我怎样才能decode/encode一个电缆调制解调器配置文件？
How can I decode/encode a cable modem configuration file?
我目前正在研究 DOCSIS 及相关的一些内部工作原理。我有点纠结的一件事是电缆调制解调器配置文件的制作方式。
根据我收集到的信息：
- CM 配置是基于 TLV 格式的二进制文件。
- 这些配置是使用 TFTP 服务器部署的，在调制解调器启动时通过 DHCP 提示给调制解调器本身。
我很想知道这些配置文件的结构。除了过去几天阅读的内容外，我对 TLV 几乎一无所知。
- TLV 只是一种将数据串在一起的通用方法吗？似乎 TLV 以二进制形式和 json-like 明文字符串使用。
- TLV的Tand/orL部分是固定大小（以字节为单位）吗？我怎么知道它们在哪里分开？
- 我想我在某处读到 CM 配置使用称为 TLV-BER 的 TLV 子集。如果我没记错的话，这会增加对 TLV 嵌套的支持。这是如何工作的？
我听说 CableLabs 上对 DOCSIS 有很好的记录，但我还没有找到这些信息。感谢有用的链接。
我有一个二进制配置文件，我可以使用在线工具对其进行解码，但假设我想为此目的制作自己的工具，我该怎么做？
编辑：这是二进制文件前 64 个字节的摘录，供参考。
03010112 01021916 08040668 51E00601 07070104 01020065 09040000 17C8181D
08040203 A0000904 00001F40 0E021F40 01020001 0F010207 01040601 07270101
您的 HEX 转储似乎没有使用 ASN.1 BER 编码。它是 TLV 编码，Tag 字段 1 字节长度和长度字段 1 字节 HEX 值。
标签 0x16、0x18 和 0x1F 似乎构建了包含另一组标签的模板。
文档中标记值查找的含义。
这里是 T-L-V 分隔形式的可能解析示例：
03-01-01
12-01-02
19-16 // template?
08-04-066851E0
06-01-07
07-01-04
01-02-0065
09-04-000017C8
18-1D // template?
08-04-0203A000
09-04-0000
1F-40 // template?
0E-02-1F40
01-02-0001
0F-01-02
07-01-04
06-01-07
27-01-01
...example cut here
03 01 01 ; 3 - Network access control: ON
12 01 02 ; 18 - Max Number of CPEs: 2
19 16 ; 25 - Downstream service flow
08 04 06 68 51 E0 ; 25.8 - Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate
06 01 07 ; 25.6 - Quality of Service Parameter Set Type: prov/adm/active
07 01 04 ; 25.7 - Traffic Priority: 4
01 02 00 65 ; 25.1 - Service Flow Reference or ASF Reference: 65
09 04 00 00 17 C8 ; 25.9 - Maximum Traffic Burst: 6,088
18 1D ; 24 - Upstream service flow
08 04 02 03 A0 00 ; 24.8 - Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate: 33,792,000
09 04 00 00 1F 40 ; 24.9 - Maximum Traffic Burst: 8,000
0E 02 1F 40 ; 24.14 - Maximum Concatenated Burst: 8,000
01 02 00 01 ; 24.1 - Service Flow Reference or ASF Reference: 1
0F 01 02 ; 24.15 - Service Flow Scheduling Type: 2
07 01 04 ; 24.7 - Traffic Priority: 4
06 01 07 ; 24.6 - QOS: 0x07 (prov|adm|active)
27 01 01 ; 39 - Enable 2.0 Mode: ON
类型
Type Description Spec Defined
======== ========================================================= ============
0 Pad DOCSIS 1.0
1 Downstream Frequency DOCSIS 1.0
2 Upstream Channel ID DOCSIS 1.0
3 Network Access Control Object DOCSIS 1.0
4 DOCSIS 1.0 Class of Service DOCSIS 1.0
5 Modem Capabilities Encoding DOCSIS 1.0
6 CM Message Integrity Check (MIC) DOCSIS 1.0
7 CMTS Message Integrity Check (MIC) DOCSIS 1.0
8 Vendor ID Encoding DOCSIS 1.0
9 SW Upgrade Filename DOCSIS 1.0
10 SNMP Write Access Control DOCSIS 1.0
11 SNMP MIB Object DOCSIS 1.0
12 Modem IP Address DOCSIS 1.0
13 Service(s) Not Available Response DOCSIS 1.0
14 CPE Ethernet MAC Address DOCSIS 1.0
15 Telephone Settings Option (deprecated) DOCSIS 1.0
17 Baseline Privacy (Security) DOCSIS 1.0
18 Max Number of CPEs DOCSIS 1.0
19 TFTP Server Timestamp DOCSIS 1.0
20 TFTP Server Provisioned Modem IPv4 Address DOCSIS 1.0
