在 nixos 中，如何为 nix 语言获取 vim 语法高亮显示？
In nixos, how to get vim syntax highlighting for the nix language?
我正在尝试为 nix 语言添加 vim 语法突出显示，并且一直在尝试使用 this github 存储库来做到这一点。
在该存储库中，我找到了 nix.vim file。我已经尝试按照存储库的 'manual installation' 说明将其放置在 ~/.vim 中，但这并没有使颜色出现。
自那次尝试以来，我一直试图通过更改我的 /etc/nixos/configuration.nix 文件来获得语法着色，并且本着这种精神一直试图理解 this documentation。因此，我在我的配置文件中添加了这个 programs.vim 代码块，
programs.vim = {
enable = true;
extraConfig = ''
'';
};
并将整个 nix.vim 文件的内容粘贴到 programs.vim.extraConfig 部分的字符串中。因此添加到我的 configuration.nix 的块是：
programs.vim = {
enable = true;
extraConfig = ''
" Vim syntax file
" Language: Nix
" Maintainer: Daiderd Jordan <daiderd@gmail.com>
" URL: https://github.com/LnL7/vim-nix
if exists("b:current_syntax")
finish
endif
syn keyword nixBoolean true false
syn keyword nixNull null
syn keyword nixRecKeyword rec
syn keyword nixOperator or
syn match nixOperator '!=\|!'
syn match nixOperator '<=\?'
syn match nixOperator '>=\?'
syn match nixOperator '&&'
syn match nixOperator '//\='
syn match nixOperator '=='
syn match nixOperator '?'
syn match nixOperator '||'
syn match nixOperator '++\='
syn match nixOperator '-'
syn match nixOperator '\*'
syn match nixOperator '->'
syn match nixParen '[()]'
syn match nixInteger '\d\+'
syn keyword nixTodo FIXME NOTE TODO OPTIMIZE XXX HACK contained
syn match nixComment '#.*' contains=nixTodo,@Spell
syn region nixComment start=+/\*+ end=+\*/+ contains=nixTodo,@Spell
syn region nixInterpolation matchgroup=nixInterpolationDelimiter start="${" end="}" contained contains=@nixExpr,nixInterpolationParam
syn match nixSimpleStringSpecial /\\%([nrt"\$]\|$\)/ contained
syn match nixStringSpecial /''['$]/ contained
syn match nixStringSpecial /$$/ contained
syn match nixStringSpecial /''\[nrt]/ contained
syn match nixInvalidSimpleStringEscape /\[^nrt"\$]/ contained
syn match nixInvalidStringEscape /''\[^nrt]/ contained
syn region nixSimpleString matchgroup=nixStringDelimiter start=+"+ skip=+\"+ end=+"+ contains=nixInterpolation,nixSimpleStringSpecial,nixInvalidSimpleStringEscape
syn region nixString matchgroup=nixStringDelimiter start=+''+ skip=+''['$\]+ end=+''+ contains=nixInterpolation,nixStringSpecial,nixInvalidStringEscape
syn match nixFunctionCall "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*"
syn match nixPath "[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]*\%(/[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]\+\)\+"
syn match nixHomePath "\~\%(/[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]\+\)\+"
syn match nixSearchPath "[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]\+\%(\/[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]\+\)*" contained
syn match nixPathDelimiter "[<>]" contained
syn match nixSearchPathRef "<[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]\+\%(\/[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]\+\)*>" contains=nixSearchPath,nixPathDelimiter
syn match nixURI "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9.+-]*:[a-zA-Z0-9%/?:@&=$,_.!~*'+-]\+"
syn match nixAttributeDot "\." contained
syn match nixAttribute "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\ze\%([^a-zA-Z0-9_'.-]\|$\)" contained
syn region nixAttributeAssignment start="=" end="\ze;" contained contains=@nixExpr
syn region nixAttributeDefinition start=/\ze[a-zA-Z_"$]/ end=";" contained contains=nixComment,nixAttribute,nixInterpolation,nixSimpleString,nixAttributeDot,nixAttributeAssignment
syn region nixInheritAttributeScope start="(" end=")" contained contains=nixComment,nixAttributeDot
syn region nixAttributeDefinition matchgroup=nixInherit start="\<inherit\>" end=";" contained contains=nixComment,nixInheritAttributeScope,nixAttribute
syn region nixAttributeSet start="{" end="}" contains=nixComment,nixAttributeDefinition
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn region nixArgumentDefinitionWithDefault matchgroup=nixArgumentDefinition start="[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\ze\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*?\@=" matchgroup=NONE end="[,}]\@=" transparent contained contains=@nixExpr
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn match nixArgumentDefinition "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\ze\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*[,}]\@=" contained
syn match nixArgumentEllipsis "\.\.\." contained
syn match nixArgumentSeparator "," contained
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn match nixArgOperator '@\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*:'he=s+1 contained contains=nixAttribute
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn match nixArgOperator '[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*@'hs=e-1 contains=nixAttribute nextgroup=nixFunctionArgument
" This is a bit more complicated, because function arguments can be passed in a
" very similar form on how attribute sets are defined and two regions with the
" same start patterns will shadow each other. Instead of a region we could use a
" match on {\_.\{-\}}, which unfortunately doesn't take nesting into account.
