f2py 无法确定表达式类型 - 我该如何解决？
f2py can't determine expression type - how do I fix this?
我试图用 f2py 包装一些 Fortran 代码，但出现以下错误：
Reading fortran codes...
Reading file 'first_fn_prog.f90' (format:fix)
Line #8 in first_fn_prog.f90:" parameter (a = -1.d+0/2.72d+0) "
determineexprtype: could not determine expressions ('-1.d+0/2.72d+0') type.
analyzeline: Failed to evaluate '-1.d+0/2.72d+0'. Ignoring: invalid syntax (<string>, line 1)
我说的代码在这里：
subroutine show(t)
real*8 T
write (*,*) 'T = ', t
end
subroutine shout()
real*8 a
parameter (a = -1.d+0/2.72d+0)
write (*,*) 'SHOUT SHOUT!'
call show(a)
end
program circle
real*8 a, c
integer b
common /data/ arr1(19)
write (*,*) 'Enter a:'
read (*,*) a
write (*,*) 'Enter b'
read (*,*) b
c = a + dble(b)
call shout()
end
如果我换行
real*8 a
parameter (a = -1.d+0/2.72d+0)
到
real*8 a
a = -1.d+0/2.72d+0
'a'var中提到的表达式没有错误。此外，我已经测试了构建有错误和没有错误的两个模块，似乎在这两种情况下 'a' var 中计算的值是相同的。所以我假设这个错误不会影响任何东西，但我仍然需要解决这个问题。
此外，如果我用一个简单的值替换 1.d+0/2.72d+0，比如：
real*8 a
parameter (a = 3)
f2py 也没有显示任何错误。
我能用它做什么？
完整的 f2py 包装日志如下所示：
f2py -c first_fn_prog.f90 -m ft
running build
running config_cc
unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options
running config_fc
unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options
running build_src
build_src
building extension "ft" sources
f2py options: []
f2py:> /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ftmodule.c
creating /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5
Reading fortran codes...
Reading file 'first_fn_prog.f90' (format:fix)
Line #8 in first_fn_prog.f90:" parameter (a = -1.d+0/2.72d+0) "
determineexprtype: could not determine expressions ('-1.d+0/2.72d+0') type.
analyzeline: Failed to evaluate '-1.d+0/2.72d+0'. Ignoring: invalid syntax (<string>, line 1)
Post-processing...
Block: ft
Block: show
Block: shout
Block: circle
Post-processing (stage 2)...
Building modules...
Building module "ft"...
Constructing wrapper function "show"...
show(t)
Constructing wrapper function "shout"...
shout()
Constructing COMMON block support for "data"...
arr1
Wrote C/API module "ft" to file "/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ftmodule.c"
Fortran 77 wrappers are saved to "/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ft-f2pywrappers.f"
adding '/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/fortranobject.c' to sources.
adding '/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5' to include_dirs.
copying /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/f2py/src/fortranobject.c -> /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5
copying /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/f2py/src/fortranobject.h -> /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5
adding '/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ft-f2pywrappers.f' to sources.
build_src: building npy-pkg config files
running build_ext
customize UnixCCompiler
customize UnixCCompiler using build_ext
get_default_fcompiler: matching types: '['gnu95', 'intel', 'lahey', 'pg', 'absoft', 'nag', 'vast', 'compaq', 'intele', 'intelem', 'gnu', 'g95', 'pathf95', 'nagfor']'
customize Gnu95FCompiler
Found executable /usr/bin/gfortran
customize Gnu95FCompiler
customize Gnu95FCompiler using build_ext
building 'ft' extension
compiling C sources
C compiler: x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC
creating /tmp/tmp3axmu237/tmp
creating /tmp/tmp3axmu237/tmp/tmp3axmu237
creating /tmp/tmp3axmu237/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5
compile options: '-I/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5 -I/home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python3.5m -c'
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc: /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ftmodule.c
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc: /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/fortranobject.c
In file included from /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h:1822:0,
from /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:12,
from /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayobject.h:4,
from /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/fortranobject.h:13,
from /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ftmodule.c:15:
/home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h:17:2: warning: #warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it with " "#define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION" [-Wcpp]
#warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it with " \
^
In file included from /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h:1822:0,
from /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:12,
from /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayobject.h:4,
from /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/fortranobject.h:13,
from /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/fortranobject.c:2:
/home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h:17:2: warning: #warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it with " "#define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION" [-Wcpp]
#warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it with " \
^
compiling Fortran sources
Fortran f77 compiler: /usr/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -ffixed-form -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
Fortran f90 compiler: /usr/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
Fortran fix compiler: /usr/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -ffixed-form -fno-second-underscore -Wall -g -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
compile options: '-I/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5 -I/home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python3.5m -c'
gfortran:fix: first_fn_prog.f90
gfortran:f77: /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ft-f2pywrappers.f
/usr/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -Wall -g -shared /tmp/tmp3axmu237/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ftmodule.o /tmp/tmp3axmu237/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/fortranobject.o /tmp/tmp3axmu237/first_fn_prog.o /tmp/tmp3axmu237/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ft-f2pywrappers.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5 -lgfortran -o ./ft.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
Removing build directory /tmp/tmp3axmu237
已解决
避免上述错误的最简单方法是在没有 "parameter" 语句的情况下声明一个变量并为其赋值。
以我对 Fortran 的了解不足，我能决定的最好的事情就是避免使用 'parameter' 语句并按照以下步骤操作：
real*8 a
a = -1.d+0/2.72d+0
不确定 Fortran 以这种方式声明常量是否至关重要，但我想这对我的目的是有用的。
更新
下面的构造
REAL*8, PARAMETER :: A=-1.d+0/2.72d+0
即使在使用 Fortran77 编译器编译文件时也能正常工作。感谢 francescalus。
我试图用 f2py 包装一些 Fortran 代码，但出现以下错误：
Reading fortran codes...
