无法实例化 class 的代理。找不到无参数构造函数

Question

我在 .Net Core 中使用 xUnit 和 Moq 编写测试用例时遇到突出问题

我已经使用 MSTest Fakes 编写了以下测试用例。它按预期工作正常。

 [TestClass]
public class TestBlobServiceProvider
{
    private Common.Interfaces.IBlobServiceProvider _iblobprovider;

    public TestBlobServiceProvider()
    {
        Common.Interfaces.IBlobServiceProvider iblobprovider = new BlobServiceProvider();
        this._iblobprovider = iblobprovider;
    }

    public TestBlobServiceProvider(string storageConnectionString)
    { 

    }


    [TestMethod]
    public void Move_Success()
    {
        using (ShimsContext.Create())
        {
            string sourceContainer = "a";
            string destinationContainer = "s";
            string sourceFileName = "d";
            string destinationFileName = "e";

            Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.Fakes.ShimCloudBlockBlob sourceFile = new Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.Fakes.ShimCloudBlockBlob ();
            Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.Fakes.ShimCloudBlockBlob destFile = new Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.Fakes.ShimCloudBlockBlob();

            Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.Fakes.ShimCloudBlockBlob.AllInstances.StartCopyCloudBlockBlobAccessConditionAccessConditionBlobRequestOptionsOperationContext = (x, y, z, d, e,s) =>
            { 
                     return "Hi"; 
            };

            Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.Fakes.ShimCloudBlob.AllInstances.DeleteDeleteSnapshotsOptionAccessConditionBlobRequestOptionsOperationContext = (x, y, z, d, e) =>
           {

           };

            Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.Fakes.ShimCloudBlobClient.AllInstances.GetContainerReferenceString = (x, y) =>
            {
                return new Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.Fakes.ShimCloudBlobContainer();
            };

            Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.Fakes.ShimCloudBlobContainer.AllInstances.CreateIfNotExistsAsync = (x) =>
            {
                return Task.Run(() =>
                {
                   return new bool();
                });
            };

            Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.Fakes.ShimCloudBlobContainer.AllInstances.GetBlockBlobReferenceString = (x, y) =>
            {
                return new Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.Fakes.ShimCloudBlockBlob();

            };


            CDM.Common.Fakes.ShimBlobServiceProvider.AllInstances.GetBlockBlobContainerString = (x, y) =>
            {
                return new Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.Fakes.ShimCloudBlobContainer();
            };

            this._iblobprovider.Move( sourceContainer,  destinationContainer,  sourceFileName,  destinationFileName);

        }

    }
}

但现在我们有迁移到 .Net Core 的要求。因此，我开始使用 xUnit 进行测试，因为 .Net 核心不支持 Fakes。

下面的代码是 xUnit 和 Moq

public class TestBlobServiceProvider
{
    private readonly Common.Interfaces.IBlobServiceProvider _iblobprovider;

    public TestBlobServiceProvider()
    {
        Common.Interfaces.IBlobServiceProvider iblobprovider = new BlobServiceProvider();
        this._iblobprovider = iblobprovider;
    }

    [Fact]
    public void Move_Success()
    {
            string sourceContainer = "a";
            string destinationContainer = "s";
            string sourceFileName = "d";
            string destinationFileName = "e";

            var uri = new Uri("https://app.blob.core.windows.net/container/https://app.blob.core.windows.net/container/Accounts/Images/acc.jpg");

            CloudBlockBlob source = null;
            AccessCondition sourceAccessCondition = null;
            AccessCondition destAccessCondition = null;
            BlobRequestOptions options = null;
            OperationContext operationContext = null;
            CloudBlobContainer container = new CloudBlobContainer (uri);
            Task task = null;
            DeleteSnapshotsOption deleteSnapshotsOption = new DeleteSnapshotsOption();


            var mockCloudBlobClient = new Mock<Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.CloudBlobClient>();
            mockCloudBlobClient.Setup(repo => repo.GetContainerReference("sample")).Returns(container);

            var mockCloudBlobContainer = new Mock<Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.CloudBlobContainer>();
            mockCloudBlobContainer.Setup(repo => repo.GetBlockBlobReference("sample")).Returns(new CloudBlockBlob(uri));

            mockCloudBlobContainer.Setup(repo => repo.CreateIfNotExistsAsync()).Returns(Task.Run(() =>
            {
                return new bool();
            }));


           var mockCloudBlob = new Mock<Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.CloudBlob>();
            mockCloudBlob.Setup(repo => repo.DeleteAsync(deleteSnapshotsOption, sourceAccessCondition, options, operationContext)).Returns(task);

            var mockCloudBlockBlob = new Mock<Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.CloudBlockBlob>();
            mockCloudBlockBlob.Setup(repo => repo.StartCopyAsync(source, sourceAccessCondition, destAccessCondition, options, operationContext)).ReturnsAsync("Hi");

            Common.Interfaces.IBlobServiceProvider obj = new BlobServiceProvider(mockCloudBlobClient.Object, mockCloudBlobContainer.Object, mockCloudBlob.Object, mockCloudBlockBlob.Object);

            obj.Move(sourceContainer, destinationContainer, sourceFileName, destinationFileName);

        //   this._iblobprovider.Move(sourceContainer, destinationContainer, sourceFileName, destinationFileName);

    }
}

我在

遇到错误

Common.Interfaces.IBlobServiceProvider obj = new BlobServiceProvider(mockCloudBlobClient.Object, mockCloudBlobContainer.Object, mockCloudBlob.Object, mockCloudBlockBlob.Object);`

错误：

Can not instantiate proxy of class: Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.CloudBlobClient. Could not find a parameterless constructor.

如何解决上述问题

Answer 1

问题是 moq 无法创建 CloudBlobClient，因为它没有无参数构造函数。但是 moq 能够创建没有无参数构造函数的对象，但您需要提供参数。

最简单的方法是使用 this 构造函数

public CloudBlobClient (
    Uri baseUri, System.Net.Http.DelegatingHandler delegatingHandler = null);

并提供 Uri。

类似于：

var mockCloudBlobClient = new Mock<CloudBlobClient>(new Uri("http://mytest"));

Answer 2

当您模拟实现而不是接口时，经常会出现这种情况。如果一个对象有一个接口，通常模拟那个接口会容易得多。

例如，假设这个工人 class:

//worker.cs
public class TemplateWorker : ITemplateWorker
    {
        private readonly ITemplateRetriever templateRetriever;
        
        public TemplateWorker(ITemplateRetriever templateRetriever)
        {
            this.templateRetriever = templateRetriever ?? 
               throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(templateRetriever));
        }
     //..class body
     }

如果你试图模拟这个，你会在这个 post

中得到错误

tests.cs
var mockWorker = Mock.Of<TemplateWorker>();
//!!Can not instantiate proxy of class TestProject.TemplateWorker : 
//!!  Could not find a parameterless constructor.'

但是，如果我改为模拟接口...没有错误！这很好，因为大部分时间在模拟中我们只关心这个 class 如何消耗其依赖项的 public 合同中的项目。

var mockWorker = Mock.Of<ITemplateWorker>();

//setup what should happen when I call its method...
Mock.Get(mockWorker).Setup(x=>x.SomeMethod(....//;

无法实例化 class 的代理。找不到无参数构造函数

Can not instantiate proxy of class. Could not find a parameterless constructor

.net

moq

xunit

microsoft-fakes

.net-core