"
" So what we do instead is that we look forward until we are sure that it's a
" function argument. Unfortunately, we need to catch comments and both vertical
" and horizontal white space, which the following regex should hopefully do:
"
" "\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*"
"
" It is also used throught the whole file and is marked with 'v's as well.
"
" Fortunately the matching rules for function arguments are much simpler than
" for real attribute sets, because we can stop when we hit the first ellipsis or
" default value operator, but we also need to paste the "whitespace & comments
" eating" regex all over the place (marked with 'v's):
"
" Region match 1: { foo ? ... } or { foo, ... } or { ... } (ellipsis)
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv {----- identifier -----}vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn region nixFunctionArgument start="{\ze\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*\%([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*[,?}]\|\.\.\.\)" end="}" contains=nixComment,nixArgumentDefinitionWithDefault,nixArgumentDefinition,nixArgumentEllipsis,nixArgumentSeparator nextgroup=nixArgOperator
" Now it gets more tricky, because we need to look forward for the colon, but
" there could be something like "{}@foo:", even though it's highly unlikely.
"
" Region match 2: {}
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv@vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv{----- identifier -----} vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn region nixFunctionArgument start="{\ze\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*}\%(\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*@\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\)\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*:" end="}" contains=nixComment nextgroup=nixArgOperator
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn match nixSimpleFunctionArgument "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\ze\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*:/\@!"
syn region nixList matchgroup=nixListBracket start="\[" end="\]" contains=@nixExpr
syn region nixLetExpr matchgroup=nixLetExprKeyword start="\<let\>" end="\<in\>" contains=nixComment,nixAttributeDefinition
syn keyword nixIfExprKeyword then contained
syn region nixIfExpr matchgroup=nixIfExprKeyword start="\<if\>" end="\<else\>" contains=@nixExpr,nixIfExprKeyword
syn region nixWithExpr matchgroup=nixWithExprKeyword start="\<with\>" matchgroup=NONE end=";" contains=@nixExpr
syn region nixAssertExpr matchgroup=nixAssertKeyword start="\<assert\>" matchgroup=NONE end=";" contains=@nixExpr
syn cluster nixExpr contains=nixBoolean,nixNull,nixOperator,nixParen,nixInteger,nixRecKeyword,nixConditional,nixBuiltin,nixSimpleBuiltin,nixComment,nixFunctionCall,nixFunctionArgument,nixSimpleFunctionArgument,nixPath,nixHomePath,nixSearchPathRef,nixURI,nixAttributeSet,nixList,nixSimpleString,nixString,nixLetExpr,nixIfExpr,nixWithExpr,nixAssertExpr,nixInterpolation
" These definitions override @nixExpr and have to come afterwards:
syn match nixInterpolationParam "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\%(\.[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\)*" contained
" Non-namespaced Nix builtins as of version 2.0:
syn keyword nixSimpleBuiltin
\ abort baseNameOf derivation derivationStrict dirOf fetchGit
\ fetchMercurial fetchTarball import isNull map placeholder removeAttrs
\ scopedImport throw toString
" Namespaced and non-namespaced Nix builtins as of version 2.0:
syn keyword nixNamespacedBuiltin contained
\ abort add addErrorContext all any attrNames attrValues baseNameOf
\ catAttrs compareVersions concatLists concatStringsSep currentSystem
\ currentTime deepSeq derivation derivationStrict dirOf div elem elemAt
