如何使用 pyqtgraph 的 GLViewWidget 将轴特征（标签、刻度、值）添加到 3D 图？
How to add Axis features (labels, ticks, values) to a 3D plot with GLViewWidget of pyqtgraph?
我想将标签、刻度和值等轴信息添加到使用 pyqtgraph.opengl.GLViewWidget 模块创建的 3D 场景。 GLAxisItem 已经有一个非常简单的轴绘图选项，但是您只能控制轴的长度。
我已扩展 GLAxisItem 以更改轴颜色，但看不到包含这些其他功能的方法。
这是一个例子：
from pyqtgraph.Qt import QtCore, QtGui
import pyqtgraph.opengl as gl
import pyqtgraph as pg
import OpenGL.GL as ogl
import numpy as np
class CustomTextItem(gl.GLGraphicsItem.GLGraphicsItem):
def __init__(self, X, Y, Z, text):
gl.GLGraphicsItem.GLGraphicsItem.__init__(self)
self.text = text
self.X = X
self.Y = Y
self.Z = Z
def setGLViewWidget(self, GLViewWidget):
self.GLViewWidget = GLViewWidget
def setText(self, text):
self.text = text
self.update()
def setX(self, X):
self.X = X
self.update()
def setY(self, Y):
self.Y = Y
self.update()
def setZ(self, Z):
self.Z = Z
self.update()
def paint(self):
self.GLViewWidget.qglColor(QtCore.Qt.black)
self.GLViewWidget.renderText(self.X, self.Y, self.Z, self.text)
class Custom3DAxis(gl.GLAxisItem):
"""Class defined to extend 'gl.GLAxisItem'."""
def __init__(self, parent, color=(0,0,0,.6)):
gl.GLAxisItem.__init__(self)
self.parent = parent
self.c = color
def draw_labels(self):
x,y,z = self.size()
#X label
self.xLabel = CustomTextItem(X=x/2, Y=-y/20, Z=-z/20, text="X")
self.xLabel.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(self.xLabel)
#Y label
self.yLabel = CustomTextItem(X=-x/20, Y=y/2, Z=-z/20, text="Y")
self.yLabel.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(self.yLabel)
#Z label
self.zLabel = CustomTextItem(X=-x/20, Y=-y/20, Z=z/2, text="Z")
self.zLabel.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(self.zLabel)
def paint(self):
self.setupGLState()
if self.antialias:
ogl.glEnable(ogl.GL_LINE_SMOOTH)
ogl.glHint(ogl.GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, ogl.GL_NICEST)
ogl.glBegin(ogl.GL_LINES)
x,y,z = self.size()
#Draw Z
ogl.glColor4f(self.c[0], self.c[1], self.c[2], self.c[3])
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0)
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, z)
#Draw Y
ogl.glColor4f(self.c[0], self.c[1], self.c[2], self.c[3])
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0)
ogl.glVertex3f(0, y, 0)
#Draw X
ogl.glColor4f(self.c[0], self.c[1], self.c[2], self.c[3])
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0)
ogl.glVertex3f(x, 0, 0)
#Draw labels
self.draw_labels()
ogl.glEnd()
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
fig1 = gl.GLViewWidget()
background_color = app.palette().color(QtGui.QPalette.Background)
fig1.setBackgroundColor(background_color)
n = 51
y = np.linspace(-10,10,n)
x = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
for i in range(n):
yi = np.array([y[i]]*100)
d = (x**2 + yi**2)**0.5
z = 10 * np.cos(d) / (d+1)
pts = np.vstack([x,yi,z]).transpose()
plt = gl.GLLinePlotItem(pos=pts, color=pg.glColor((i,n*1.3)), width=(i+1)/10., antialias=True)
