\mingw-w64\ ... \ld.exe: 找不到 -lboost_filesystem

\mingw-w64\ ... \ld.exe: cannot find -lboost_filesystem

我正在尝试在 "windows 7 64bit" 命令提示符下使用 mingw 编译简单的 c++ 程序。我得到的错误是:

>gcc fs.cpp -lboost_filesystem -lboost_system
c:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lboost_filesystem
c:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lboost_system
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

可能有用的系统变量信息:

c:\Boost\lib>echo %path%
C:\Boost\boost-build\bin;C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Windows Live;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Windows Live;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Live\Shared;C:\Program Files (x86)\Skype\Phone\;c:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0\mingw64\bin\;c:\Boost\lib\

c:\Boost\lib>echo %library_path%
c:\Boost\lib

c:\Boost\lib>echo %cplus_include_path%
c:\Boost\include\

而boost/lib的内容是:

c:\Boost\lib>dir
 Volume in drive C is Acer
 Volume Serial Number is 62C5-4B7E

 Directory of c:\Boost\lib

13.06.2019.  00:31    <DIR>          .
13.06.2019.  00:31    <DIR>          ..
13.06.2019.  00:28         5.608.426 libboost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-d-x32-1_70
13.06.2019.  00:28         6.553.512 libboost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-d-x64-1_70
13.06.2019.  00:28         3.713.979 libboost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-d-x64-1_70
13.06.2019.  00:28            92.342 libboost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-d-x64-1_70
13.06.2019.  00:28           344.104 libboost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-s-x32-1_70
13.06.2019.  00:28           405.348 libboost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-s-x64-1_70
13.06.2019.  00:28         5.608.426 libboost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-sd-x32-1_7
13.06.2019.  00:28         6.553.512 libboost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-sd-x64-1_7
13.06.2019.  00:28           344.104 libboost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-x32-1_70.a
13.06.2019.  00:28           405.348 libboost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-x64-1_70.a
13.06.2019.  00:28           239.395 libboost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-x64-1_70.d
13.06.2019.  00:28            92.132 libboost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-x64-1_70.d
13.06.2019.  00:28             2.822 libboost_system-mgw81-mt-d-x32-1_70.a
13.06.2019.  00:28             3.118 libboost_system-mgw81-mt-d-x64-1_70.a
13.06.2019.  00:28            49.550 libboost_system-mgw81-mt-d-x64-1_70.dll
13.06.2019.  00:28             1.772 libboost_system-mgw81-mt-d-x64-1_70.dll
13.06.2019.  00:28               730 libboost_system-mgw81-mt-s-x32-1_70.a
13.06.2019.  00:28               924 libboost_system-mgw81-mt-s-x64-1_70.a
13.06.2019.  00:28             2.822 libboost_system-mgw81-mt-sd-x32-1_70.a
13.06.2019.  00:28             3.118 libboost_system-mgw81-mt-sd-x64-1_70.a
13.06.2019.  00:28               730 libboost_system-mgw81-mt-x32-1_70.a
13.06.2019.  00:28               924 libboost_system-mgw81-mt-x64-1_70.a
13.06.2019.  00:28            47.834 libboost_system-mgw81-mt-x64-1_70.dll
13.06.2019.  00:28             1.760 libboost_system-mgw81-mt-x64-1_70.dll.a

我尝试使用

手动包含路径
gcc fs.cpp -o fs.exe -Lc:\Boost\lib -lboost_filesystem -lboost_system

或与

gcc fs.cpp -o fs.exe -L c:\Boost\lib -lboost_filesystem -lboost_system

或与

gcc fs.cpp -o fs.exe -L c:\Boost\lib -llibboost_filesystem -llibboost_system

并得到相同的输出。

对我来说,这看起来像是链接器问题。但是,我没有经验。这可能是编译错误的库文件的产物吗?

在 Windows 上编译 c++ 时应该使用什么选项?我哪里错了?

我认为您的问题是由 boost 库文件的复杂命名方案引起的,
参见 Boost Getting Started on Windows: library naming

简而言之,boost 将字符附加到库文件名以指定(除其他事项外):

  • 编译器版本:-mgw81,
  • multi-threading: -mt,
  • 机器架构和地址模型:-x64
  • 和提升版本:-1_70.

因此,boost_filesystem 变为:boost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-x64-1_70 并且 boost_system 变为:boost_system-mgw81-mt-x64-1_70,所以尝试:

gcc fs.cpp -o fs.exe -Lc:\Boost\lib -lboost_filesystem-mgw81-mt-x64-1_70 -lboost_system-mgw81-mt-x64-1_70

注意:构建类似 cmake simplify these issues, but they can introduce new ones, see: cmake FindBoost not finding Boost libraries when building with MinGW on Windows 的系统。