\ fetchGit fetchMercurial fetchTarball fetchurl filter \ filterSource
\ findFile foldl' fromJSON functionArgs genList \ genericClosure getAttr
\ getEnv hasAttr hasContext hashString head import intersectAttrs isAttrs
\ isBool isFloat isFunction isInt isList isNull isString langVersion
\ length lessThan listToAttrs map match mul nixPath nixVersion
\ parseDrvName partition path pathExists placeholder readDir readFile
\ removeAttrs replaceStrings scopedImport seq sort split splitVersion
\ storeDir storePath stringLength sub substring tail throw toFile toJSON
\ toPath toString toXML trace tryEval typeOf unsafeDiscardOutputDependency
\ unsafeDiscardStringContext unsafeGetAttrPos valueSize
syn match nixBuiltin "builtins\.[a-zA-Z']\+"he=s+9 contains=nixComment,nixNamespacedBuiltin
hi def link nixArgOperator Operator
hi def link nixArgumentDefinition Identifier
hi def link nixArgumentEllipsis Operator
hi def link nixAssertKeyword Keyword
hi def link nixAttribute Identifier
hi def link nixAttributeDot Operator
hi def link nixBoolean Boolean
hi def link nixBuiltin Special
hi def link nixComment Comment
hi def link nixConditional Conditional
hi def link nixHomePath Include
hi def link nixIfExprKeyword Keyword
hi def link nixInherit Keyword
hi def link nixInteger Integer
hi def link nixInterpolation Macro
hi def link nixInterpolationDelimiter Delimiter
hi def link nixInterpolationParam Macro
hi def link nixInvalidSimpleStringEscape Error
hi def link nixInvalidStringEscape Error
hi def link nixLetExprKeyword Keyword
hi def link nixNamespacedBuiltin Special
hi def link nixNull Constant
hi def link nixOperator Operator
hi def link nixPath Include
hi def link nixPathDelimiter Delimiter
hi def link nixRecKeyword Keyword
hi def link nixSearchPath Include
hi def link nixSimpleBuiltin Keyword
hi def link nixSimpleFunctionArgument Identifier
hi def link nixSimpleString String
hi def link nixSimpleStringSpecial SpecialChar
hi def link nixString String
hi def link nixStringDelimiter Delimiter
hi def link nixStringSpecial Special
hi def link nixTodo Todo
hi def link nixURI Include
hi def link nixWithExprKeyword Keyword
" This could lead up to slow syntax highlighting for large files, but usually
" large files such as all-packages.nix are one large attribute set, so if we'd
" use sync patterns we'd have to go back to the start of the file anyway
syn sync fromstart
let b:current_syntax = "nix"
'';
};
由于双引号 '' 过早地结束了 nix 字符串，所以 syn match nixStringSpecial /''['$]/ contained 这行给我带来了问题。
此时我不确定是否应该在这里尝试解决字符串定界问题，或者尝试其他方法。这是在为在我的 nixos 机器上工作的 nix 语言获取 vim 突出显示的正确轨道吗？
TL;DR
将插件文件放在正确的运行时路径目录中。
一个包解决方案是
# git clone https://github.com/LnL7/vim-nix ~/.vim/pack/nix-stuff/start/vim-nix
如果您使用 git 版本 .vim 并希望使用子模块，请相应地进行调整。
总结 Plugin layout in the dark ages 和 :h runtimepath，vim 在运行时路径的以下位置查找插件脚本：
filetype.vim filetypes by file name |new-filetype|
scripts.vim filetypes by file contents |new-filetype-scripts|
autoload/ automatically loaded scripts |autoload-functions|
colors/ color scheme files |:colorscheme|
compiler/ compiler files |:compiler|
doc/ documentation |write-local-help|
ftplugin/ filetype plugins |write-filetype-plugin|
indent/ indent scripts |indent-expression|
keymap/ key mapping files |mbyte-keymap|
lang/ menu translations |:menutrans|
menu.vim GUI menus |menu.vim|
pack/ packages |:packadd|
plugin/ plugin scripts |write-plugin|
print/ files for printing |postscript-print-encoding|
spell/ spell checking files |spell|
syntax/ syntax files |mysyntaxfile|
tutor/ files for vimtutor |tutor|
注意某些位置如何具有语义含义：语法与文件类型与通用的“始终加载”插件。
现在，将所有插件文件放到正确的位置很棘手：
In the past, when you wanted to use a plugin someone else wrote you would download the files and place them, one-by-one, into the appropriate directories. You could also use zip or tar to do the placing for you.