Reading file 'first_fn_prog.f90' (format:fix)
Line #8 in first_fn_prog.f90:" parameter (a = -1.d+0/2.72d+0) "
determineexprtype: could not determine expressions ('-1.d+0/2.72d+0') type.
analyzeline: Failed to evaluate '-1.d+0/2.72d+0'. Ignoring: invalid syntax (<string>, line 1)
我说的代码在这里：
subroutine show(t)
real*8 T
write (*,*) 'T = ', t
end
subroutine shout()
real*8 a
parameter (a = -1.d+0/2.72d+0)
write (*,*) 'SHOUT SHOUT!'
call show(a)
end
program circle
real*8 a, c
integer b
common /data/ arr1(19)
write (*,*) 'Enter a:'
read (*,*) a
write (*,*) 'Enter b'
read (*,*) b
c = a + dble(b)
call shout()
end
如果我换行
real*8 a
parameter (a = -1.d+0/2.72d+0)
到
real*8 a
a = -1.d+0/2.72d+0
'a'var中提到的表达式没有错误。此外，我已经测试了构建有错误和没有错误的两个模块，似乎在这两种情况下 'a' var 中计算的值是相同的。所以我假设这个错误不会影响任何东西，但我仍然需要解决这个问题。
此外，如果我用一个简单的值替换 1.d+0/2.72d+0，比如：
real*8 a
parameter (a = 3)
f2py 也没有显示任何错误。
我能用它做什么？
完整的 f2py 包装日志如下所示：
f2py -c first_fn_prog.f90 -m ft
running build
running config_cc
unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options
running config_fc
unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options
running build_src
build_src
building extension "ft" sources
f2py options: []
f2py:> /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ftmodule.c
creating /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5
Reading fortran codes...
Reading file 'first_fn_prog.f90' (format:fix)
Line #8 in first_fn_prog.f90:" parameter (a = -1.d+0/2.72d+0) "
determineexprtype: could not determine expressions ('-1.d+0/2.72d+0') type.
analyzeline: Failed to evaluate '-1.d+0/2.72d+0'. Ignoring: invalid syntax (<string>, line 1)
Post-processing...
Block: ft
Block: show
Block: shout
Block: circle
Post-processing (stage 2)...
Building modules...
Building module "ft"...
Constructing wrapper function "show"...
show(t)
Constructing wrapper function "shout"...
shout()
Constructing COMMON block support for "data"...
arr1
Wrote C/API module "ft" to file "/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ftmodule.c"
Fortran 77 wrappers are saved to "/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ft-f2pywrappers.f"
adding '/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/fortranobject.c' to sources.
adding '/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5' to include_dirs.
copying /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/f2py/src/fortranobject.c -> /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5
copying /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/f2py/src/fortranobject.h -> /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5
adding '/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ft-f2pywrappers.f' to sources.
build_src: building npy-pkg config files
running build_ext
customize UnixCCompiler
customize UnixCCompiler using build_ext
get_default_fcompiler: matching types: '['gnu95', 'intel', 'lahey', 'pg', 'absoft', 'nag', 'vast', 'compaq', 'intele', 'intelem', 'gnu', 'g95', 'pathf95', 'nagfor']'
customize Gnu95FCompiler
Found executable /usr/bin/gfortran
customize Gnu95FCompiler
customize Gnu95FCompiler using build_ext
building 'ft' extension
compiling C sources
C compiler: x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC
creating /tmp/tmp3axmu237/tmp
creating /tmp/tmp3axmu237/tmp/tmp3axmu237
creating /tmp/tmp3axmu237/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5
compile options: '-I/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5 -I/home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python3.5m -c'
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc: /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ftmodule.c
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc: /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/fortranobject.c
In file included from /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h:1822:0,
from /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:12,
from /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayobject.h:4,
from /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/fortranobject.h:13,
from /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ftmodule.c:15:
/home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h:17:2: warning: #warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it with " "#define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION" [-Wcpp]
#warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it with " \
^
In file included from /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h:1822:0,
from /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:12,
from /home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayobject.h:4,
from /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/fortranobject.h:13,
from /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/fortranobject.c:2:
/home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h:17:2: warning: #warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it with " "#define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION" [-Wcpp]
#warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it with " \
^
compiling Fortran sources
Fortran f77 compiler: /usr/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -ffixed-form -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
Fortran f90 compiler: /usr/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
Fortran fix compiler: /usr/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -ffixed-form -fno-second-underscore -Wall -g -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
compile options: '-I/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5 -I/home/veniamin/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python3.5m -c'
gfortran:fix: first_fn_prog.f90
gfortran:f77: /tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ft-f2pywrappers.f
/usr/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -Wall -g -shared /tmp/tmp3axmu237/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ftmodule.o /tmp/tmp3axmu237/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/fortranobject.o /tmp/tmp3axmu237/first_fn_prog.o /tmp/tmp3axmu237/tmp/tmp3axmu237/src.linux-x86_64-3.5/ft-f2pywrappers.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5 -lgfortran -o ./ft.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
Removing build directory /tmp/tmp3axmu237
已解决
避免上述错误的最简单方法是在没有 "parameter" 语句的情况下声明一个变量并为其赋值。
以我对 Fortran 的了解不足，我能决定的最好的事情就是避免使用 'parameter' 语句并按照以下步骤操作：
real*8 a
a = -1.d+0/2.72d+0
不确定 Fortran 以这种方式声明常量是否至关重要，但我想这对我的目的是有用的。
更新
下面的构造
REAL*8, PARAMETER :: A=-1.d+0/2.72d+0
即使在使用 Fortran77 编译器编译文件时也能正常工作。感谢 francescalus。