如何为散点图上的每个点添加标签？ Matplotlib

Question

首先 post 在这里。开始使用 python 中的 NFLScrapr 包，并尝试创建一个散点图来显示一些信息。现在散点图只显示点，但我想知道是否有办法根据相应的数据为每个图添加标签？

从此开始

league_rushing_success = data.loc[(data['play_type']=='run') & (data['down']<=4)].groupby(by='posteam')[['epa','success','yards_gained']].mean()

尝试用这个作图

#Make x and y variables for success rate data
x = league_rushing_success['success'].values
y = league_rushing_success['epa'].values
types = league_rushing_success['posteam'].values

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,10))

#Make a scatter plot with success rate data
ax.scatter(x, y,)

#Adding labels and text
ax.set_xlabel('Rush Success Rate', fontsize=14)
ax.set_ylabel('EPA', fontsize=14)
ax.set_title('Rush Success Rate and EPA', fontsize=18)
ax.text(.46, .39, 'Running Backs Dont Matter', fontsize=10, alpha=.7)

for i,type in enumerate(types):
    x = x_coords[i]
    y = y_coords[i]
    plt.scatter(x, y, marker='x', color='red')
    plt.text(x+0.3, y+0.3, type, fontsize=9)

我得到的错误是

KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)
//anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py in get_loc(self, key, method, tolerance)
   2656             try:
-> 2657                 return self._engine.get_loc(key)
   2658             except KeyError:

pandas/_libs/index.pyx in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()

pandas/_libs/index.pyx in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()

pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item()

pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item()

KeyError: 'posteam'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-81-ebdc88aed0ac> in <module>
      2 x = league_rushing_success['success'].values
      3 y = league_rushing_success['epa'].values
----> 4 types = league_rushing_success['posteam'].values
      5 
      6 fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,10))

//anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/core/frame.py in __getitem__(self, key)
   2925             if self.columns.nlevels > 1:
   2926                 return self._getitem_multilevel(key)
-> 2927             indexer = self.columns.get_loc(key)
   2928             if is_integer(indexer):
   2929                 indexer = [indexer]

//anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py in get_loc(self, key, method, tolerance)
   2657                 return self._engine.get_loc(key)
   2658             except KeyError:
-> 2659                 return self._engine.get_loc(self._maybe_cast_indexer(key))
   2660         indexer = self.get_indexer([key], method=method, tolerance=tolerance)
   2661         if indexer.ndim > 1 or indexer.size > 1:

pandas/_libs/index.pyx in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()

pandas/_libs/index.pyx in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()

pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item()

pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item()

KeyError: 'posteam'

Answer 1

这一行给你一个错误，因为 posteam 是一个索引：

# error
types = league_rushing_success['posteam'].values

# try this
types = league_rushing_success.reset_index()['posteam'].values

从你的代码中也不是很清楚 x_coords 和 y_coords 的意思（并且也会给你一个错误）：

for i,type in enumerate(types):
    x = x_coords[i] # would give name 'x_coords' is not defined
    y = y_coords[i] # 'y_coords' is not defined

如果您想为绘图添加标签，查看 matplotlib.pyplot.annotate

可能是个好主意

# I would use something like this instead of `plt.text`
for i, txt in enumerate(types):
    ax.annotate(txt, (x[i], y[i]), xytext=(10,10), textcoords='offset points')
    plt.scatter(x, y, marker='x', color='red')

总结一下：

x = league_rushing_success['success'].values
y = league_rushing_success['epa'].values
types = league_rushing_success.reset_index()['posteam'].values

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,10))
ax.scatter(x, y)

ax.set_xlabel('Rush Success Rate', fontsize=14)
ax.set_ylabel('EPA', fontsize=14)
ax.set_title('Rush Success Rate and EPA', fontsize=18)

for i, txt in enumerate(types):
    ax.annotate(txt, (x[i], y[i]), xytext=(10,10), textcoords='offset points')
    plt.scatter(x, y, marker='x', color='red')

点数随机生成，但剧情风格应该是一样的。

希望对您有所帮助。

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