Angular8中如何使用服务实现行为主体

How to implement behavior subject using service in Angular 8

我是 Angular 的新手,我遇到了问题。

我正在创建一个包含多个同级组件的应用程序。当我更新一个组件中的值时,其他组件不会更新。我知道要解决这个问题,我应该使用 行为主题 。但是我如何使用我的服务、组件和所有模板来实现它?

这是我的代码 -

---------------------我的服务------------ --------------

//import


@Injectable() 
export class CoachService {

    apiURL = environment.apiURL;

    constructor(private http: HttpClient ) { }

    coachProfile(token :string)
    {  
    return this.http.post<any>(this.apiURL+'/coach/profile_infos',{
      token: token
      })        
    }

    updateProfile(info: any, token: string, us_id: string) {
      return this.http.post<any[]>(this.apiURL + '/coach/update_profile', {
        token: token,
        us_id: us_id,
        us_lang: info.us_lang,
        us_firstname: info.us_firstname,
        us_lastname: info.us_lastname,
        us_sex: info.us_sex,
        us_birthdate: info.us_birthdate,
        us_national_number : info.us_national_number,
        us_email: info.us_email,
        us_gsm: info.us_gsm,        
        online_profile: info.online_profile,          
        us_address: info.us_address,
        us_zip: info.us_zip,
        us_city: info.us_city,
        country:{
          id: info.country.id
        }
        })

    } 

}

------------一个component.ts--------------------

//import
//component decorator

export class CoordonneesComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {

private coachProfile;
  token: string = localStorage.getItem('token');
  us_id : string;
  us_lang: string; 
  infos_profile: any;
  online: any;


  constructor(private translate: TranslateService,private coachService: CoachService, private router: Router) { }

  ngOnInit() {

    this.coachProfile=this.coachService.coachProfile(this.token)
      .subscribe((data) => {
        this.infos_profile = data.results;
        this.online = this.infos_profile.online_profile;
        this.translate.use(this.infos_profile.us_lang)
        this.infos_profile.lang= this.infos_profile.us_lang;

      });

   .....
  }


updateCoordonees() {
  this.coachService.updateProfile(this.infos_profile, this.token, this.us_id)
    .subscribe((data: any) => {

      if(data.success && data.msg!=null)
      { 
  // do something
      }
      else
      {
       // do something
      }

    },
      (err) => {
        // do something
      });

}  



  ngOnDestroy() {
    this.countrieList.unsubscribe();
    this.coachProfile.unsubscribe();  
  }


}

首先创建一个BehaviourSubject

this._source = new BehaviourSubject<yourType>(initialValue);
this.source = this._source.asObservable();

定义函数 "update" BehaviourSubject

updateSource(newValue) {
    this._source.next(newValue)
}

现在在您的组件中订阅源代码

this.service.source.subscribe();

注意 behaviorSubject 总是需要一个初始值并发出最后一个值

文档:https://www.learnrxjs.io/subjects/behaviorsubject.html

如果你想分享来自httpRequest的数据你应该使用shareReplay()操作符,你可以从不同的组件订阅httpRequest并且请求一次并且数据将被分享

文档:https://www.learnrxjs.io/operators/multicasting/sharereplay.html

有几种方法可以做到这一点。此处描述了其中之一。

1) 像这样构建您的服务:

// ReplaySubject is more flexible than BehaviorSubject, as it
// allows you to define how many past emissions should be available.
// But you can get an equivalent code with BehaviorSubject by
// coding like this:
// private _coachProfile$: BehaviorSubject<any | null> = 
//    new BehaviorSubject<any | null>(null);
private _coachProfile$: ReplaySubject<any> = new ReplaySubject<any>(1);

coachProfile(token :string)
{  
  return this.http.post<any>(this.apiURL+'/coach/profile_infos',{
    token: token,
  }).subscribe((profile) => this._coachProfile$.next(profile));        
}

subscribeToGetCoachProfile$()
{  
  return this._coachProfile$.asObservable();       
}

2) 在您的组件中:

ngOnInit() {
  this.coachService.subscribeToGetCoachProfile$()
    .subscribe((profile) => this.coachProfile = profile);
}

您还可以想到其他方法,但鉴于您在问题中粘贴的示例代码,我认为这是更简单的方法。

附带说明:如果您在 Whosebug 上进行一些搜索,您会发现这个问题(或类似问题)已在此处被问过很多次。看一下,例如在另一种方法中:

我将向您展示一个简单的方法:

@Injectable() 
export class ProfileService {

    private profileObs$: BehaviorSubject<Profile> = new BehaviorSubject(null);

    getProfileObs(): Observable<Profile> {
        return this.profileObs$.asObservable();
    }

    setProfileObs(profile: Profile) {
        this.profileObs$.next(profile);
    }
}

现在,当您在应用程序的任何位置更新某些内容时,您可以通过 ProfileService 设置更改,每个订阅者都会收到更改。我建议您订阅 ngOnInit

ngOnInit() {
  this.profileService.getProfileObs().subscribe(profile => this.profile = profile);
}

永远不要忘记取消订阅可观察对象以防止内存泄漏!

您可以通过多种方式做到这一点 --> 在 ngOnDestroy() 中使用订阅和取消订阅,或者使用另一个主题并将其交付给 takeUntil,如下所示:

unsubscribe$: Subject<boolean> = new Subject();

...

ngOnInit() {    
  this.profileService.getProfileObs()
                     .pipe(takeUntil(this.unsubscribe$))
                     .subscribe(profile => this.profile = profile);
}

ngOnDestroy() {
  this.unsubscribe$.next(true);
  this.unsubscribe$.complete();
}

以下是使用行为主题解决问题的方法:

@Injectable()
export class CoachService {
  apiURL = environment.apiURL;

  constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

  updateProfile(info, token, us_id): Observable<any> {
    return Observable.create((behaviorSubject: BehaviorSubject<any>) => {
      const requestData = {
        token: token,
        us_id: us_id,
        us_lang: info.us_lang,
        us_firstname: info.us_firstname,
        us_lastname: info.us_lastname,
        us_sex: info.us_sex,
        us_birthdate: info.us_birthdate,
        us_national_number: info.us_national_number,
        us_email: info.us_email,
        us_gsm: info.us_gsm,
        online_profile: info.online_profile,
        us_address: info.us_address,
        us_zip: info.us_zip,
        us_city: info.us_city,
        country: {
          id: info.country.id
        }
      };
      const url = [this.apiURL, '/coach/update_profile'].join('');

      return this.http.post(url, requestData).subscribe(
        data => {
          behaviorSubject.next(data);
        },
        err => {
          behaviorSubject.error(err);
          if (err && err.status === 401) {
            // Do some err handling
          }
        }
      );
    });
  }

}

现在,当您想要 post 数据并订阅您的行为主体的结果时,比如您在此处拥有的组件中,您只需:

 updateCoordonees() {
  this.coachService.updateProfile(this.infos_profile, this.token, this.us_id)
    .subscribe((data: any) => {

      if (data.success && data.msg != null) {
        // do something on success
      }

    },
      (err) => {
        // do some err handling
      });
}