There are a few significant problems with this approach:
What happens when you want to update a plugin? You can overwrite the old files, but how do you know if the author deleted a file that you now need to delete by hand?
What if two plugins happen to have a file with the same name (like utils.vim or something generic like that)? Sometimes you can simply rename it, but if it's in autoload/ or another directory where the names matter you've got to edit the plugin yourself. Not fun.
People came up with several hacks to try to make things easier, like Vimballs. Luckily we don't need to suffer through these ugly hacks any more. (A New Hope, Steve Losh)
结果是 github 上的大多数 vim 插件都是在 'runtimepath' 条目之后构建的。他们根据需要提供语法、ftplugin 或编译器目录。
Pre vim-8，标准解决方案是众多插件管理器之一（给它一个 Google；有很多）。我最喜欢的是来自 Tim Pope 的病原体，因为它与子模块一起工作得非常优雅。
从 vim-8 开始，我开始使用包，您可以在 :h packages.
阅读有关包的信息
正如上面的评论中已经提到的，让它工作的解决方案如下：
nix.vim 语法文件需要放在 ~/.vim/syntax 目录中，并且需要将以下行添加到 .vimrc：
au BufRead,BufNewFile *.nix set filetype=nix
此行确保 vim 识别 .nix 文件的文件类型并激活正确的语法突出显示。
我正在尝试为 nix 语言添加 vim 语法突出显示，并且一直在尝试使用 this github 存储库来做到这一点。
在该存储库中，我找到了 nix.vim file。我已经尝试按照存储库的 'manual installation' 说明将其放置在 ~/.vim 中，但这并没有使颜色出现。
自那次尝试以来，我一直试图通过更改我的 /etc/nixos/configuration.nix 文件来获得语法着色，并且本着这种精神一直试图理解 this documentation。因此，我在我的配置文件中添加了这个 programs.vim 代码块，
programs.vim = {
enable = true;
extraConfig = ''
'';
};
并将整个 nix.vim 文件的内容粘贴到 programs.vim.extraConfig 部分的字符串中。因此添加到我的 configuration.nix 的块是：
programs.vim = {
enable = true;
extraConfig = ''
" Vim syntax file
" Language: Nix
" Maintainer: Daiderd Jordan <daiderd@gmail.com>
" URL: https://github.com/LnL7/vim-nix
if exists("b:current_syntax")
finish
endif
syn keyword nixBoolean true false
syn keyword nixNull null
syn keyword nixRecKeyword rec
syn keyword nixOperator or
syn match nixOperator '!=\|!'
syn match nixOperator '<=\?'
syn match nixOperator '>=\?'
syn match nixOperator '&&'
syn match nixOperator '//\='
syn match nixOperator '=='
syn match nixOperator '?'