21 SW Upgrade IPv4 TFTP Server DOCSIS 1.0
22 Upstream Packet Classification DOCSIS 1.1
23 Downstream Packet Classification DOCSIS 1.1
24 Upstream SF DOCSIS 1.1
25 Downstream SF (11.4) DOCSIS 1.1
26 Payload Header Suppression DOCSIS 1.1
27 HMAC-Digest DOCSIS 3.1
28 Maximum Number of Classifiers DOCSIS 1.1
29 Privacy Enable DOCSIS 1.1
30 Authorization Block DOCSIS 1.1
31 Key Sequence Number DOCSIS 1.1
32 Manufacturer Code Verification Certificate DOCSIS 1.1
33 Co-Signer Code Verification Certificate DOCSIS 1.1
34 SNMPv3 Kickstart Value DOCSIS 1.1
35 Subscriber Mgmt Control DOCSIS 1.1
36 Subscriber Mgmt CPE IPv4 List DOCSIS 1.1
37 Subscriber Mgmt Filter Groups DOCSIS 1.1
38 SNMPv3 Notification Receiver DOCSIS 1.1
39 Enable 2.0 Mode DOCSIS 2.0
40 Enable Test Modes DOCSIS 2.0
41 Downstream Channel List DOCSIS 2.0
42 Static Multicast MAC Address DOCSIS 2.0
43 DOCSIS Extension Field DOCSIS 1.0
44 Vendor Specific Capabilities DOCSIS 1.0
45 Downstream Unencrypted Traffic (DUT) Filtering DOCSIS 2.0
46 Transmit Channel Configuration (TCC) DOCSIS 3.0
47 Service Flow SID Cluster Assignment DOCSIS 3.0
48 Receive Channel Profile DOCSIS 3.0
49 Receive Channel Configuration DOCSIS 3.0
50 DSID Encodings DOCSIS 3.0
51 Security Association Encoding DOCSIS 3.0
52 Initializing Channel Timeout DOCSIS 3.0
53 SNMPv1v2c Coexistence DOCSIS 3.0
54 SNMPv3 Access View Configuration DOCSIS 3.0
55 SNMP CPE Access Control DOCSIS 3.0
56 Channel Assignment Configuration Settings DOCSIS 3.0
57 CM Initialization Reason DOCSIS 3.0
58 SW Upgrade IPv6 TFTP Server DOCSIS 3.0
59 TFTP Server Provisioned Modem IPv6 Address DOCSIS 3.0
60 Upstream Drop Packet Classification DOCSIS 3.0
61 Subscriber Mgmt CPE IPv6 Prefix List DOCSIS 3.0
62 Upstream Drop Classifier Group ID DOCSIS 3.0
63 Subscriber Mgmt Control Max CPE IPv6 Prefix DOCSIS 3.0
64 CMTS Static Multicast Session Encoding DOCSIS 3.0
65 L2VPN MAC Aging Encoding DOCSIS 2.0
66 Management Event Control Encoding DOCSIS 3.0
67 Subscriber Mgmt CPE IPv6 Prefix List DOCSIS 3.0
68 Default Upstream Target Buffer Configuration DOCSIS 3.0
69 MAC Address Learning Control Encoding DOCSIS 3.0
70 Upstream Aggregate Service Flow Encodings DPoE 2.0
71 Downstream Aggregate Service Flow Encodings DPoE 2.0
72 Metro Ethernet Service Profile DPoE 2.0
73 Network Timing Profile DPoE 2.0
74 Energy Management Parameter Encoding DOCSIS 3.0
75 Energy Mgt. Mode Indicator DOCSIS 3.1
76 Energy Mgt. Identifier List for CM DOCSIS 3.1
77 DOCSIS Time Protocol Enable DOCSIS 3.1
78 AQM Disable DOCSIS 3.1
79 UNI Control Encoding DOCSIS 3.0
80 Energy Management – DOCSIS Light Sleep Encodings DOCSIS 3.1
81 Manufacturer CVC Chain DOCSIS 3.1
82 Co-signer CVC Chain DOCSIS 3.1
83 L2CP Management DPoE 2.0
201-231 eCM eSAFE Configuration File TLVs
201 ePS
202 eRouter eRouter
203-215 Reserved
216 eMTA PacketCable 1.x
217 eSTB DSG
218 Reserved
219 eTEA TEI
220 eDVA PacketCable 2.0
221 eSG SMA gateway
