使函数在 2 次或更多次按键时执行
Make it so function executes on 2 or more key presses
我是 Python 的新手，需要一些帮助。
如何使函数在按下 2 次或更多次按键后执行？
我正在尝试使用类似于 Minicraft（一种 2D 自上而下的动作游戏）的乌龟制作游戏，您可以在其中使用从石头和木头中获得的材料来制作各种不同的物品。代码还没写完。
我需要帮助的代码：
stone = turtle.Turtle()
stone.shape("circle")
stone.color("gray")
stone.penup()
stone.setposition(-220, 180)
stone.shapesize(stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
def stonebreak():
stone = turtle.Turtle ()
stone.shape ("circle")
stone.color ("gray")
stone.penup ()
stone.setposition (-220, 180)
stone.shapesize (stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
stone.speed("slow")
stone.hideturtle()
stone = 0
stone += 9
stonestring = "Stone: %s" % stone
penstone1.write (stonestring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
penstone1.clear()
penstone1.write (stonestring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
if isCollision(player, stone):
wn.onkeypress(stonebreak, "space")
stone.hideturtle()
完整代码：
import turtle
import random
import math
import time
turtle.tracer(5)
score = 0
# Turtles
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.tracer(0)
wn.bgcolor("black")
wn.title("Catcher")
wn.setup(800, 600)
penwood1 = turtle.Turtle()
penwood1.penup()
penwood1.color("white")
penwood1.hideturtle()
penwood1.goto(-280, 275)
wood = 0
woodstring = "Wood: %s" %wood
penwood1.write(woodstring, False, align ="left", font = ("system", 15, "normal"))
penstone1 = turtle.Turtle()
penstone1.penup()
penstone1.color("white")
penstone1.hideturtle()
penstone1.goto(-200, 275)
stone = 0
stonestring = "Stone: %s" %stone
penstone1.write(stonestring, False, align ="left", font = ("system", 15, "normal"))
player = turtle. Turtle()
player.hideturtle()
player.color("white")
player.shape("triangle")
player.penup()
player.setheading(180)
player.setposition(180, 0)
player.showturtle()
player.penup()
player.speed(0)
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.color("white")
pen.shape("circle")
pen.hideturtle()
pen.penup()
pen.setposition(360, 275)
pen.pendown()
pen.setposition(360, -275)
pen.setposition(-360, -275)
pen.setposition(-360, 275)
pen.setposition(360, 275)
pen.shapesize(stretch_wid=3, stretch_len=3)
pen1 = turtle.Turtle()
pen1.color("white")
pen1.shape("circle")
pen1.hideturtle()
pen1.penup()
pen1.goto(-360, 275)
scorestring = "Score: %s" %score
pen1.write(scorestring, False, align = "left", font = ("system", 15, "normal"))
tree = turtle.Turtle()
tree.shape("circle")
tree.color("green")
tree.penup()
tree.setposition(200, 140)
stone1 = turtle.Turtle ()
stone1.shape ("circle")
stone1.color ("gray")
stone1.penup ()
stone1.setposition (-200, 140)
stone1.shapesize (stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
stone1.speed ("slow")
stone = turtle.Turtle()
stone.shape("circle")
stone.color("gray")
stone.penup()
stone.setposition(-220, 180)
stone.shapesize(stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
# ______________________________________________________
treedown = turtle.Turtle()
treedown.shape("circle")
treedown.color("green")
treedown.penup()
treedown.setposition(-250, -140)
# Movement features
def pleft():
player.setheading(180)
x = player.xcor()
x -= 20
if x < -360:
x = - 360
player.setx(x)
def pright():
