协议类型不能符合协议,因为只有具体类型才能符合协议

Protocol type cannot conform to protocol because only concrete types can conform to protocols

在应用程序中,我们有两种类型的贴纸,字符串和位图。每个贴纸包都可以包含两种类型。这就是我声明模型的方式:

// Mark: - Models

protocol Sticker: Codable {
}

public struct StickerString: Sticker,  Codable, Equatable {
    let fontName: String
    let character: String
}

public struct StickerBitmap: Sticker,  Codable, Equatable {
    let imageName: String
}

用户选择一些贴纸并使用它们后,我们想将贴纸保存到 UserDefaults 中,以便我们可以向他显示 "Recently Used" 贴纸选项卡。我正在尝试解码保存的 [Sticker] 数组:

let recentStickers = try? JSONDecoder().decode([Sticker].self, from: data)

但是我得到以下编译错误:

Protocol type 'Sticker' cannot conform to 'Decodable' because only concrete types can conform to protocols

我不明白为什么我将 Sticker 声明为 Codable 而它也实现了 Decodable。任何帮助将不胜感激!

而不是协议使用泛型。

声明一个简单的函数

func decodeStickers<T : Decodable>(from data : Data) throws -> T
{
    return try JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data)
}

T可以是单个对象,也可以是数组。


在您的结构中删除 Sticker 协议。您还可以删除 Equatable,因为它正在结构中合成。

public struct StickerString : Codable {
    let fontName: String
    let character: String
}

public struct StickerBitmap : Codable {
    let imageName: String
}

要解码其中一种贴纸类型,请注释类型

let imageStickers = """
[{"imageName":"Foo"},{"imageName":"Bar"}]
"""    
let stickerData = Data(imageStickers.utf8)

let recentStickers : [StickerBitmap] = try! decodeStickers(from: stickerData)
print(recentStickers.first?.imageName)

let stringSticker = """
{"fontName":"Times","character":""}
"""    
let stickerData = Data(stringSticker.utf8)

let sticker : StickerString = try! decodeStickers(from: stickerData)
print(sticker.character)

要解码 StickerStringStickerBitmap 类型的数组,请声明一个具有关联值的包装器枚举

enum Sticker: Codable {

    case string(StickerString)
    case image(StickerBitmap)

    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
        do {
            let stringData = try container.decode(StickerString.self)
            self = .string(stringData)
        } catch DecodingError.keyNotFound {
            let imageData = try container.decode(StickerBitmap.self)
            self = .image(imageData)
        }
    }

    func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
        switch self {
            case .string(let string) : try container.encode(string)
            case .image(let image) : try container.encode(image)
        }
    }
}

然后就可以解码了

let stickers = """
[{"imageName":"Foo"},{"imageName":"Bar"}, {"fontName":"Times","character":""}]
"""

let stickerData = Data(stickers.utf8)
let recentStickers = try! JSONDecoder().decode([Sticker].self, from: stickerData)
print(recentStickers)

在 table 视图中 switch 枚举

func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
    let sticker = stickers[indexPath.row]
    switch sticker {
    case .string(let stringSticker): 
        let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withCellIdentifier: "StringStickerCell", for: indexPath) as! StringStickerCell
        // update UI
        return cell
    case .image(let imageSticker): 
        let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withCellIdentifier: "ImageStickerCell", for: indexPath) as! ImageStickerCell
        // update UI
        return cell
    }
}

这里发生的事情是不言自明的


JSONDecoder().decode(/* swift here is expecting class or struct that conforms to Codable */.self, from: data)

但让我们假设您可以通过协议 在你的协议中

protocol Sticker: Codable {
}

您期望 swift 从数据中解码的属性在哪里?

您在

中添加了属性
public struct StickerString: Sticker,  Codable, Equatable { // it should have redundendant conformance as well as you are conforming to Coddle again
    let fontName: String // here is the properties you are expected to be decoded with the coding keys
    let character: String // here is the properties you are expected to be decoded with the coding keys
}

只要您希望解码的类型是动态的,我建议您这样做

class GenericService< /* here you can pass your class or struct that conforms to Codable */ GenericResponseModel: Codable> {

func buildObjectFromResponse(data: Data?) -> GenericResponseModel? {
        var object : GenericResponseModel?
        do {
            object = try JSONDecoder().decode(GenericResponseModel.self , from: data!)
        } catch (let error){
            print(error)
        }
        return object
    }

}
  • 通过这个class你可以传递任何符合 Codable
  • 的类型甚至列表
  • 然后你将使用下面的方法将类型检查与解码过程分离
private func handleDecodingTypes (stickers: [Sticker]){
        for sticker in stickers {
            if sticker is StickerString {
                /* do the decoding here */
            }
            if sticker is StickerBitmap {
                /* do the decoding here */
            }
        }
    }

Sticker协议不是confirming/implementingCodable,它其实是继承自Codable。正如错误消息所暗示的,协议不符合其他协议,只有具体类型符合。

protocol Sticker: Codable //This is Protocol inheritance

通过陈述

public struct StickerString: Sticker

表示Sticker字符串符合Sticker,Sticker是Codable的child,所以StickerString最终符合Codable。无需再次声明一致性,即:

public struct StickerString: Sticker,  Codable //Conformance to Codable is redundant

现在进入解码部分。

  let recentStickers = try? JSONDecoder().decode([Sticker].self, from: data)

解码方法需要具体类型。它没有关于底层类型或其属性的任何信息,因为 Sticker 本身只是一个协议,它继承自没有 properties/attributes 的 Codable。 编译器在解码后组合 StrickerString 和 StickerBitmap 不会有任何问题,例如

let stickerString = try JSONDecoder().decode(StickerString.self, from: data)
let stickerBitmap = try JSONDecoder().decode(StickerBitmap.self, from: data)
let stickers : [Sticker] = [stickerString, stickerBitmap]