如何将我的 PyGame 游戏拆分成单独的文件？

Question

我正在向一群超级聪明的年轻爱好者教授每两周一次的编码 class。我们已经介绍了 OOP 并使用 OOP 创建了一个基于文本的冒险。

现在我打算教 PyGame 并继续使用对象，我想知道是否可以将每个对象的代码放在一个单独的文件中来构建游戏？，这将是非常整洁，更容易构建。

好吧，对于下面的代码，我尝试为每个对象创建单独的文件。这只是部分成功，因为 draw 方法从来没有很好地工作，我相信我不能有单独的文件引用相同的 pygame 屏幕的问题。

import pygame
import random
import time

# Define some colors
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLUE = (0,0,255)

SCREEN_WIDTH = 700
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 500
pygame.init()

class Paddle:
    '''Class to keep players location'''
    def __init__(self,x=350, y=480, width =70,height=20):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.change_x = 0
        self.change_y = 0
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.score = 0

    def move(self):
        self.x += self.change_x
        self.y += self.change_y

    def draw(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLUE, [self.x,self.y, self.width, self.height])

    def check_collision(self,ball):
        if ball.y>460:
            if abs(35+ self.x - ball.x) < 30:
                self.score += 1
                ball.draw(BLUE)
                ball.y = 0
                ball.x = random.randint(0,650)
                ball.change_y = random.randint(2,3+int(self.score/5))

class Ball:
    """Class to keep track of a ball's location and vector."""
    def __init__(self,x=350,y=250,size=25):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.change_x = 0
        self.change_y = 0
        self.size = size

    def move(self):
        self.x += self.change_x
        self.y += self.change_y

    def draw(self,colour = WHITE):
        pygame.draw.circle(screen,WHITE, [self.x, self.y], self.size)


# Set the height and width of the screen
size = [SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT]
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
pygame.display.set_caption("Bouncing Balls")
done = False
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
screen.fill(BLACK)
ball = Ball()
player = Paddle()
ball.change_y = 2
ball.draw()

while not done:
    screen.fill(BLACK)
    # --- Event Processing
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            done = True
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                pass
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                player.change_x = -5
            if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                player.change_x = 5
        else:
            ball.change_x = 0
            player.change_x = 0

    if ball.y > 500:
        print('YOUR SCORE: ',player.score)
        time.sleep(2)
        pygame.quit()
    #move ball and player and check if they collide
    ball.move()
    player.move()
    player.check_collision(ball)
    #draw ball and player
    ball.draw()
    player.draw()

    #render frame
    clock.tick(60)
    pygame.display.flip()

# Print score and exit
print('YOUR SCORE: ',player.score)
pygame.quit()

当我有单独的文件时，这是我遇到的与屏幕相关的错误

line 20, in draw
   pygame.draw.circle(screen,WHITE, [self.x, self.y], self.size)
NameError: name 'screen' is not defined

Answer 1

向类Paddle和Ball的draw()方法添加一个surface参数，并在传递给的表面上绘制对象方法：

class Paddle:
    # [...]

    def draw(self, surface):
        pygame.draw.rect(surface, BLUE, [self.x,self.y, self.width, self.height])

class Ball:
    # [...]

    def draw(self, surface, colour = WHITE):
        pygame.draw.circle(surface, colour, [self.x, self.y], self.size)

现在您可以在任意 pygame.Surface 上绘制对象，例如screen:

ball.draw(screen)
player.draw(screen)

如何将我的 PyGame 游戏拆分成单独的文件？

How do I break up my PyGame game into separate files?

python

pygame

file-management