Java 11：新的 HTTP 客户端发送 POST 带有 x-www-form-urlencoded 参数的请求

Question

我正在尝试使用新的 http 客户端 api 发送 POST 请求。是否有一种内置的方式来发送格式为 x-www-form-urlencoded 的参数？

我当前的代码：

HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
        .uri(URI.create(url))
        .header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
        .POST(BodyPublishers.ofString("a=get_account&account=" + URLEncoder.encode(account, "UTF-8")))
        .build();

我正在寻找一种更好的传递参数的方法。像这样：

Params p=new Params();
p.add("a","get_account");
p.add("account",account);

我需要自己构建此功能还是已经内置了某些功能？

我正在使用 Java 12.

Answer 1

我认为以下是使用 Java 11 实现此目的的最佳方法：

Map<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<>();
parameters.put("a", "get_account");
parameters.put("account", account);

String form = parameters.entrySet()
    .stream()
    .map(e -> e.getKey() + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(e.getValue(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
    .collect(Collectors.joining("&"));

HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();

HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
    .uri(URI.create(url))
    .headers("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
    .POST(HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofString(form))
    .build();

HttpResponse<?> response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());

System.out.println(response.statusCode() + " " + response.body().toString());

Answer 2

这种方式可能有用：

String param = Map.of("param1", "value1", "param2", "value2")
      .entrySet()
      .stream()
      .map(entry -> Stream.of(
               URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), UTF_8),
               URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), UTF_8))
                .collect(Collectors.joining("="))
      ).collect(Collectors.joining("&"));

您最多可以使用 10 对（参数，值）Map.of(...)。它 returns 一个不可修改的地图。

Answer 3

正如 Łukasz Olszewski 所说，工作正常：

String params = Map.of(
                    Constants.PARAM_CLIENT_ID, apiObject.getClientId(),
                    Constants.PARAM_SCOPE, apiObject.getScope(),
                    Constants.PARAM_CODE, apiObject.getCode(),
                    Constants.PARAM_REDIRECT_URI, apiObject.getRedirectUri(),
                    Constants.PARAM_GRANT_TYPE, apiObject.getGrantType(),
                    Constants.PARAM_CODE_VERIFIER, apiObject.getCodeVerifier())
                    .entrySet()
                    .stream()
                    .map(entry -> Stream.of(
                            URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8),
                            URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
                            .collect(Collectors.joining("="))
                    ).collect(Collectors.joining("&"));

HttpResponse<?> response = utils.consumeHttpPostFormUrlEncodedClientByRequestUrl(Constants.URL_BASE + Constants.URL_GET_TOKEN, params);

并使用 HttpPostFormUrlEncodedClientByRequestUrl

public HttpResponse<?> consumeHttpPostFormUrlEncodedClientByRequestUrl(String url, String map) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(URI.create(url))
                .header("Content-Type", String.valueOf(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED))
                .POST(HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofString(map))
                .build();
        return httpClient.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
    }

Answer 4

查看 Methanol. It's got a nice FormBodyPublisher x-www-form-urlencoded 个尸体。

var formBody = FormBodyPublisher.newBuilder()
      .query("a", "get_account")
      .query("account", account)
      .build();
var request = MutableRequest.POST("https://example.com", formBody);

// Methanol implements an HttpClient that does nice things to your request/response.
// Here, the Content-Type header will be added for you.
var client = Methanol.create();
var response = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());

Answer 5

您可以使用更紧凑的 String.join 而不是 Stream.of（根据 Łukasz Olszewski 的回答）：

String form = Map.of("param1", "value1", "param2", "value2")
  .entrySet()
  .stream()
  .map(entry -> String.join("=",
                        URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey().toString(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8),
                        URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue().toString(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)))
                .collect(Collectors.joining("&"));
return HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofString(form);

Java 11：新的 HTTP 客户端发送 POST 带有 x-www-form-urlencoded 参数的请求

Java 11: New HTTP client send POST requests with x-www-form-urlencoded parameters

java

java-http-client