player.setheading(0)
x = player.xcor()
x += 20
if x > 360:
x = + 360
player.setx(x)
def pdown():
player.setheading(270)
y = player.ycor()
y -= 20
if y < -275:
y = - 275
player.sety(y)
def pup():
player.setheading(90)
y = player.ycor()
y += 20
if y > 275:
y = + 275
player.sety(y)
wn.listen()
wn.onkeypress(pleft, "Left")
wn.onkeypress(pright, "Right")
wn.onkeypress(pup, "Up")
wn.onkeypress(pdown, "Down")
while True:
wn.update()
def treebreak():
tree.speed("slow")
tree.hideturtle()
wood = 0
wood += 2
woodstring = "Wood: %s" % wood
penwood1.write (woodstring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
penwood1.clear()
penwood1.write (woodstring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
def treebbreak():
treedown.speed ("slow")
treedown.hideturtle ()
wood = 2
wood += 3
woodstring = "Wood: %s" % wood
penwood1.write (woodstring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
penwood1.clear ()
penwood1.write (woodstring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
if player.xcor () == -240 and player.ycor () == -140:
wn.onkeypress (treebbreak, "space")
if player.xcor() == 180 and player.ycor() == 140:
wn.onkeypress(treebreak, "space")
if player.xcor() == 200 and player.ycor() == 120:
wn.onkeypress(treebreak, "space")
if player.xcor() == 200 and player.ycor() == 160:
wn.onkeypress(treebreak, "space")
if player.xcor() == 221 and player.ycor() == 141:
wn.onkeypress(treebreak, "space")
def isCollision(t1, t2):
distance = math.sqrt(math.pow(t1.xcor()-t2.xcor(),2)+math.pow(t1.ycor()-t2.ycor(),2))
if distance < 25:
return True
else:
return False
def stonebreak():
stone = turtle.Turtle ()
stone.shape ("circle")
stone.color ("gray")
stone.penup ()
stone.setposition (-220, 180)
stone.shapesize (stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
stone.speed("slow")
stone.hideturtle()
stone = 0
stone += 9
stonestring = "Stone: %s" % stone
penstone1.write (stonestring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
penstone1.clear()
penstone1.write (stonestring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
if isCollision(player, stone):
wn.onkeypress(stonebreak, "space")
stone.hideturtle()
def stone1break():
stone1 = turtle.Turtle ()
stone1.shape ("circle")
stone1.color ("gray")
stone1.penup ()
stone1.setposition (-200, 140)
stone1.shapesize (stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
stone1.speed("slow")
stone1.hideturtle()
stone = 0
stone += 9
stonestring = "Stone: %s" % stone
penstone1.write (stonestring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
penstone1.clear()
penstone1.write (stonestring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
if isCollision(player, stone1):
wn.onkeypress(stone1break, "space")
stone1.hideturtle()
wn.mainloop()
我正在努力做到这一点，以便您在 2 次或更多次点击 目标后获得材料。
首先，您不应该在每次发生碰撞时都设置 onkeypress() 事件处理程序。尝试以其他方式处理它：
def checkCollisions():
if isCollision(player, stone1):
stone1break()
if isCollision(player, stone2):
stone2break()
...
wn.onkeypress(checkCollisions, "space")
这段代码和所有函数定义都应该放在主 (while True:) 循环之前。
然后，您将需要游戏对象的一些状态。简单的方法是添加变量 stone1strength=2，stone2strength=2，...，并在相应的 stonebreak() 函数中减少它们，在强度低于 1 后清除石头。
我很喜欢你的努力。它让我想起了我的第一个游戏编程步骤。 :)
下一步可能是重写代码以将石头对象存储到列表中并迭代它们而不是处理数十个 stoneX 变量...
