562, -27.9715497, 0],
[-11.7691193, -28.4758004, 0],
[-10.86456, -28.0494527, 0],
[-11.803111, -28.3945932, 0],
[-10.8378421, -28.1333347, 0],
[-11.6560006, -28.7083275, 0],
[-11.0831893, -27.8886402, 0],
[-11.9895551, -27.4661465, 0],
[-12.2490106, -28.4319015, 0],
[-11.2529438, -28.5205069, 0],
[-11.7509926, -27.6533579, 0],
[-12.1763713, -28.5583734, 0],
[-12.1802155, -29.558366, 0],
[-11.7618076, -30.4666252, 0],
[-10.9992693, -31.1135682, 0],
[-10.0133983, -30.9460619, 0],
[-9.50732286, -30.0835727, 0],
[-8.52118632, -29.9176368, 0],
[-7.76071255, -30.5670054, 0],
[-7.77013098, -31.5669611, 0],
[-8.20198486, -32.4689047, 0],
[-8.9750606, -33.1032184, 0],
[-9.05044793, -32.1060641, 0],
[-8.19079308, -32.6169393, 0],
[-9.10268249, -33.0273753, 0],
[-9.34776313, -32.0578726, 0],
[-8.35037373, -31.9856619, 0],
[-8.45324705, -32.9803564, 0],
[-9.41474758, -32.7055533, 0],
[-9.39736662, -31.7057043, 0],
[-8.42689579, -31.4644858, 0],
[-7.9434172, -32.339842, 0],
[-8.66436495, -33.0328314, 0],
[-9.65855654, -32.9252067, 0],
[-10.2145035, -32.0939889, 0],
[-9.93434503, -31.1340352, 0],
[-9.01857521, -30.7323317, 0],
[-8.01885729, -30.756082, 0],
[-7.12319629, -31.2008194, 0],
[-8.00161475, -31.6787117, 0],
[-7.8884498, -30.6851354, 0],
[-7.13999644, -31.3483229, 0],
[-7.92357113, -31.9696205, 0],
[-8.39866294, -31.0896842, 0],
[-7.44934549, -30.7753653, 0],
[-7.30543703, -31.7649563, 0],
[-8.22437664, -32.1593546, 0],
[-8.84254942, -31.3733123, 0],
[-8.15880176, -32.1030309, 0],
[-7.37177597, -31.4861108, 0],
[-7.91708735, -30.6478772, 0],
[-8.80003233, -31.1173537, 0],
[-8.05741687, -31.7870717, 0],
[-7.68133922, -30.8604836, 0],
[-7.47109679, -29.8828343, 0],
[-7.43301967, -28.8835595, 0],
[-7.5682543, -27.8927459, 0],
[-8.2467546, -27.1581458, 0],
[-9.22372923, -26.9447903, 0],
[-9.44247386, -25.9690081, 0],
[-8.9793374, -26.8552951, 0],
[-9.65549433, -26.1185375, 0],
[-8.8121176, -26.6558602, 0],
[-9.80366964, -26.7855697, 0],
])
creature_morphology = LineString(coords[:, 0:2])
creature_patch = creature_morphology.buffer(0.5)
patch_x, patch_y = creature_patch.exterior.coords.xy
p3 = figure(plot_width=500, plot_height=500,
title="Best Creature", output_backend="webgl")
p3.line(x=coords[:, 0], y=coords[:, 1], line_color='red')
p3.patch(x=patch_x, y=patch_y)
output_file('p3.html')
show(p3)
工作正常并生成如下图（放大）：
不过，圆圈中间应该是空的。我也用其他示例对此进行了测试，并且每次都缺少空隙。疑似解决方案：
- 使用笛卡尔绘制补丁。不确定散景是否具有笛卡尔兼容性。
- 来自
creature_patch.exterior.coords.xy的坐标有误，请使用其他坐标。哪个呢？
感谢任何帮助！
Polygons With Holes As well as a nice example in the reference guide 上有一个用户指南部分。
multi_polygon数据为4级列表：
- 列表 multi-polygons
- 每个 multi-polygon 是一个多边形列表
- 每个多边形都是一个包含一个外部和零个或多个孔的列表
- 每个exterior/hole是一个坐标列表
这是一个例子：
from bokeh.plotting import figure, show, output_file
output_file('multipolygon_with_holes.html')
