列出 windows 路线 table

Question

我想列出来自 windows 路线 table 的条目。与 route print 的输出相同。我使用 IP Helper API 中的 GetIpForwardTable2 函数。但是我得到了一些与 route 命令输出不同的奇怪结果。我运行它在 Windows 7 64 位的 VirtualBox 中，我有 3 个网卡（NAT、网桥和内部网络），并使用以下命令在 cygwin 下编译它：

gcc -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0601 -DNTDDI_VERSION=0x06010000 win-iproute.c -liphlpapi

_WIN32_WINNT 和 NTDDI_VERSION 只是为了使 Win7 的功能可用。为了简单起见，我现在只考虑ipv4。

代码如下：

#include <windows.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <Mstcpip.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  DWORD retval;
  MIB_IPFORWARD_TABLE2 *routes = NULL;
  MIB_IPFORWARD_ROW2 *route;
  int idx;

  retval = GetIpForwardTable2(AF_INET, &routes);
  if (retval != ERROR_SUCCESS)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "GetIpForwardTable2 failed (0x%x)\n.", retval);
    return 1;
  }

  printf("Route entries count: %lu\n", routes->NumEntries);

  for (idx = 0; idx < routes->NumEntries; idx++)
  {
    printf("\n -- Entry #%d -- \n", idx);
    route = routes->Table + idx;
    printf("luid: \t\t Reserved: %u, NetLuidIndex %u, IfType %u\n",
      route->InterfaceLuid.Info.Reserved,
      route->InterfaceLuid.Info.NetLuidIndex,
      route->InterfaceLuid.Info.IfType);
    printf("protocol: \t %lu\n", route->Protocol);
    printf("origin: \t %lu\n", route->Origin);
    printf("loopback: \t %lu\n", route->Loopback);
    printf("next hop: \t %s\n", inet_ntoa(route->NextHop.Ipv4.sin_addr));
    printf("site prefix length: \t %u\n", route->SitePrefixLength);
    printf("prefix length: \t %u\n", route->DestinationPrefix.PrefixLength);
    printf("prefix : \t %s\n", inet_ntoa(route->DestinationPrefix.Prefix.Ipv4.sin_addr));
  }

  return 0;
}

输出为：

Route entries count: 22

 -- Entry #0 --
luid:            Reserved: 0, NetLuidIndex 6, IfType 6
protocol:        0
origin:          0
loopback:        0
next hop:        0.0.0.0
site prefix length:      0
prefix length:   0
prefix :         0.0.0.0

 -- Entry #1 --
luid:            Reserved: 0, NetLuidIndex 0, IfType 0
protocol:        0
origin:          0
loopback:        0
next hop:        0.0.0.0
site prefix length:      0
prefix length:   3
prefix :         0.0.0.0

 -- Entry #2 --
luid:            Reserved: 0, NetLuidIndex 0, IfType 0
protocol:        4294967295
origin:          257
loopback:        0
next hop:        0.0.0.0
site prefix length:      0
prefix length:   10
prefix :         0.1.0.0

 -- Entry #3 --
luid:            Reserved: 17, NetLuidIndex 0, IfType 0
protocol:        11
origin:          0
loopback:        2
next hop:        0.0.0.0
site prefix length:      17
prefix length:   0
prefix :         2.0.0.0

 -- Entry #4 --
luid:            Reserved: 0, NetLuidIndex 0, IfType 0
protocol:        32
origin:          0
loopback:        2
next hop:        0.1.0.0
site prefix length:      0
prefix length:   255
prefix :         2.0.0.0

 -- Entry #5 --
luid:            Reserved: 0, NetLuidIndex 0, IfType 0
protocol:        0
origin:          256
loopback:        255
next hop:        0.0.0.0
site prefix length:      0
prefix length:   11
prefix :         255.255.255.255

 -- Entry #6 --
luid:            Reserved: 3, NetLuidIndex 65792, IfType 0
protocol:        201326592
origin:          2
loopback:        0
next hop:        0.0.0.0
site prefix length:      3
prefix length:   24
prefix :         0.0.6.0

 -- Entry #7 --
luid:            Reserved: 5855577, NetLuidIndex 89, IfType 0
protocol:        0
origin:          2
loopback:        0
next hop:        0.1.0.0
site prefix length:      89
prefix length:   0
prefix :         0.0.0.0

 -- Entry #8 --
luid:            Reserved: 0, NetLuidIndex 0, IfType 0
protocol:        0
origin:          4294967295
loopback:        0
next hop:        2.0.0.0
site prefix length:      0
prefix length:   0
prefix :         0.0.0.0

 -- Entry #9 --
luid:            Reserved: 16777215, NetLuidIndex 65791, IfType 0
protocol:        593
origin:          1572864
loopback:        0
next hop:        2.0.0.0
site prefix length:      255
prefix length:   0
prefix :         0.0.0.0

 -- Entry #10 --
luid:            Reserved: 1, NetLuidIndex 512, IfType 0
protocol:        0
origin:          0
loopback:        0
next hop:        255.255.255.255
site prefix length:      1
prefix length:   0
prefix :         0.0.0.0

 -- Entry #11 --
luid:            Reserved: 4, NetLuidIndex 512, IfType 0
protocol:        0
origin:          0
loopback:        0
next hop:        0.0.6.0
site prefix length:      4
prefix length:   81
prefix :         0.0.0.0

