数组维度不同时如何计算表达式

How to evaluate an expression when array dimensions are different

我想评估以下功能:

inclination=np.pi/6

def power(inclination,phi):
    h1=1.7 
    h2=0.5 
    D = np.arange(0.5, 12.0, 0.1)
    r = np.sqrt((h1-h2)**2 + D**2)
    freq = 865.7 
    lmb = 300/freq 
    H = D**2/(D**2+2*h1*h2)
    theta = 4*np.pi*h1*h2/(lmb*D)
    q_e = H**2*(np.sin(theta))**2 + (1 - H*np.cos(theta))**2
    sigma = 1.94
    N_1 = np.random.normal(0,sigma,D.shape)
    rnd = 10**(-N_1/10)
    F = 10 
    power=0.2
    alpha=inclination + np.arcsin((h1-h2)/r)
    gain=3.136*(np.tan(alpha)*np.sin(np.pi/2*np.cos(alpha)*np.sin(phi)))**2
    y=10*np.log10( 1000*(power*gain*1.622*((lmb)**2) *0.5*1) / (((4*np.pi*r)**2) *1.2*1*F)*q_e*rnd )
    return y

问题是调用函数returns出错。

phi=np.arange(-np.pi/2, np.pi/2, np.pi/32)
power(np.pi/6,phi)

ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-32-268e3287b75a> in <module>()
----> 1 power(np.pi/6,phi)

<ipython-input-30-4b89d23682ce> in power(inclination, phi)
     19 
     20     alpha=inclination + np.arcsin((h1-h2)/r)
---> 21     gain=3.136*(np.tan(alpha)*np.sin(np.pi/2*np.cos(alpha)*np.sin(phi)))**2
     22     print(gain)
     23     y=10*np.log10( 1000*(power*gain*1.622*((lmb)**2) *0.5*1) / (((4*np.pi*r)**2) *1.2*1*F)*q_e*rnd )

ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (115,) (32,) 

可能是因为它抱怨 gain 行中的操作具有不同维度的矩阵 alphaphi。 问题是我想使用不同的矩阵维度,并保存一个 txt 文件,其中第一列是 r,第二列是 phi,第三列是 y 的值].

您需要向其中一个数组添加维度才能启用 broadcasting

>>> alpha = np.ones(115, dtype=np.uint8)
>>> phi = np.ones(32, dtype=np.uint8)

>>> c = alpha[:,None] * phi
>>> alpha.shape, alpha[:,None].shape, phi.shape, c.shape
((115,), (115, 1), (32,), (115, 32))

假设 alpha.shape(115,): `

>>> gain=3.136*(np.tan(alpha[:,None])*np.sin(np.pi/2*np.cos(alpha[:,None])*np.sin(phi)))**2
>>> gain.shape
(115, 32)