fig1.addItem(plt)
axis = Custom3DAxis(fig1, color=(0.2,0.2,0.2,.6))
axis.setSize(x=12, y=12, z=12)
fig1.addItem(axis)
fig1.opts['distance'] = 40
fig1.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
if (sys.flags.interactive != 1) or not hasattr(QtCore, 'PYQT_VERSION'):
QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_()
如果这些特征不随缩放改变大小就完美了。
---更新---
从 here 开始，我了解了如何创建自定义文本项并扩展了我的 Custom3DAxis class 以包括 X、Y 和 Z 标签（上面的代码已更新）。我认为这是进一步包含价值观和其他内容的方式。
然而，这个解决方案导致渲染在每次 rotation/span 时（即每次场景更新时）变得非常慢，仅仅是因为这 3 个文本项！
有人知道这是为什么吗？我应该怎么做才能避免这种情况？
好的，我找到了一个合理的解决方案：为每个要添加的标签和值创建文本项。造成速度变慢的原因是，在问题代码中，每次场景更新时都会添加更多新项目（而不是仅更新初始项目）。这是解决问题的代码：
from pyqtgraph.Qt import QtCore, QtGui
import pyqtgraph.opengl as gl
import pyqtgraph as pg
import OpenGL.GL as ogl
import numpy as np
class CustomTextItem(gl.GLGraphicsItem.GLGraphicsItem):
def __init__(self, X, Y, Z, text):
gl.GLGraphicsItem.GLGraphicsItem.__init__(self)
self.text = text
self.X = X
self.Y = Y
self.Z = Z
def setGLViewWidget(self, GLViewWidget):
self.GLViewWidget = GLViewWidget
def setText(self, text):
self.text = text
self.update()
def setX(self, X):
self.X = X
self.update()
def setY(self, Y):
self.Y = Y
self.update()
def setZ(self, Z):
self.Z = Z
self.update()
def paint(self):
self.GLViewWidget.qglColor(QtCore.Qt.black)
self.GLViewWidget.renderText(self.X, self.Y, self.Z, self.text)
class Custom3DAxis(gl.GLAxisItem):
"""Class defined to extend 'gl.GLAxisItem'."""
def __init__(self, parent, color=(0,0,0,.6)):
gl.GLAxisItem.__init__(self)
self.parent = parent
self.c = color
def add_labels(self):
"""Adds axes labels."""
x,y,z = self.size()
#X label
self.xLabel = CustomTextItem(X=x/2, Y=-y/20, Z=-z/20, text="X")
self.xLabel.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(self.xLabel)
#Y label
self.yLabel = CustomTextItem(X=-x/20, Y=y/2, Z=-z/20, text="Y")
self.yLabel.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(self.yLabel)
#Z label
self.zLabel = CustomTextItem(X=-x/20, Y=-y/20, Z=z/2, text="Z")
self.zLabel.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(self.zLabel)
def add_tick_values(self, xticks=[], yticks=[], zticks=[]):
"""Adds ticks values."""
x,y,z = self.size()
xtpos = np.linspace(0, x, len(xticks))
ytpos = np.linspace(0, y, len(yticks))
ztpos = np.linspace(0, z, len(zticks))
#X label
for i, xt in enumerate(xticks):
val = CustomTextItem(X=xtpos[i], Y=-y/20, Z=-z/20, text=str(xt))
val.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(val)
#Y label
for i, yt in enumerate(yticks):
val = CustomTextItem(X=-x/20, Y=ytpos[i], Z=-z/20, text=str(yt))
val.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(val)
#Z label
for i, zt in enumerate(zticks):
val = CustomTextItem(X=-x/20, Y=-y/20, Z=ztpos[i], text=str(zt))
val.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(val)
def paint(self):
self.setupGLState()
if self.antialias:
ogl.glEnable(ogl.GL_LINE_SMOOTH)