222-231 Reserved
255 End-of-Data DOCSIS 1.0
红利阅读
我目前正在研究 DOCSIS 及相关的一些内部工作原理。我有点纠结的一件事是电缆调制解调器配置文件的制作方式。
根据我收集到的信息：
- CM 配置是基于 TLV 格式的二进制文件。
- 这些配置是使用 TFTP 服务器部署的，在调制解调器启动时通过 DHCP 提示给调制解调器本身。
我很想知道这些配置文件的结构。除了过去几天阅读的内容外，我对 TLV 几乎一无所知。
- TLV 只是一种将数据串在一起的通用方法吗？似乎 TLV 以二进制形式和 json-like 明文字符串使用。
- TLV的Tand/orL部分是固定大小（以字节为单位）吗？我怎么知道它们在哪里分开？
- 我想我在某处读到 CM 配置使用称为 TLV-BER 的 TLV 子集。如果我没记错的话，这会增加对 TLV 嵌套的支持。这是如何工作的？
我听说 CableLabs 上对 DOCSIS 有很好的记录，但我还没有找到这些信息。感谢有用的链接。
我有一个二进制配置文件，我可以使用在线工具对其进行解码，但假设我想为此目的制作自己的工具，我该怎么做？
编辑：这是二进制文件前 64 个字节的摘录，供参考。
03010112 01021916 08040668 51E00601 07070104 01020065 09040000 17C8181D
08040203 A0000904 00001F40 0E021F40 01020001 0F010207 01040601 07270101
您的 HEX 转储似乎没有使用 ASN.1 BER 编码。它是 TLV 编码，Tag 字段 1 字节长度和长度字段 1 字节 HEX 值。 标签 0x16、0x18 和 0x1F 似乎构建了包含另一组标签的模板。 文档中标记值查找的含义。
这里是 T-L-V 分隔形式的可能解析示例：
03-01-01
12-01-02
19-16 // template?
08-04-066851E0
06-01-07
07-01-04
01-02-0065
09-04-000017C8
18-1D // template?
08-04-0203A000
09-04-0000
1F-40 // template?
0E-02-1F40
01-02-0001
0F-01-02
07-01-04
06-01-07
27-01-01
...example cut here
03 01 01 ; 3 - Network access control: ON
12 01 02 ; 18 - Max Number of CPEs: 2
19 16 ; 25 - Downstream service flow
08 04 06 68 51 E0 ; 25.8 - Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate
06 01 07 ; 25.6 - Quality of Service Parameter Set Type: prov/adm/active
07 01 04 ; 25.7 - Traffic Priority: 4
01 02 00 65 ; 25.1 - Service Flow Reference or ASF Reference: 65
09 04 00 00 17 C8 ; 25.9 - Maximum Traffic Burst: 6,088
18 1D ; 24 - Upstream service flow
08 04 02 03 A0 00 ; 24.8 - Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate: 33,792,000
09 04 00 00 1F 40 ; 24.9 - Maximum Traffic Burst: 8,000
0E 02 1F 40 ; 24.14 - Maximum Concatenated Burst: 8,000
01 02 00 01 ; 24.1 - Service Flow Reference or ASF Reference: 1
0F 01 02 ; 24.15 - Service Flow Scheduling Type: 2
07 01 04 ; 24.7 - Traffic Priority: 4
06 01 07 ; 24.6 - QOS: 0x07 (prov|adm|active)
27 01 01 ; 39 - Enable 2.0 Mode: ON
类型
Type Description Spec Defined
======== ========================================================= ============
0 Pad DOCSIS 1.0
1 Downstream Frequency DOCSIS 1.0
2 Upstream Channel ID DOCSIS 1.0
3 Network Access Control Object DOCSIS 1.0
4 DOCSIS 1.0 Class of Service DOCSIS 1.0
5 Modem Capabilities Encoding DOCSIS 1.0
6 CM Message Integrity Check (MIC) DOCSIS 1.0
7 CMTS Message Integrity Check (MIC) DOCSIS 1.0
8 Vendor ID Encoding DOCSIS 1.0
9 SW Upgrade Filename DOCSIS 1.0
10 SNMP Write Access Control DOCSIS 1.0
11 SNMP MIB Object DOCSIS 1.0
12 Modem IP Address DOCSIS 1.0
13 Service(s) Not Available Response DOCSIS 1.0
14 CPE Ethernet MAC Address DOCSIS 1.0
15 Telephone Settings Option (deprecated) DOCSIS 1.0
17 Baseline Privacy (Security) DOCSIS 1.0
18 Max Number of CPEs DOCSIS 1.0
19 TFTP Server Timestamp DOCSIS 1.0
20 TFTP Server Provisioned Modem IPv4 Address DOCSIS 1.0
21 SW Upgrade IPv4 TFTP Server DOCSIS 1.0