首先，我没有发现每次检测到碰撞时设置 onkeypress() 处理程序有问题。其次，你的代码一团糟！例如，你有两个不相关的同名全局变量，stone 得分值和 stone 乌龟：
stone = 0
# ...
stone = turtle.Turtle()
你 shape 和 shapesize() 无论如何永远看不见的 pen 乌龟。这里发生了什么：
wood = 2
wood += 3
这会发生多次，使您的分数保持在固定值而不是增加。试图在确切位置检测海龟是徒劳的：
if player.xcor() == 180 and player.ycor() == 140:
当玩家一次移动 20 个像素时，这是一个浮点平面。而且 turtle 有一个 distance() 方法，没有理由重新发明它。
我相信@BoboDarph 的状态机建议是一个很好的建议。下面是我对你的代码进行的返工和简化，它做了一些更简单的事情。第一次触摸石头或树时，它只是改变了颜色。之后，您开始赚取积分：
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
FONT = ('system', 15, 'normal')
# Movement features
def player_left():
player.setheading(180)
x = player.xcor() - 20
if x < -360:
x = -360
player.setx(x)
def player_right():
player.setheading(0)
x = player.xcor() + 20
if x > 360:
x = + 360
player.setx(x)
def player_down():
player.setheading(270)
y = player.ycor() - 20
if y < -275:
y = - 275
player.sety(y)
def player_up():
player.setheading(90)
y = player.ycor() + 20
if y > 275:
y = + 275
player.sety(y)
def isCollision(t1, t2):
return t1.distance(t2) < 25
def tree_touch():
tree.color('dark green')
tree.touched = True
def tree_break():
global wood
screen.onkeypress(None, 'space')
tree.color('brown')
wood += 2
woodstring = "Wood: %s" % wood
pen_wood.clear()
pen_wood.write(woodstring, align='left', font=FONT)
def stone_touch():
rock.color('gray')
rock.touched = True
def stone_break():
global stone
screen.onkeypress(None, 'space')
rock.color('light gray')
stone += 9
stonestring = "Stone: %s" % stone
pen_stone.clear()
pen_stone.write(stonestring, align='left', font=FONT)
# Turtles
screen = Screen()
screen.setup(800, 600)
screen.bgcolor('black')
screen.title("Catcher")
screen.tracer(0)
pen_wood = Turtle()
pen_wood.hideturtle()
pen_wood.color('white')
pen_wood.penup()
pen_wood.goto(-280, 275)
wood = 0
wood_string = "Wood: %s" %wood
pen_wood.write(wood_string, align='left', font=FONT)
pen_stone = Turtle()
pen_stone.hideturtle()
pen_stone.color('white')
pen_stone.penup()
pen_stone.goto(-200, 275)
stone = 0
stone_string = "Stone: %s" %stone
pen_stone.write(stone_string, align='left', font=FONT)
pen = Turtle()
pen.hideturtle()
pen.shape('circle')
pen.color('white')
pen.penup()
pen.setposition(360, 275)
pen.pendown()
pen.setposition(360, -275)
pen.setposition(-360, -275)
pen.setposition(-360, 275)
pen.setposition(360, 275)
rock = Turtle()
rock.shape('circle')
rock.color('dark gray')
rock.penup()
rock.setposition(-220, 180)
rock.shapesize(stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
rock.touched = False
tree = Turtle()
tree.shape('circle')
tree.color('green')
tree.penup()
tree.setposition(200, 140)
tree.touched = False
player = Turtle()
player.hideturtle()
player.shape('triangle')
player.speed('fastest')
player.color('white')
player.setheading(180)
player.penup()
player.setx(180)
player.showturtle()
screen.onkeypress(player_left, 'Left')
screen.onkeypress(player_right, 'Right')
screen.onkeypress(player_up, 'Up')
screen.onkeypress(player_down, 'Down')
screen.listen()
while True:
if isCollision(player, tree):
if tree.touched:
screen.onkeypress(tree_break, "space")
else:
screen.onkeypress(tree_touch, "space")
elif isCollision(player, rock):
if rock.touched:
screen.onkeypress(stone_break, "space")
else:
screen.onkeypress(stone_touch, "space")
else:
screen.onkeypress(None, "space")
