为什么数据库数据没有被更新但对象却没有错误?
Why the database data is not being updated but object did and without error?
我有这个银行 ATM 模型应用程序,它实现了一些领域驱动设计架构和工作单元模式。
此应用程序有 3 个基本功能:
- 查看余额
- 存款
- 撤回
这些是项目图层:
ATM.Model(领域模型实体层)
namespace ATM.Model
{
public class BankAccount
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string AccountName { get; set; }
public decimal Balance { get; set; }
public decimal CheckBalance()
{
return Balance;
}
public void Deposit(int amount)
{
// Domain logic
Balance += amount;
}
public void Withdraw(int amount)
{
// Domain logic
//if(amount > Balance)
//{
// throw new Exception("Withdraw amount exceed account balance.");
//}
Balance -= amount;
}
}
}
namespace ATM.Model
{
public class Transaction
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public int BankAccountId { get; set; }
public DateTime TransactionDateTime { get; set; }
public TransactionType TransactionType { get; set; }
public decimal Amount { get; set; }
}
public enum TransactionType
{
Deposit, Withdraw
}
}
ATM.Persistence(持久层)
namespace ATM.Persistence.Context
{
public class AppDbContext : DbContext
{
protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"[connstring]");
}
public DbSet<BankAccount> BankAccounts { get; set; }
public DbSet<Transaction> Transactions { get; set; }
}
}
namespace ATM.Persistence.Repository
{
public class RepositoryBankAccount
{
public AppDbContext context { get; }
public RepositoryBankAccount()
{
context = new AppDbContext();
}
public BankAccount FindById(int bankAccountId)
{
return context.BankAccounts.Find(bankAccountId);
}
public void AddBankAccount(BankAccount account)
{
context.BankAccounts.Add(account);
}
public void UpdateBankAccount(BankAccount account)
{
context.Entry(account).State = EntityState.Modified;
}
}
}
namespace ATM.Persistence.Repository
{
public class RepositoryTransaction
{
private readonly AppDbContext context;
public RepositoryTransaction()
{
context = new AppDbContext();
}
public void AddTransaction(Transaction transaction)
{
context.Transactions.Add(transaction);
}
}
}
namespace ATM.Persistence.UnitOfWork
{
public class UnitOfWork : IUnitOfWork
{
private readonly AppDbContext db;
public UnitOfWork()
{
db = new AppDbContext();
}
private RepositoryBankAccount _BankAccounts;
public RepositoryBankAccount BankAccounts
{
get
{
if (_BankAccounts == null)
{
_BankAccounts = new RepositoryBankAccount();
}
return _BankAccounts;
}
}
private RepositoryTransaction _Transactions;
public RepositoryTransaction Transactions
{
get
{
if (_Transactions == null)
{
_Transactions = new RepositoryTransaction();
}
return _Transactions;
}
}
public void Dispose()
{
db.Dispose();
}
public int Commit()
{
return db.SaveChanges();
}
public void Rollback()
{
db
.ChangeTracker
.Entries()
.ToList()
.ForEach(x => x.Reload());
}
}
}
ATM.ApplicationService(应用层)
namespace ATM.ApplicationService
{
public class AccountService
{
private readonly UnitOfWork uow;
public AccountService()
{
uow = new UnitOfWork();
}
public void DepositAmount(BankAccount bankAccount, int amount)
{
bankAccount.Deposit(amount);
uow.BankAccounts.UpdateBankAccount(bankAccount);
var transaction = new Transaction()
{
BankAccountId = bankAccount.Id,
Amount = amount,
TransactionDateTime = DateTime.Now,
TransactionType = TransactionType.Deposit
};
uow.Transactions.AddTransaction(transaction);
try
{
uow.Commit();
}
catch
{
uow.Rollback();
}
finally
{
uow.Dispose();
}
}
public void WithdrawAmount(BankAccount bankAccount, int amount)
{
bankAccount.Withdraw(amount);
uow.BankAccounts.UpdateBankAccount(bankAccount);
//repoBankAccount.UpdateBankAccount(bankAccount);
var transaction = new Transaction()
{
BankAccountId = bankAccount.Id,
Amount = amount,
TransactionDateTime = DateTime.Now,
TransactionType = TransactionType.Withdraw
};
uow.Transactions.AddTransaction(transaction);
try
{
uow.Commit();
}
catch
{
uow.Rollback();
}
finally
{
uow.Dispose();
}
}
public decimal CheckBalanceAmount(int bankAccountId)
{
BankAccount bankAccount = uow.BankAccounts.FindById(bankAccountId);
return bankAccount.CheckBalance();
}
}
}
ATM.ConsoleUICore
namespace ATM.ConsoleUICore
{
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
AccountService accountService = new AccountService();
RepositoryBankAccount repoBankAccount = new RepositoryBankAccount();
var bankAccount = repoBankAccount.FindById(2);
Console.WriteLine("1. Check balance");
Console.WriteLine("2. Deposit");
Console.WriteLine("3. Withdraw");
Console.WriteLine("Enter option: ");
string opt = Console.ReadLine();
switch (opt)
{
case "1":
Console.WriteLine($"Your balance is ${bankAccount.CheckBalance()}");
break;
case "2":
// User to input amount.