ogl.glHint(ogl.GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, ogl.GL_NICEST)
ogl.glBegin(ogl.GL_LINES)
x,y,z = self.size()
#Draw Z
ogl.glColor4f(self.c[0], self.c[1], self.c[2], self.c[3])
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0)
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, z)
#Draw Y
ogl.glColor4f(self.c[0], self.c[1], self.c[2], self.c[3])
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0)
ogl.glVertex3f(0, y, 0)
#Draw X
ogl.glColor4f(self.c[0], self.c[1], self.c[2], self.c[3])
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0)
ogl.glVertex3f(x, 0, 0)
ogl.glEnd()
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
fig1 = gl.GLViewWidget()
background_color = app.palette().color(QtGui.QPalette.Background)
fig1.setBackgroundColor(background_color)
n = 51
y = np.linspace(-10,10,n)
x = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
for i in range(n):
yi = np.array([y[i]]*100)
d = (x**2 + yi**2)**0.5
z = 10 * np.cos(d) / (d+1)
pts = np.vstack([x,yi,z]).transpose()
plt = gl.GLLinePlotItem(pos=pts, color=pg.glColor((i,n*1.3)), width=(i+1)/10., antialias=True)
fig1.addItem(plt)
axis = Custom3DAxis(fig1, color=(0.2,0.2,0.2,.6))
axis.setSize(x=12, y=12, z=12)
# Add axes labels
axis.add_labels()
# Add axes tick values
axis.add_tick_values(xticks=[0,4,8,12], yticks=[0,6,12], zticks=[0,3,6,9,12])
fig1.addItem(axis)
fig1.opts['distance'] = 40
fig1.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
if (sys.flags.interactive != 1) or not hasattr(QtCore, 'PYQT_VERSION'):
QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_()
好的，请耐心等待，因为我以前从未写过 class。但是我做了 "borrow" 您的代码并进行了一些修改以添加更多功能。
Here 是我添加到所有 'GL item' 文件都保存在 pyQtGraph 文件夹中的修改后的 GLTextItem 文件。
而here是修改后的GLAxisItem文件，我使用了你的代码并在pyQtGraph文件夹中的原始GLAxisItem文件中添加了更多的功能。
here 是我用来调试轴和文本项的文件。
请查看这些文件并尝试 运行。我在 GLAxisItem 中有一个错误，当没有指定轴标签时会显示一个默认标签。但是，当我创建轴对象并使用 setAxisLabel() 方法指定轴标签及其位置时，默认文本仍会显示，它不会消失...对此有任何修复吗？
Here's 完整的回购 link.
我想将标签、刻度和值等轴信息添加到使用 pyqtgraph.opengl.GLViewWidget 模块创建的 3D 场景。 GLAxisItem 已经有一个非常简单的轴绘图选项，但是您只能控制轴的长度。
我已扩展 GLAxisItem 以更改轴颜色，但看不到包含这些其他功能的方法。
这是一个例子：
from pyqtgraph.Qt import QtCore, QtGui
import pyqtgraph.opengl as gl
import pyqtgraph as pg
import OpenGL.GL as ogl
import numpy as np
class CustomTextItem(gl.GLGraphicsItem.GLGraphicsItem):
def __init__(self, X, Y, Z, text):
gl.GLGraphicsItem.GLGraphicsItem.__init__(self)
self.text = text
self.X = X
self.Y = Y
self.Z = Z
def setGLViewWidget(self, GLViewWidget):
self.GLViewWidget = GLViewWidget
def setText(self, text):
self.text = text
self.update()
def setX(self, X):
self.X = X
self.update()
def setY(self, Y):
self.Y = Y
self.update()
def setZ(self, Z):
self.Z = Z
self.update()
def paint(self):
self.GLViewWidget.qglColor(QtCore.Qt.black)
self.GLViewWidget.renderText(self.X, self.Y, self.Z, self.text)
class Custom3DAxis(gl.GLAxisItem):
"""Class defined to extend 'gl.GLAxisItem'."""