 -- Entry #12 --
luid:            Reserved: 0, NetLuidIndex 16776960, IfType 65535
protocol:        3
origin:          1
loopback:        0
next hop:        0.0.0.0
site prefix length:      0
prefix length:   0
prefix :         0.1.0.0

 -- Entry #13 --
luid:            Reserved: 0, NetLuidIndex 12, IfType 6
protocol:        4294967295
origin:          0
loopback:        0
next hop:        0.0.0.0
site prefix length:      0
prefix length:   0
prefix :         0.0.0.0

 -- Entry #14 --
luid:            Reserved: 0, NetLuidIndex 0, IfType 0
protocol:        0
origin:          0
loopback:        0
next hop:        0.0.0.0
site prefix length:      0
prefix length:   3
prefix :         0.0.0.0

 -- Entry #15 --
luid:            Reserved: 0, NetLuidIndex 0, IfType 0
protocol:        4294967295
origin:          257
loopback:        0
next hop:        0.0.0.0
site prefix length:      0
prefix length:   255
prefix :         0.1.0.0

 -- Entry #16 --
luid:            Reserved: 585, NetLuidIndex 0, IfType 0
protocol:        3449440
origin:          0
loopback:        0
next hop:        0.0.0.0
site prefix length:      73
prefix length:   0
prefix :         2.0.0.0

 -- Entry #17 --
luid:            Reserved: 3211321, NetLuidIndex 13056, IfType 65
protocol:        3342403
origin:          4325427
loopback:        49
next hop:        125.0.0.0
site prefix length:      53
prefix length:   68
prefix :         54.0.45.0

 -- Entry #18 --
luid:            Reserved: 3473453, NetLuidIndex 17408, IfType 54
protocol:        0
origin:          0
loopback:        0
next hop:        0.0.0.0
site prefix length:      0
prefix length:   0
prefix :         70.0.69.0

 -- Entry #19 --
luid:            Reserved: 0, NetLuidIndex 0, IfType 0
protocol:        7471205
origin:          7274610
loopback:        0
next hop:        115.0.97.0
site prefix length:      111
prefix length:   0
prefix :         0.0.0.0

 -- Entry #20 --
luid:            Reserved: 7274611, NetLuidIndex 26112, IfType 116
protocol:        3277144
origin:          50725
loopback:        0
next hop:        49.69.55.56
site prefix length:      51
prefix length:   56
prefix :         65.0.100.0

 -- Entry #21 --
luid:            Reserved: 3277144, NetLuidIndex 0, IfType 0
protocol:        0
origin:          0
loopback:        0
next hop:        0.0.0.0
site prefix length:      192
prefix length:   0
prefix :         16.0.0.0

route print -4 的输出如下：

===========================================================================
Interface List
 16...08 00 27 7e 98 16 ......Intel(R) PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter #3
 14...08 00 27 86 3d 31 ......Intel(R) PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter #2
 11...08 00 27 42 d2 16 ......Intel(R) PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter
  1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1
 12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter
 13...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface
 15...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2
 17...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #3
===========================================================================

IPv4 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination        Netmask          Gateway       Interface  Metric
          0.0.0.0          0.0.0.0         10.0.2.2        10.0.2.15     10
          0.0.0.0          0.0.0.0       10.0.0.138        10.0.0.36     10
         10.0.0.0    255.255.255.0         On-link         10.0.0.36    266
        10.0.0.36  255.255.255.255         On-link         10.0.0.36    266
       10.0.0.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         10.0.0.36    266
         10.0.2.0    255.255.255.0         On-link         10.0.2.15    266
        10.0.2.15  255.255.255.255         On-link         10.0.2.15    266
       10.0.2.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         10.0.2.15    266
       89.89.89.0    255.255.255.0         On-link       89.89.89.89    266
      89.89.89.89  255.255.255.255         On-link       89.89.89.89    266
     89.89.89.255  255.255.255.255         On-link       89.89.89.89    266
        127.0.0.0        255.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
        127.0.0.1  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
  127.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link         10.0.2.15    266
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link         10.0.0.36    266
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link       89.89.89.89    266
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         10.0.2.15    266
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         10.0.0.36    266
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link       89.89.89.89    266
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
  None

代码输出中有很多奇怪的东西。许多条目具有未记录的值，例如：

Protocol应该在1-14范围内（几乎没有条目有这样的值）
Luid.IfType 不应该是 0（同样几乎所有都是零）
几乎不入给任何合理Prefix

这里有描述MIB_IPFORWARD_ROW2 and here NET_LUID

我应该忽略那些无效值吗？如果是的话，有效的在哪里？还是我做错了什么？

我还发现，当我启动 Windows 时拔下电缆，它会提供更少的条目（这是有道理的）。然后我插入电缆并添加条目。但是当我再次拔掉插头时，它们仍然在那里。 route 命令按预期工作，拔下电缆后条目减少。

当我尝试旧函数 GetIpForwardTable 时它起作用了。但是不支持ipv6.

Answer 1

看来是cygwin的问题。当我使用 Microsoft C 编译器 cl.ex 编译示例代码时，它按预期工作。在更新 cygwin 后，它也可以使用 gcc 编译。有趣的是，使用 cygwin 安装程序更新软件包就足够了，cygwin1.dll 可以保留在旧版本中。

列出 windows 路线 table

List windows route table

c

windows

routing

windows-networking

iphelper