// Data validation to make sure amount is greater than zero.
// Pass the input amount to Application layer.
accountService.DepositAmount(bankAccount, 50);
// After getting the operation status from Application service layer.
// Print operation status here: Either success or fail
Console.WriteLine("Deposit successfully");
break;
case "3":
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
我可以成功查看余额。对于选项 2,我可以毫无错误地执行 "Deposit" 选项。但是在数据库中,我的余额余额没有更新。交易也没有添加到数据库中。
如果我将 context.SaveChanges();
放回 UpdateBankAccount
方法中,它会起作用。它 returns 1. 但是,我使用 UoW 执行 SaveChanges()
。 SaveChanges()
确实在 UoW Commit 方法中执行,但数据库未反映其更改。 UoW Commit
方法 SaveChanges
returns 0.
可以在 Github repository 上找到完整的代码。
这里问题的核心是,正在创建两个 AppDbContext
实例来执行一个动作。在一个实例中进行了更改,在另一个实例中调用了 SaveChanges
。显然,它没有反映在底层数据库中。
我们现在将从下到上逐步检查您的代码。
在ATM.ConsoleUICore.Program.Main()
方法中,注意以下代码:
AccountService accountService = new AccountService();
...
...
...
accountService.DepositAmount(bankAccount, 50);
您正在创建 AccountService
的实例。在 AccountService
的构造函数中,您正在创建 UnitOfWork
的实例,如下所示:
private readonly UnitOfWork uow;
public AccountService()
{
uow = new UnitOfWork();
}
在 UnitOfWork
的构造函数中,您正在创建 AppDbContext
的实例(派生自 DbContext
)。
你也有 BankAccounts
属性 那里有一个 RepositoryBankAccount
的实例,如下所示:
private readonly AppDbContext db;
public UnitOfWork()
{
db = new AppDbContext();
}
...
...
...
private RepositoryBankAccount _BankAccounts;
public RepositoryBankAccount BankAccounts
{
get
{
if (_BankAccounts == null)
{
_BankAccounts = new RepositoryBankAccount();
}
return _BankAccounts;
}
}
现在问题...
在 RepositoryBankAccount
的构造函数中,您又 创建了 AppDbContext
的实例,如下所示:
public AppDbContext context { get; }
public RepositoryBankAccount()
{
context = new AppDbContext();
}
实际上,您假装在一个 UnitOfWork
实例下的操作作为一个数据库事务执行。但是,当您在存储库中创建 AppDbContext
的不同实例时,情况并非如此。您的工作单元与存储库分离。你必须连接它们。它应该在任何地方都是 AppDbContext
的相同实例。
那么,解决办法是什么?
不要在任何存储库中创建 AppDbContext
的实例。相反,从工作单元注入现有实例。
public AppDbContext context { get; }
public RepositoryBankAccount(AppDbContext appDbContext)//<==Inject the AppDbContext
{
context = appDbContext;//<==Do NOT create new instance here; assign the injected instance.