def __init__(self, parent, color=(0,0,0,.6)):
gl.GLAxisItem.__init__(self)
self.parent = parent
self.c = color
def draw_labels(self):
x,y,z = self.size()
#X label
self.xLabel = CustomTextItem(X=x/2, Y=-y/20, Z=-z/20, text="X")
self.xLabel.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(self.xLabel)
#Y label
self.yLabel = CustomTextItem(X=-x/20, Y=y/2, Z=-z/20, text="Y")
self.yLabel.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(self.yLabel)
#Z label
self.zLabel = CustomTextItem(X=-x/20, Y=-y/20, Z=z/2, text="Z")
self.zLabel.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(self.zLabel)
def paint(self):
self.setupGLState()
if self.antialias:
ogl.glEnable(ogl.GL_LINE_SMOOTH)
ogl.glHint(ogl.GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, ogl.GL_NICEST)
ogl.glBegin(ogl.GL_LINES)
x,y,z = self.size()
#Draw Z
ogl.glColor4f(self.c[0], self.c[1], self.c[2], self.c[3])
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0)
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, z)
#Draw Y
ogl.glColor4f(self.c[0], self.c[1], self.c[2], self.c[3])
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0)
ogl.glVertex3f(0, y, 0)
#Draw X
ogl.glColor4f(self.c[0], self.c[1], self.c[2], self.c[3])
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0)
ogl.glVertex3f(x, 0, 0)
#Draw labels
self.draw_labels()
ogl.glEnd()
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
fig1 = gl.GLViewWidget()
background_color = app.palette().color(QtGui.QPalette.Background)
fig1.setBackgroundColor(background_color)
n = 51
y = np.linspace(-10,10,n)
x = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
for i in range(n):
yi = np.array([y[i]]*100)
d = (x**2 + yi**2)**0.5
z = 10 * np.cos(d) / (d+1)
pts = np.vstack([x,yi,z]).transpose()
plt = gl.GLLinePlotItem(pos=pts, color=pg.glColor((i,n*1.3)), width=(i+1)/10., antialias=True)
fig1.addItem(plt)
axis = Custom3DAxis(fig1, color=(0.2,0.2,0.2,.6))
axis.setSize(x=12, y=12, z=12)
fig1.addItem(axis)
fig1.opts['distance'] = 40
fig1.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
if (sys.flags.interactive != 1) or not hasattr(QtCore, 'PYQT_VERSION'):
QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_()
如果这些特征不随缩放改变大小就完美了。
---更新---
从 here 开始，我了解了如何创建自定义文本项并扩展了我的 Custom3DAxis class 以包括 X、Y 和 Z 标签（上面的代码已更新）。我认为这是进一步包含价值观和其他内容的方式。
然而，这个解决方案导致渲染在每次 rotation/span 时（即每次场景更新时）变得非常慢，仅仅是因为这 3 个文本项！
有人知道这是为什么吗？我应该怎么做才能避免这种情况？
好的，我找到了一个合理的解决方案：为每个要添加的标签和值创建文本项。造成速度变慢的原因是，在问题代码中，每次场景更新时都会添加更多新项目（而不是仅更新初始项目）。这是解决问题的代码：
from pyqtgraph.Qt import QtCore, QtGui
import pyqtgraph.opengl as gl
import pyqtgraph as pg
import OpenGL.GL as ogl
import numpy as np
class CustomTextItem(gl.GLGraphicsItem.GLGraphicsItem):
def __init__(self, X, Y, Z, text):
gl.GLGraphicsItem.GLGraphicsItem.__init__(self)
self.text = text
self.X = X
self.Y = Y
self.Z = Z
def setGLViewWidget(self, GLViewWidget):
self.GLViewWidget = GLViewWidget
def setText(self, text):
self.text = text
self.update()
def setX(self, X):
self.X = X
self.update()
def setY(self, Y):
self.Y = Y
self.update()
def setZ(self, Z):
self.Z = Z
self.update()
def paint(self):
self.GLViewWidget.qglColor(QtCore.Qt.black)
self.GLViewWidget.renderText(self.X, self.Y, self.Z, self.text)
class Custom3DAxis(gl.GLAxisItem):
"""Class defined to extend 'gl.GLAxisItem'."""
def __init__(self, parent, color=(0,0,0,.6)):
gl.GLAxisItem.__init__(self)
self.parent = parent
self.c = color
def add_labels(self):
"""Adds axes labels."""