22 Upstream Packet Classification DOCSIS 1.1
23 Downstream Packet Classification DOCSIS 1.1
24 Upstream SF DOCSIS 1.1
25 Downstream SF (11.4) DOCSIS 1.1
26 Payload Header Suppression DOCSIS 1.1
27 HMAC-Digest DOCSIS 3.1
28 Maximum Number of Classifiers DOCSIS 1.1
29 Privacy Enable DOCSIS 1.1
30 Authorization Block DOCSIS 1.1
31 Key Sequence Number DOCSIS 1.1
32 Manufacturer Code Verification Certificate DOCSIS 1.1
33 Co-Signer Code Verification Certificate DOCSIS 1.1
34 SNMPv3 Kickstart Value DOCSIS 1.1
35 Subscriber Mgmt Control DOCSIS 1.1
36 Subscriber Mgmt CPE IPv4 List DOCSIS 1.1
37 Subscriber Mgmt Filter Groups DOCSIS 1.1
38 SNMPv3 Notification Receiver DOCSIS 1.1
39 Enable 2.0 Mode DOCSIS 2.0
40 Enable Test Modes DOCSIS 2.0
41 Downstream Channel List DOCSIS 2.0
42 Static Multicast MAC Address DOCSIS 2.0
43 DOCSIS Extension Field DOCSIS 1.0
44 Vendor Specific Capabilities DOCSIS 1.0
45 Downstream Unencrypted Traffic (DUT) Filtering DOCSIS 2.0
46 Transmit Channel Configuration (TCC) DOCSIS 3.0
47 Service Flow SID Cluster Assignment DOCSIS 3.0
48 Receive Channel Profile DOCSIS 3.0
49 Receive Channel Configuration DOCSIS 3.0
50 DSID Encodings DOCSIS 3.0
51 Security Association Encoding DOCSIS 3.0
52 Initializing Channel Timeout DOCSIS 3.0
53 SNMPv1v2c Coexistence DOCSIS 3.0
54 SNMPv3 Access View Configuration DOCSIS 3.0
55 SNMP CPE Access Control DOCSIS 3.0
56 Channel Assignment Configuration Settings DOCSIS 3.0
57 CM Initialization Reason DOCSIS 3.0
58 SW Upgrade IPv6 TFTP Server DOCSIS 3.0
59 TFTP Server Provisioned Modem IPv6 Address DOCSIS 3.0
60 Upstream Drop Packet Classification DOCSIS 3.0
61 Subscriber Mgmt CPE IPv6 Prefix List DOCSIS 3.0
62 Upstream Drop Classifier Group ID DOCSIS 3.0
63 Subscriber Mgmt Control Max CPE IPv6 Prefix DOCSIS 3.0
64 CMTS Static Multicast Session Encoding DOCSIS 3.0
65 L2VPN MAC Aging Encoding DOCSIS 2.0
66 Management Event Control Encoding DOCSIS 3.0
67 Subscriber Mgmt CPE IPv6 Prefix List DOCSIS 3.0
68 Default Upstream Target Buffer Configuration DOCSIS 3.0
69 MAC Address Learning Control Encoding DOCSIS 3.0
70 Upstream Aggregate Service Flow Encodings DPoE 2.0
71 Downstream Aggregate Service Flow Encodings DPoE 2.0
72 Metro Ethernet Service Profile DPoE 2.0
73 Network Timing Profile DPoE 2.0
74 Energy Management Parameter Encoding DOCSIS 3.0
75 Energy Mgt. Mode Indicator DOCSIS 3.1
76 Energy Mgt. Identifier List for CM DOCSIS 3.1
77 DOCSIS Time Protocol Enable DOCSIS 3.1
78 AQM Disable DOCSIS 3.1
79 UNI Control Encoding DOCSIS 3.0
80 Energy Management – DOCSIS Light Sleep Encodings DOCSIS 3.1
81 Manufacturer CVC Chain DOCSIS 3.1
82 Co-signer CVC Chain DOCSIS 3.1
83 L2CP Management DPoE 2.0
201-231 eCM eSAFE Configuration File TLVs
201 ePS
202 eRouter eRouter
203-215 Reserved
216 eMTA PacketCable 1.x
217 eSTB DSG
218 Reserved
219 eTEA TEI
220 eDVA PacketCable 2.0
221 eSG SMA gateway
222-231 Reserved
255 End-of-Data DOCSIS 1.0