p = figure(plot_width=400, plot_height=400)
p.multi_polygons(xs=[[[ [1, 2, 2, 1], [1.2, 1.6, 1.6], [1.8, 1.8, 1.6] ]]],
ys=[[[ [3, 3, 4, 4], [3.2, 3.6, 3.2], [3.4, 3.8, 3.8] ]]])
show(p)
对于可能想要这样做的任何其他人。 Shapely 确实提供了空隙的坐标。但是，您需要遍历 voids 列表以分别绘制它们，如下所示：
# creature_patch.interiors is the list of all the interior voids that may exist
for i, _ in enumerate(creature_patch.interiors):
# iterate over the list and add a patch of white for each void
inside_x, inside_y = creature_patch.interiors[i].coords.xy
p3.patch(x=inside_x, y=inside_y, fill_color='white')
系统 - Python 3.6.5，散景 1.1.0，匀称 1.6.4
我正在尝试在 Bokeh 中使用 voids/holes 绘制一个多边形。这是我的代码：
from shapely.geometry import LineString
import numpy as np
from bokeh.plotting import figure
from bokeh.io import output_file, show
coords = np.array([
[0, 0, 0],
[0.000796326711, 0.999999683, 0],
[-0.999202405, 1.00159234, 0],
[-1.98359251, 1.1775927, 0],
[-2.92219092, 1.52260431, 0],
[-3.78621865, 2.02604854, 0],
[-4.75089683, 2.28947977, 0],
[-5.75088129, 2.29505403, 0],
[-6.71843634, 2.04239373, 0],
[-7.58802294, 1.54861327, 0],
[-7.93751519, 0.611674017, 0],
[-7.60373939, -0.330978472, 0],
[-6.74253141, -0.839231188, 0],
[-5.75597881, -0.675787108, 0],
[-5.48640738, 0.287193288, 0],
[-6.24471932, 0.939085149, 0],
[-6.49121061, 1.90823016, 0],
[-6.13650105, 2.8432067, 0],
[-5.30921186, 3.40498298, 0],
[-4.39661375, 3.81384077, 0],
[-3.42668851, 4.05724379, 0],
[-2.42917568, 4.12772889, 0],
[-1.43466068, 4.02313489, 0],
[-0.44683782, 4.17871769, 0],
[0.467380974, 4.58393862, 0],
[1.2460695, 5.21134931, 0],
[1.83648192, 6.01845103, 0],
[1.77076367, 7.01628925, 0],
[1.07959782, 7.73898542, 0],
[1.36065246, 8.69867719, 0],
[2.33248521, 8.9343488, 0],
[3.02192258, 8.21000351, 0],
[3.17042178, 7.22109098, 0],
[2.72413551, 6.32620072, 0],
[2.40767989, 7.27480804, 0],
[3.30185823, 6.82709709, 0],
[2.35274811, 6.51215267, 0],
[2.38220794, 7.51171864, 0],
[3.31112226, 7.14142393, 0],
[2.69243164, 7.92705865, 0],
[2.83462789, 6.93722016, 0],
[3.2071407, 7.86524721, 0],
[2.75445232, 6.97357842, 0],
[3.28380791, 7.82197848, 0],
[2.68188764, 7.02342229, 0],
[3.35170769, 7.76594576, 0],
[2.97550277, 6.83940927, 0],
[3.01292139, 7.83870895, 0],
[3.31878194, 6.88663263, 0],
[2.70636709, 7.67716919, 0],
[3.69830293, 7.55042818, 0],
[2.90679201, 6.93927315, 0],
[3.86117545, 6.64068939, 0],
[3.55910813, 7.59397599, 0],
[2.95084789, 6.80023832, 0],
[3.87479046, 7.18276954, 0],
[2.8834715, 7.31424852, 0],
[3.67575378, 6.7040938, 0],
[3.29543092, 7.62894759, 0],
[3.59294004, 6.67422861, 0],
[3.38055037, 7.65141366, 0],
[3.50617457, 6.65933576, 0],
[3.46828944, 7.65861786, 0],
[3.84492686, 6.7322571, 0],
[3.17476024, 7.47446779, 0],
[2.55957061, 6.68608863, 0],
[1.94375336, 5.8981996, 0],
[1.32730889, 5.11080121, 0],