syn match nixOperator '||'
syn match nixOperator '++\='
syn match nixOperator '-'
syn match nixOperator '\*'
syn match nixOperator '->'
syn match nixParen '[()]'
syn match nixInteger '\d\+'
syn keyword nixTodo FIXME NOTE TODO OPTIMIZE XXX HACK contained
syn match nixComment '#.*' contains=nixTodo,@Spell
syn region nixComment start=+/\*+ end=+\*/+ contains=nixTodo,@Spell
syn region nixInterpolation matchgroup=nixInterpolationDelimiter start="${" end="}" contained contains=@nixExpr,nixInterpolationParam
syn match nixSimpleStringSpecial /\\%([nrt"\$]\|$\)/ contained
syn match nixStringSpecial /''['$]/ contained
syn match nixStringSpecial /$$/ contained
syn match nixStringSpecial /''\[nrt]/ contained
syn match nixInvalidSimpleStringEscape /\[^nrt"\$]/ contained
syn match nixInvalidStringEscape /''\[^nrt]/ contained
syn region nixSimpleString matchgroup=nixStringDelimiter start=+"+ skip=+\"+ end=+"+ contains=nixInterpolation,nixSimpleStringSpecial,nixInvalidSimpleStringEscape
syn region nixString matchgroup=nixStringDelimiter start=+''+ skip=+''['$\]+ end=+''+ contains=nixInterpolation,nixStringSpecial,nixInvalidStringEscape
syn match nixFunctionCall "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*"
syn match nixPath "[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]*\%(/[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]\+\)\+"
syn match nixHomePath "\~\%(/[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]\+\)\+"
syn match nixSearchPath "[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]\+\%(\/[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]\+\)*" contained
syn match nixPathDelimiter "[<>]" contained
syn match nixSearchPathRef "<[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]\+\%(\/[a-zA-Z0-9._+-]\+\)*>" contains=nixSearchPath,nixPathDelimiter
syn match nixURI "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9.+-]*:[a-zA-Z0-9%/?:@&=$,_.!~*'+-]\+"
syn match nixAttributeDot "\." contained
syn match nixAttribute "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\ze\%([^a-zA-Z0-9_'.-]\|$\)" contained
syn region nixAttributeAssignment start="=" end="\ze;" contained contains=@nixExpr
syn region nixAttributeDefinition start=/\ze[a-zA-Z_"$]/ end=";" contained contains=nixComment,nixAttribute,nixInterpolation,nixSimpleString,nixAttributeDot,nixAttributeAssignment
syn region nixInheritAttributeScope start="(" end=")" contained contains=nixComment,nixAttributeDot
syn region nixAttributeDefinition matchgroup=nixInherit start="\<inherit\>" end=";" contained contains=nixComment,nixInheritAttributeScope,nixAttribute
syn region nixAttributeSet start="{" end="}" contains=nixComment,nixAttributeDefinition
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn region nixArgumentDefinitionWithDefault matchgroup=nixArgumentDefinition start="[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\ze\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*?\@=" matchgroup=NONE end="[,}]\@=" transparent contained contains=@nixExpr
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn match nixArgumentDefinition "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\ze\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*[,}]\@=" contained
syn match nixArgumentEllipsis "\.\.\." contained
syn match nixArgumentSeparator "," contained
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn match nixArgOperator '@\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*:'he=s+1 contained contains=nixAttribute
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn match nixArgOperator '[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*@'hs=e-1 contains=nixAttribute nextgroup=nixFunctionArgument
" This is a bit more complicated, because function arguments can be passed in a
" very similar form on how attribute sets are defined and two regions with the
" same start patterns will shadow each other. Instead of a region we could use a
" match on {\_.\{-\}}, which unfortunately doesn't take nesting into account.
"
" So what we do instead is that we look forward until we are sure that it's a
" function argument. Unfortunately, we need to catch comments and both vertical
" and horizontal white space, which the following regex should hopefully do:
"
" "\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*"
"
" It is also used throught the whole file and is marked with 'v's as well.
"
" Fortunately the matching rules for function arguments are much simpler than
" for real attribute sets, because we can stop when we hit the first ellipsis or
" default value operator, but we also need to paste the "whitespace & comments
" eating" regex all over the place (marked with 'v's):
"
" Region match 1: { foo ? ... } or { foo, ... } or { ... } (ellipsis)
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv {----- identifier -----}vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn region nixFunctionArgument start="{\ze\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*\%([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*[,?}]\|\.\.\.\)" end="}" contains=nixComment,nixArgumentDefinitionWithDefault,nixArgumentDefinition,nixArgumentEllipsis,nixArgumentSeparator nextgroup=nixArgOperator
" Now it gets more tricky, because we need to look forward for the colon, but
" there could be something like "{}@foo:", even though it's highly unlikely.