screen.update()
screen.mainloop() # never reached
待办事项
优雅地结合了多棵树和石头。
将isCollision()中的固定值25改为计算出的值
基于对象的shapesize()
用函数和定时事件替换 while True: 循环。
我是 Python 的新手，需要一些帮助。 如何使函数在按下 2 次或更多次按键后执行？ 我正在尝试使用类似于 Minicraft（一种 2D 自上而下的动作游戏）的乌龟制作游戏，您可以在其中使用从石头和木头中获得的材料来制作各种不同的物品。代码还没写完。
我需要帮助的代码：
stone = turtle.Turtle()
stone.shape("circle")
stone.color("gray")
stone.penup()
stone.setposition(-220, 180)
stone.shapesize(stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
def stonebreak():
stone = turtle.Turtle ()
stone.shape ("circle")
stone.color ("gray")
stone.penup ()
stone.setposition (-220, 180)
stone.shapesize (stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
stone.speed("slow")
stone.hideturtle()
stone = 0
stone += 9
stonestring = "Stone: %s" % stone
penstone1.write (stonestring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
penstone1.clear()
penstone1.write (stonestring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
if isCollision(player, stone):
wn.onkeypress(stonebreak, "space")
stone.hideturtle()
完整代码：
import turtle
import random
import math
import time
turtle.tracer(5)
score = 0
# Turtles
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.tracer(0)
wn.bgcolor("black")
wn.title("Catcher")
wn.setup(800, 600)
penwood1 = turtle.Turtle()
penwood1.penup()
penwood1.color("white")
penwood1.hideturtle()
penwood1.goto(-280, 275)
wood = 0
woodstring = "Wood: %s" %wood
penwood1.write(woodstring, False, align ="left", font = ("system", 15, "normal"))
penstone1 = turtle.Turtle()
penstone1.penup()
penstone1.color("white")
penstone1.hideturtle()
penstone1.goto(-200, 275)
stone = 0
stonestring = "Stone: %s" %stone
penstone1.write(stonestring, False, align ="left", font = ("system", 15, "normal"))
player = turtle. Turtle()
player.hideturtle()
player.color("white")
player.shape("triangle")
player.penup()
player.setheading(180)
player.setposition(180, 0)
player.showturtle()
player.penup()
player.speed(0)
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.color("white")
pen.shape("circle")
pen.hideturtle()
pen.penup()
pen.setposition(360, 275)
pen.pendown()
pen.setposition(360, -275)
pen.setposition(-360, -275)
pen.setposition(-360, 275)
pen.setposition(360, 275)
pen.shapesize(stretch_wid=3, stretch_len=3)
pen1 = turtle.Turtle()
pen1.color("white")
pen1.shape("circle")
pen1.hideturtle()
pen1.penup()
pen1.goto(-360, 275)
scorestring = "Score: %s" %score
pen1.write(scorestring, False, align = "left", font = ("system", 15, "normal"))
tree = turtle.Turtle()
tree.shape("circle")
tree.color("green")
tree.penup()
tree.setposition(200, 140)
stone1 = turtle.Turtle ()
stone1.shape ("circle")
stone1.color ("gray")
stone1.penup ()
stone1.setposition (-200, 140)
stone1.shapesize (stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
stone1.speed ("slow")
stone = turtle.Turtle()
stone.shape("circle")
stone.color("gray")
stone.penup()
stone.setposition(-220, 180)
stone.shapesize(stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
# ______________________________________________________
treedown = turtle.Turtle()
treedown.shape("circle")
treedown.color("green")
treedown.penup()
treedown.setposition(-250, -140)
# Movement features
def pleft():
player.setheading(180)
x = player.xcor()
x -= 20
if x < -360:
x = - 360
player.setx(x)
def pright():
player.setheading(0)
x = player.xcor()
x += 20
if x > 360:
x = + 360
player.setx(x)
def pdown():
player.setheading(270)
y = player.ycor()
y -= 20
if y < -275:
y = - 275
player.sety(y)
def pup():
player.setheading(90)
y = player.ycor()
y += 20
if y > 275:
y = + 275
player.sety(y)
wn.listen()
wn.onkeypress(pleft, "Left")
wn.onkeypress(pright, "Right")
wn.onkeypress(pup, "Up")
wn.onkeypress(pdown, "Down")
while True:
wn.update()
def treebreak():
tree.speed("slow")
tree.hideturtle()
wood = 0
wood += 2
woodstring = "Wood: %s" % wood
penwood1.write (woodstring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
penwood1.clear()
penwood1.write (woodstring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
def treebbreak():
treedown.speed ("slow")
treedown.hideturtle ()
wood = 2
wood += 3
woodstring = "Wood: %s" % wood
penwood1.write (woodstring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
penwood1.clear ()
penwood1.write (woodstring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
if player.xcor () == -240 and player.ycor () == -140:
wn.onkeypress (treebbreak, "space")
if player.xcor() == 180 and player.ycor() == 140:
wn.onkeypress(treebreak, "space")
if player.xcor() == 200 and player.ycor() == 120:
wn.onkeypress(treebreak, "space")
if player.xcor() == 200 and player.ycor() == 160:
wn.onkeypress(treebreak, "space")
if player.xcor() == 221 and player.ycor() == 141:
wn.onkeypress(treebreak, "space")
def isCollision(t1, t2):
distance = math.sqrt(math.pow(t1.xcor()-t2.xcor(),2)+math.pow(t1.ycor()-t2.ycor(),2))
if distance < 25:
return True
else:
return False
def stonebreak():
stone = turtle.Turtle ()
stone.shape ("circle")
stone.color ("gray")
stone.penup ()
stone.setposition (-220, 180)
stone.shapesize (stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
stone.speed("slow")
stone.hideturtle()
stone = 0
stone += 9
stonestring = "Stone: %s" % stone
penstone1.write (stonestring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
penstone1.clear()
penstone1.write (stonestring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
if isCollision(player, stone):
wn.onkeypress(stonebreak, "space")
stone.hideturtle()
def stone1break():
stone1 = turtle.Turtle ()
stone1.shape ("circle")
stone1.color ("gray")
stone1.penup ()
stone1.setposition (-200, 140)
stone1.shapesize (stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
stone1.speed("slow")
stone1.hideturtle()
stone = 0
stone += 9
stonestring = "Stone: %s" % stone
penstone1.write (stonestring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
penstone1.clear()
penstone1.write (stonestring, False, align="left", font=("system", 15, "normal"))
if isCollision(player, stone1):
wn.onkeypress(stone1break, "space")
stone1.hideturtle()
wn.mainloop()
我正在努力做到这一点，以便您在 2 次或更多次点击 目标后获得材料。
首先，您不应该在每次发生碰撞时都设置 onkeypress() 事件处理程序。尝试以其他方式处理它：
def checkCollisions():
if isCollision(player, stone1):
stone1break()
if isCollision(player, stone2):
stone2break()
...
wn.onkeypress(checkCollisions, "space")
这段代码和所有函数定义都应该放在主 (while True:) 循环之前。
然后，您将需要游戏对象的一些状态。简单的方法是添加变量 stone1strength=2，stone2strength=2，...，并在相应的 stonebreak() 函数中减少它们，在强度低于 1 后清除石头。
我很喜欢你的努力。它让我想起了我的第一个游戏编程步骤。 :)
下一步可能是重写代码以将石头对象存储到列表中并迭代它们而不是处理数十个 stoneX 变量...