x,y,z = self.size()
#X label
self.xLabel = CustomTextItem(X=x/2, Y=-y/20, Z=-z/20, text="X")
self.xLabel.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(self.xLabel)
#Y label
self.yLabel = CustomTextItem(X=-x/20, Y=y/2, Z=-z/20, text="Y")
self.yLabel.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(self.yLabel)
#Z label
self.zLabel = CustomTextItem(X=-x/20, Y=-y/20, Z=z/2, text="Z")
self.zLabel.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(self.zLabel)
def add_tick_values(self, xticks=[], yticks=[], zticks=[]):
"""Adds ticks values."""
x,y,z = self.size()
xtpos = np.linspace(0, x, len(xticks))
ytpos = np.linspace(0, y, len(yticks))
ztpos = np.linspace(0, z, len(zticks))
#X label
for i, xt in enumerate(xticks):
val = CustomTextItem(X=xtpos[i], Y=-y/20, Z=-z/20, text=str(xt))
val.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(val)
#Y label
for i, yt in enumerate(yticks):
val = CustomTextItem(X=-x/20, Y=ytpos[i], Z=-z/20, text=str(yt))
val.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(val)
#Z label
for i, zt in enumerate(zticks):
val = CustomTextItem(X=-x/20, Y=-y/20, Z=ztpos[i], text=str(zt))
val.setGLViewWidget(self.parent)
self.parent.addItem(val)
def paint(self):
self.setupGLState()
if self.antialias:
ogl.glEnable(ogl.GL_LINE_SMOOTH)
ogl.glHint(ogl.GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, ogl.GL_NICEST)
ogl.glBegin(ogl.GL_LINES)
x,y,z = self.size()
#Draw Z
ogl.glColor4f(self.c[0], self.c[1], self.c[2], self.c[3])
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0)
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, z)
#Draw Y
ogl.glColor4f(self.c[0], self.c[1], self.c[2], self.c[3])
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0)
ogl.glVertex3f(0, y, 0)
#Draw X
ogl.glColor4f(self.c[0], self.c[1], self.c[2], self.c[3])
ogl.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0)
ogl.glVertex3f(x, 0, 0)
ogl.glEnd()
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
fig1 = gl.GLViewWidget()
background_color = app.palette().color(QtGui.QPalette.Background)
fig1.setBackgroundColor(background_color)
n = 51
y = np.linspace(-10,10,n)
x = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
for i in range(n):
yi = np.array([y[i]]*100)
d = (x**2 + yi**2)**0.5
z = 10 * np.cos(d) / (d+1)
pts = np.vstack([x,yi,z]).transpose()
plt = gl.GLLinePlotItem(pos=pts, color=pg.glColor((i,n*1.3)), width=(i+1)/10., antialias=True)
fig1.addItem(plt)
axis = Custom3DAxis(fig1, color=(0.2,0.2,0.2,.6))
axis.setSize(x=12, y=12, z=12)
# Add axes labels
axis.add_labels()
# Add axes tick values
axis.add_tick_values(xticks=[0,4,8,12], yticks=[0,6,12], zticks=[0,3,6,9,12])
fig1.addItem(axis)
fig1.opts['distance'] = 40
fig1.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
if (sys.flags.interactive != 1) or not hasattr(QtCore, 'PYQT_VERSION'):
QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_()
好的，请耐心等待，因为我以前从未写过 class。但是我做了 "borrow" 您的代码并进行了一些修改以添加更多功能。
Here 是我添加到所有 'GL item' 文件都保存在 pyQtGraph 文件夹中的修改后的 GLTextItem 文件。
而here是修改后的GLAxisItem文件，我使用了你的代码并在pyQtGraph文件夹中的原始GLAxisItem文件中添加了更多的功能。
here 是我用来调试轴和文本项的文件。
请查看这些文件并尝试 运行。我在 GLAxisItem 中有一个错误，当没有指定轴标签时会显示一个默认标签。但是，当我创建轴对象并使用 setAxisLabel() 方法指定轴标签及其位置时，默认文本仍会显示，它不会消失...对此有任何修复吗？
Here's 完整的回购 link.