"
" Region match 2: {}
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv@vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv{----- identifier -----} vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn region nixFunctionArgument start="{\ze\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*}\%(\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*@\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\)\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*:" end="}" contains=nixComment nextgroup=nixArgOperator
" vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
syn match nixSimpleFunctionArgument "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\ze\%(\s\|#.\{-\}\n\|\n\|/\*\_.\{-\}\*/\)*:/\@!"
syn region nixList matchgroup=nixListBracket start="\[" end="\]" contains=@nixExpr
syn region nixLetExpr matchgroup=nixLetExprKeyword start="\<let\>" end="\<in\>" contains=nixComment,nixAttributeDefinition
syn keyword nixIfExprKeyword then contained
syn region nixIfExpr matchgroup=nixIfExprKeyword start="\<if\>" end="\<else\>" contains=@nixExpr,nixIfExprKeyword
syn region nixWithExpr matchgroup=nixWithExprKeyword start="\<with\>" matchgroup=NONE end=";" contains=@nixExpr
syn region nixAssertExpr matchgroup=nixAssertKeyword start="\<assert\>" matchgroup=NONE end=";" contains=@nixExpr
syn cluster nixExpr contains=nixBoolean,nixNull,nixOperator,nixParen,nixInteger,nixRecKeyword,nixConditional,nixBuiltin,nixSimpleBuiltin,nixComment,nixFunctionCall,nixFunctionArgument,nixSimpleFunctionArgument,nixPath,nixHomePath,nixSearchPathRef,nixURI,nixAttributeSet,nixList,nixSimpleString,nixString,nixLetExpr,nixIfExpr,nixWithExpr,nixAssertExpr,nixInterpolation
" These definitions override @nixExpr and have to come afterwards:
syn match nixInterpolationParam "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\%(\.[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*\)*" contained
" Non-namespaced Nix builtins as of version 2.0:
syn keyword nixSimpleBuiltin
\ abort baseNameOf derivation derivationStrict dirOf fetchGit
\ fetchMercurial fetchTarball import isNull map placeholder removeAttrs
\ scopedImport throw toString
" Namespaced and non-namespaced Nix builtins as of version 2.0:
syn keyword nixNamespacedBuiltin contained
\ abort add addErrorContext all any attrNames attrValues baseNameOf
\ catAttrs compareVersions concatLists concatStringsSep currentSystem
\ currentTime deepSeq derivation derivationStrict dirOf div elem elemAt
\ fetchGit fetchMercurial fetchTarball fetchurl filter \ filterSource
\ findFile foldl' fromJSON functionArgs genList \ genericClosure getAttr
\ getEnv hasAttr hasContext hashString head import intersectAttrs isAttrs
\ isBool isFloat isFunction isInt isList isNull isString langVersion
\ length lessThan listToAttrs map match mul nixPath nixVersion
\ parseDrvName partition path pathExists placeholder readDir readFile
\ removeAttrs replaceStrings scopedImport seq sort split splitVersion
\ storeDir storePath stringLength sub substring tail throw toFile toJSON
\ toPath toString toXML trace tryEval typeOf unsafeDiscardOutputDependency
\ unsafeDiscardStringContext unsafeGetAttrPos valueSize
syn match nixBuiltin "builtins\.[a-zA-Z']\+"he=s+9 contains=nixComment,nixNamespacedBuiltin
hi def link nixArgOperator Operator
hi def link nixArgumentDefinition Identifier
hi def link nixArgumentEllipsis Operator
hi def link nixAssertKeyword Keyword
hi def link nixAttribute Identifier
hi def link nixAttributeDot Operator
hi def link nixBoolean Boolean
hi def link nixBuiltin Special
hi def link nixComment Comment
hi def link nixConditional Conditional
hi def link nixHomePath Include