首先，我没有发现每次检测到碰撞时设置 onkeypress() 处理程序有问题。其次，你的代码一团糟！例如，你有两个不相关的同名全局变量，stone 得分值和 stone 乌龟：
stone = 0
# ...
stone = turtle.Turtle()
你 shape 和 shapesize() 无论如何永远看不见的 pen 乌龟。这里发生了什么：
wood = 2
wood += 3
这会发生多次，使您的分数保持在固定值而不是增加。试图在确切位置检测海龟是徒劳的：
if player.xcor() == 180 and player.ycor() == 140:
当玩家一次移动 20 个像素时，这是一个浮点平面。而且 turtle 有一个 distance() 方法，没有理由重新发明它。
我相信@BoboDarph 的状态机建议是一个很好的建议。下面是我对你的代码进行的返工和简化，它做了一些更简单的事情。第一次触摸石头或树时，它只是改变了颜色。之后，您开始赚取积分：
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
FONT = ('system', 15, 'normal')
# Movement features
def player_left():
player.setheading(180)
x = player.xcor() - 20
if x < -360:
x = -360
player.setx(x)
def player_right():
player.setheading(0)
x = player.xcor() + 20
if x > 360:
x = + 360
player.setx(x)
def player_down():
player.setheading(270)
y = player.ycor() - 20
if y < -275:
y = - 275
player.sety(y)
def player_up():
player.setheading(90)
y = player.ycor() + 20
if y > 275:
y = + 275
player.sety(y)
def isCollision(t1, t2):
return t1.distance(t2) < 25
def tree_touch():
tree.color('dark green')
tree.touched = True
def tree_break():
global wood
screen.onkeypress(None, 'space')
tree.color('brown')
wood += 2
woodstring = "Wood: %s" % wood
pen_wood.clear()
pen_wood.write(woodstring, align='left', font=FONT)
def stone_touch():
rock.color('gray')
rock.touched = True
def stone_break():
global stone
screen.onkeypress(None, 'space')
rock.color('light gray')
stone += 9
stonestring = "Stone: %s" % stone
pen_stone.clear()
pen_stone.write(stonestring, align='left', font=FONT)
# Turtles
screen = Screen()
screen.setup(800, 600)
screen.bgcolor('black')
screen.title("Catcher")
screen.tracer(0)
pen_wood = Turtle()
pen_wood.hideturtle()
pen_wood.color('white')
pen_wood.penup()
pen_wood.goto(-280, 275)
wood = 0
wood_string = "Wood: %s" %wood
pen_wood.write(wood_string, align='left', font=FONT)
pen_stone = Turtle()
pen_stone.hideturtle()
pen_stone.color('white')
pen_stone.penup()
pen_stone.goto(-200, 275)
stone = 0
stone_string = "Stone: %s" %stone
pen_stone.write(stone_string, align='left', font=FONT)
pen = Turtle()
pen.hideturtle()
pen.shape('circle')
pen.color('white')
pen.penup()
pen.setposition(360, 275)
pen.pendown()
pen.setposition(360, -275)
pen.setposition(-360, -275)
pen.setposition(-360, 275)
pen.setposition(360, 275)
rock = Turtle()
rock.shape('circle')
rock.color('dark gray')
rock.penup()
rock.setposition(-220, 180)
rock.shapesize(stretch_wid=2, stretch_len=3)
rock.touched = False
tree = Turtle()
tree.shape('circle')
tree.color('green')
tree.penup()
tree.setposition(200, 140)
tree.touched = False
player = Turtle()
player.hideturtle()
player.shape('triangle')
player.speed('fastest')
player.color('white')
player.setheading(180)
player.penup()
player.setx(180)
player.showturtle()
screen.onkeypress(player_left, 'Left')
screen.onkeypress(player_right, 'Right')
screen.onkeypress(player_up, 'Up')
screen.onkeypress(player_down, 'Down')
screen.listen()
while True:
if isCollision(player, tree):
if tree.touched:
screen.onkeypress(tree_break, "space")
else:
screen.onkeypress(tree_touch, "space")
elif isCollision(player, rock):
if rock.touched:
screen.onkeypress(stone_break, "space")
else:
screen.onkeypress(stone_touch, "space")
else:
screen.onkeypress(None, "space")
screen.update()
screen.mainloop() # never reached
待办事项
优雅地结合了多棵树和石头。
将
isCollision()中的固定值25改为计算出的值 基于对象的shapesize()用函数和定时事件替换
while True:循环。