Error: Could not find or load main class org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap

Question

我正在使用 cargo-maven2-plugin 到运行 tomcat 进行集成测试。使用 7x 容器时效果很好。我最近将它升级到 9x，它在 Ubuntu/Linux 机器上工作正常，但在 Mac（运行最新的 OS 版本）上不工作。

当我查看容器日志时，它列出了以下日志：

Error: Could not find or load main class org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
Listening for transport dt_socket at address: 7998
Error: Could not find or load main class org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap

当我查看货运日志时，它列出了以下日志：

The ' characters around the executable and arguments are
not part of the command.
[10:46:34.640][debug][talledLocalContainer]    +Task: java
[10:46:34.642][debug][talledLocalContainer] dropping /Users/myprojectpath/target/tomcat-9.0.22/bin/tomcat-juli.jar from path as it doesn't exist
[10:46:34.642][debug][talledLocalContainer] dropping /Users/myprojectpath/target/tomcat-9.0.22/bin/bootstrap.jar from path as it doesn't exist
[10:46:34.643][debug][talledLocalContainer] dropping /Users/myprojectpath/target/tomcat-9.0.22/bin/tomcat-juli.jar from path as it doesn't exist
[10:46:34.643][debug][talledLocalContainer] dropping /Users/myprojectpath/target/tomcat-9.0.22/bin/bootstrap.jar from path as it doesn't exist
[10:46:34.643][debug][talledLocalContainer] Executing '/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/bin/java' with arguments:
'-Xdebug'
'-Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=7998'
'-DprocessName=central'
'-Xms256m'
'-Xmx512m'
'-Dfile.encoding=utf-8'
'-Dhsqldb.database=/Users/myprojectpath/target/tomcat-9.0.22/tomcat/hsqldb/myprojectdbname'
'-Dhsqldb.dbname=myprojectdbname'
'-Dhsqldb.port=9001'
'-Duser.language=en'
'-Dcatalina.home=/Users/myprojectpath/target/tomcat-9.0.22'
'-Dcatalina.base=/Users/myprojectpath/target/tomcat-9.0.22/tomcat'
'-Djava.io.tmpdir=/Users/myprojectpath/target/tomcat-9.0.22/tomcat/temp'
'-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager'
'-Djava.util.logging.config.file=/Users/myprojectpath/target/tomcat-9.0.22/tomcat/conf/logging.properties'
'-classpath'
'/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar'
'org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap'
'start'

这是插件的 configuration/setup：

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
  <artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
  <configuration>
      <configuration>
          <properties>
              <cargo.wait>false</cargo.wait>
              <cargo.jvmargs>${jvm.debug.options} -DprocessName=central -Xms256m -Xmx512m -Dfile.encoding=utf-8 -Dhsqldb.database=${catalina.home}/hsqldb/myprojectdbname -Dhsqldb.dbname=myprojectdbname -Dhsqldb.port=9001 -Duser.language=en</cargo.jvmargs>
          </properties>
      </configuration>
      <deployables>
      ....
      </deployables>
      </configuration>
  <executions>
      <execution>
          <id>start-container</id>
          <phase>package</phase>
          <goals>
              <goal>start</goal>
          </goals>
      </execution>
      <execution>
          <id>stop-container</id>
          <phase>post-integration-test</phase>
          <goals>
              <goal>stop</goal>
          </goals>
      </execution>
  </executions>
</plugin>

<profile>
    <id>tomcat9x</id>
    <activation>
        <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
    </activation>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
                <artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <container>
                        <containerId>tomcat9x</containerId>
                        <artifactInstaller>
                            <groupId>com.mycomapany.tomcat</groupId>
                            <artifactId>tomcat</artifactId>
                            <version>${catalina.version}</version>
                            <type>zip</type>
                            <extractDir>${project.build.directory}</extractDir>
                        </artifactInstaller>
                        <output>${project.build.directory}/container.log</output>
                        <append>false</append>
                        <log>${project.build.directory}/cargo.log</log>
                        <timeout>600000</timeout>
                    </container>
                    <configuration>
                        <type>existing</type>
                        <home>${catalina.home}</home>
                        <properties>
                            <cargo.servlet.port>${catalina.port}</cargo.servlet.port>
                            <cargo.logging>high</cargo.logging>
                        </properties>
                    </configuration>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</profile>
</profiles>
<properties>
<catalina.port>12345</catalina.port>
<catalina.home>${project.build.directory}/tomcat-${catalina.version}/tomcat</catalina.home>
<jvm.debug.options>-Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=7998</jvm.debug.options>
</properties>

Answer 1

我找到了问题的解决方案。

根据货物日志，类路径中的 tomcat-juli 和 bootstrap jar 都被丢弃了。那太好了。为什么要添加一个不存在的罐子？即这些罐子不在位置：/Users/myprojectpath/target/tomcat-9.0.22/bin

但是他们住在哪里呢？嗯，它们位于：/Users/myprojectpath/target/tomcat-9.0.22/tomcat/bin

进一步查看货物日志，java 任务是使用这些 jvm args 执行的，其中包括：

-Dcatalina.home=/Users/myprojectpath/target/tomcat-9.0.22
-Dcatalina.base=/Users/myprojectpath/target/tomcat-9.0.22/tomcat

现在连接点，tomcat-juli 和 bootstrap 罐子假设位于 catalina.home 但它们位于 catalina.base，不是吗？很容易修复，对吧？

那么catalina.home怎么设置呢？向 cargo.jvm.args 添加一个额外的参数？ Nää，没用。然后怎样呢？因为它是一个 maven cargo plugin/container 可能有一个配置？是的，<container> 下有一个叫做 <home>。最后！

仍然，我不知道为什么 ubuntu/linux 机器不需要此配置来运行本地 tomcat 容器进行集成测试。

但我确实理解 catalina.base 和 catalina.home 的目的 :)

Answer 2

我清理了项目，它又开始工作了。

Project -> Clean 将删除任何现有的 class 文件并完全重建项目。这里有关于 Eclipse 的 clean 函数的更多信息。

Error: Could not find or load main class org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap

Error: Could not find or load main class org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap

java

maven

tomcat

jvm

maven-cargo