hi def link nixIfExprKeyword Keyword
hi def link nixInherit Keyword
hi def link nixInteger Integer
hi def link nixInterpolation Macro
hi def link nixInterpolationDelimiter Delimiter
hi def link nixInterpolationParam Macro
hi def link nixInvalidSimpleStringEscape Error
hi def link nixInvalidStringEscape Error
hi def link nixLetExprKeyword Keyword
hi def link nixNamespacedBuiltin Special
hi def link nixNull Constant
hi def link nixOperator Operator
hi def link nixPath Include
hi def link nixPathDelimiter Delimiter
hi def link nixRecKeyword Keyword
hi def link nixSearchPath Include
hi def link nixSimpleBuiltin Keyword
hi def link nixSimpleFunctionArgument Identifier
hi def link nixSimpleString String
hi def link nixSimpleStringSpecial SpecialChar
hi def link nixString String
hi def link nixStringDelimiter Delimiter
hi def link nixStringSpecial Special
hi def link nixTodo Todo
hi def link nixURI Include
hi def link nixWithExprKeyword Keyword
" This could lead up to slow syntax highlighting for large files, but usually
" large files such as all-packages.nix are one large attribute set, so if we'd
" use sync patterns we'd have to go back to the start of the file anyway
syn sync fromstart
let b:current_syntax = "nix"
'';
};
由于双引号 '' 过早地结束了 nix 字符串，所以 syn match nixStringSpecial /''['$]/ contained 这行给我带来了问题。
此时我不确定是否应该在这里尝试解决字符串定界问题，或者尝试其他方法。这是在为在我的 nixos 机器上工作的 nix 语言获取 vim 突出显示的正确轨道吗？
TL;DR
将插件文件放在正确的运行时路径目录中。
一个包解决方案是
# git clone https://github.com/LnL7/vim-nix ~/.vim/pack/nix-stuff/start/vim-nix
如果您使用 git 版本 .vim 并希望使用子模块，请相应地进行调整。
总结 Plugin layout in the dark ages 和 :h runtimepath，vim 在运行时路径的以下位置查找插件脚本：
filetype.vim filetypes by file name |new-filetype|
scripts.vim filetypes by file contents |new-filetype-scripts|
autoload/ automatically loaded scripts |autoload-functions|
colors/ color scheme files |:colorscheme|
compiler/ compiler files |:compiler|
doc/ documentation |write-local-help|
ftplugin/ filetype plugins |write-filetype-plugin|
indent/ indent scripts |indent-expression|
keymap/ key mapping files |mbyte-keymap|
lang/ menu translations |:menutrans|
menu.vim GUI menus |menu.vim|
pack/ packages |:packadd|
plugin/ plugin scripts |write-plugin|
print/ files for printing |postscript-print-encoding|
spell/ spell checking files |spell|
syntax/ syntax files |mysyntaxfile|
tutor/ files for vimtutor |tutor|
注意某些位置如何具有语义含义：语法与文件类型与通用的“始终加载”插件。
现在，将所有插件文件放到正确的位置很棘手：
In the past, when you wanted to use a plugin someone else wrote you would download the files and place them, one-by-one, into the appropriate directories. You could also use
ziportarto do the placing for you.There are a few significant problems with this approach:
What happens when you want to update a plugin? You can overwrite the old files, but how do you know if the author deleted a file that you now need to delete by hand?
What if two plugins happen to have a file with the same name (like utils.vim or something generic like that)? Sometimes you can simply rename it, but if it's in autoload/ or another directory where the names matter you've got to edit the plugin yourself. Not fun.
People came up with several hacks to try to make things easier, like Vimballs. Luckily we don't need to suffer through these ugly hacks any more. (A New Hope, Steve Losh)
结果是 github 上的大多数 vim 插件都是在 'runtimepath' 条目之后构建的。他们根据需要提供语法、ftplugin 或编译器目录。
Pre vim-8，标准解决方案是众多插件管理器之一（给它一个 Google；有很多）。我最喜欢的是来自 Tim Pope 的病原体，因为它与子模块一起工作得非常优雅。
从 vim-8 开始，我开始使用包，您可以在 :h packages.
正如上面的评论中已经提到的，让它工作的解决方案如下：
nix.vim 语法文件需要放在 ~/.vim/syntax 目录中，并且需要将以下行添加到 .vimrc：
au BufRead,BufNewFile *.nix set filetype=nix
此行确保 vim 识别 .nix 文件的文件类型并激活正确的语法突出显示。