我怎么知道哪个进程正在使用交换？

Question

我的 fedora 盒子里有很多内存可用（大约 4G）但是交换空间被使用了（200+M）。

我想知道哪个进程正在使用交换。我怎么知道。

ps和top只显示内存使用情况。

提前致谢。

Answer 1

来自here：

[a] /proc/meminfo - This file reports statistics about memory usage on the system. It is used by free to report the amount of free and used memory (both physical and swap) on the system as well as the shared memory and buffers used by the kernel. You can also use free, vmstat and other tools to find out the same information.

[b] /proc/${PID}/smaps, /proc/${PID}/status, and /proc/${PID}/stat : Use these files to find information about memory, pages and swap used by each process using its PID.

[c] smem - This command (python script) reports memory usage with shared memory divided proportionally.

也可以参考Find out what is using your swap

#!/bin/bash
# Get current swap usage for all running processes
# Erik Ljungstrom 27/05/2011
SUM=0
OVERALL=0
for DIR in `find /proc/ -maxdepth 1 -type d | egrep "^/proc/[0-9]"` ; do
PID=`echo $DIR | cut -d / -f 3`
PROGNAME=`ps -p $PID -o comm --no-headers`
for SWAP in `grep Swap $DIR/smaps 2>/dev/null| awk '{ print  }'`
do
let SUM=$SUM+$SWAP
done
echo "PID=$PID - Swap used: $SUM - ($PROGNAME )"
let OVERALL=$OVERALL+$SUM
SUM=0

done
echo "Overall swap used: $OVERALL"

Answer 2

在 /proc/'processPID'/status 上，您可以在字段 VmSwap 上找到该信息。

使用此命令，您可以列出所有正在使用交换的进程。

for file in /proc/*/status ; 
do 
awk '/VmSwap|Name/{printf  " " }END{ print ""}' $file; 
done

参考：http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-which-process-is-using-swap/

Answer 3

改进 cyberciti.biz 命令以显示更简洁的答案：

(echo "COMM PID SWAP"; for file in /proc/*/status ; do awk '/^Pid|VmSwap|Name/{printf  " " }END{ print ""}' $file; done | grep kB | grep -wv "0 kB" | sort -k 3 -n -r) | column -t

示例输出：

COMM             PID    SWAP  
dockerd          662    2736  kB
skypeforlinux    26865  1320  kB
NetworkManager   303    1112  kB
slim             392    1028  kB
redis-server     350    204   kB

Answer 4

我对使用 awk 输出按交换使用排序的 table 的看法：

  awk 'function pr(){if (s ~ /^[1-9]/) print p,n,s;n="";p="";s=""}BEGIN{FS="\t *";OFS="\t"}/^Name:/{pr();n=}/^VmSwap:/{s=}/^Pid:/{p=}END{pr()}' /proc/*/status | sort -t $'\t' -k3 -n -r | column -t -s $'\t'

示例输出：

  33992  httpd        13916 kB
  9331   httpd        10616 kB
  43124  httpd        1800 kB
  31353  httpd        592 kB
  8592   master       184 kB
  8606   crond        44 kB
  8653   mingetty     40 kB
  8655   mingetty     32 kB

基于 onadrianlzt 的回答。

我怎么知道哪个进程正在使用交换？

How can I know which process is using swap?

linux

memory

swap