[0.710237596, 4.32389397, 0],
[0.482766922, 3.35010904, 0],
[0.687368358, 2.37126367, 0],
[1.28584038, 1.57011996, 0],
[2.16644112, 1.09626099, 0],
[3.09577174, 1.46550968, 0],
[3.41102886, 2.41451598, 0],
[2.88736947, 3.26644371, 0],
[1.89827015, 3.41369362, 0],
[1.49930958, 2.49672554, 0],
[2.28127802, 1.87340752, 0],
[3.08621808, 2.46676365, 0],
[2.72215545, 3.39813812, 0],
[1.86773544, 2.87855517, 0],
[2.52719481, 2.12681496, 0],
[3.15362139, 2.90629539, 0],
[2.27758894, 3.38854755, 0],
[2.38423092, 2.39425007, 0],
[3.13806789, 3.05131157, 0],
[2.16764342, 3.29271652, 0],
[2.52576528, 2.35904167, 0],
[2.68324652, 3.34656364, 0],
[2.05248464, 2.57058719, 0],
[2.24068913, 1.58845733, 0],
[1.6086922, 0.813486444, 0],
[1.7693182, 1.80050179, 0],
[2.12297492, 0.865126504, 0],
[1.34951607, 1.49897303, 0],
[2.31258524, 1.76822716, 0],
[1.98000043, 0.825153807, 0],
[2.88237044, 1.25611595, 0],
[1.93982797, 1.59020233, 0],
[2.36935241, 0.687147091, 0],
[2.27538732, 1.68272258, 0],
[2.02240825, 0.715250833, 0],
[2.73321392, 0.0118623958, 0],
[2.82480034, -0.983934737, 0],
[2.25421938, -1.8051761, 0],
[1.28903664, -2.0667526, 0],
[0.289038757, -2.06881209, 0],
[-0.677213231, -1.81121338, 0],
[-0.034783313, -1.04486894, 0],
[-1.00079436, -1.30336971, 0],
[-1.50176903, -2.16883166, 0],
[-1.2448071, -3.13525319, 0],
[-0.38014413, -3.6376056, 0],
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])
creature_morphology = LineString(coords[:, 0:2])
creature_patch = creature_morphology.buffer(0.5)
patch_x, patch_y = creature_patch.exterior.coords.xy
p3 = figure(plot_width=500, plot_height=500,
title="Best Creature", output_backend="webgl")
p3.line(x=coords[:, 0], y=coords[:, 1], line_color='red')
p3.patch(x=patch_x, y=patch_y)
output_file('p3.html')
show(p3)
工作正常并生成如下图（放大）：
不过，圆圈中间应该是空的。我也用其他示例对此进行了测试，并且每次都缺少空隙。疑似解决方案：
- 使用笛卡尔绘制补丁。不确定散景是否具有笛卡尔兼容性。
- 来自
creature_patch.exterior.coords.xy的坐标有误，请使用其他坐标。哪个呢？
感谢任何帮助！
Polygons With Holes As well as a nice example in the reference guide 上有一个用户指南部分。
multi_polygon数据为4级列表：
- 列表 multi-polygons
- 每个 multi-polygon 是一个多边形列表
- 每个多边形都是一个包含一个外部和零个或多个孔的列表
- 每个exterior/hole是一个坐标列表
这是一个例子：
from bokeh.plotting import figure, show, output_file
output_file('multipolygon_with_holes.html')
p = figure(plot_width=400, plot_height=400)
p.multi_polygons(xs=[[[ [1, 2, 2, 1], [1.2, 1.6, 1.6], [1.8, 1.8, 1.6] ]]],
ys=[[[ [3, 3, 4, 4], [3.2, 3.6, 3.2], [3.4, 3.8, 3.8] ]]])
show(p)
对于可能想要这样做的任何其他人。 Shapely 确实提供了空隙的坐标。但是，您需要遍历 voids 列表以分别绘制它们，如下所示：
# creature_patch.interiors is the list of all the interior voids that may exist
for i, _ in enumerate(creature_patch.interiors):
# iterate over the list and add a patch of white for each void
inside_x, inside_y = creature_patch.interiors[i].coords.xy
p3.patch(x=inside_x, y=inside_y, fill_color='white')