}
然后,在您的 UnitOfWork
class 中,将 属性 BankAccounts
更改如下:
private RepositoryBankAccount _BankAccounts;
public RepositoryBankAccount BankAccounts
{
get
{
if (_BankAccounts == null)
{
_BankAccounts = new RepositoryBankAccount(db);//<==Note that `db` means `AppDbContext` is injected
}
return _BankAccounts;
}
}
顺便说一句,避免所有这些不必要的包装纸。
看看这个 ,它解释了为什么不需要这样的包装器。
以防万一您决定继续现有设计,我已经在上面建议了一个解决方案。
此外,我建议您的一个工作单元应该是一个数据库事务。因此,您的数据库事务在您创建工作单元实例时开始,并在您处置它时结束(提交或回滚)。要么全部刷新到数据库,要么 none。在此期间发生的一切都应该是一个数据库事务的一部分。如有异常,将工作单元全部回滚
为任何数据库事务尝试这种格式。创建
的多个实例
public RepositoryTransaction()
{
context = new AppDbContext();
}
只是意味着您每次都创建实例并且它不会保存到数据库中。
using(AppDbContext db = new AppDbContext())
{
var transaction = new Transaction()
{
BankAccountId = bankAccount.Id,
Amount = amount,
TransactionDateTime = DateTime.Now,
TransactionType = TransactionType.Deposit
};
// save them back to the database
//Add new Employee to database
db.Transactions.InsertOnSubmit(transaction);
//Save changes to Database.
db.SubmitChanges();
}
using(AppDbContext db = new AppDbContext())
{
// get the record
Transaction dbProduct = db.Transactions.Single(p => p.BankAccountId == 1);
// set new values
dbProduct.TransactionDateTime = DateTime.Now;
dbProduct.TransactionType = TransactionType.Deposit;
// save them back to the database
db.SubmitChanges();
}
我有这个银行 ATM 模型应用程序,它实现了一些领域驱动设计架构和工作单元模式。
此应用程序有 3 个基本功能:
- 查看余额
- 存款
- 撤回
这些是项目图层:
ATM.Model(领域模型实体层)
namespace ATM.Model
{
public class BankAccount
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string AccountName { get; set; }
public decimal Balance { get; set; }
public decimal CheckBalance()
{
return Balance;
}
public void Deposit(int amount)
{
// Domain logic
Balance += amount;
}
public void Withdraw(int amount)
{
// Domain logic
//if(amount > Balance)
//{
// throw new Exception("Withdraw amount exceed account balance.");
//}
Balance -= amount;
}
}
}
namespace ATM.Model
{
public class Transaction
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public int BankAccountId { get; set; }
public DateTime TransactionDateTime { get; set; }
public TransactionType TransactionType { get; set; }
public decimal Amount { get; set; }
}
public enum TransactionType
{
Deposit, Withdraw
}
}
ATM.Persistence(持久层)
namespace ATM.Persistence.Context
{
public class AppDbContext : DbContext
{
protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"[connstring]");
}
public DbSet<BankAccount> BankAccounts { get; set; }
public DbSet<Transaction> Transactions { get; set; }
}
}
namespace ATM.Persistence.Repository
{
public class RepositoryBankAccount
{
public AppDbContext context { get; }
public RepositoryBankAccount()
{
context = new AppDbContext();
}
public BankAccount FindById(int bankAccountId)
{
return context.BankAccounts.Find(bankAccountId);
}
public void AddBankAccount(BankAccount account)
{
context.BankAccounts.Add(account);
}
public void UpdateBankAccount(BankAccount account)
{
context.Entry(account).State = EntityState.Modified;
}
}
}
namespace ATM.Persistence.Repository
{
public class RepositoryTransaction
{
private readonly AppDbContext context;
public RepositoryTransaction()
{
context = new AppDbContext();
}
public void AddTransaction(Transaction transaction)
{
context.Transactions.Add(transaction);
}
}
}
namespace ATM.Persistence.UnitOfWork
{
public class UnitOfWork : IUnitOfWork
{
private readonly AppDbContext db;
public UnitOfWork()
{
db = new AppDbContext();
}
private RepositoryBankAccount _BankAccounts;
public RepositoryBankAccount BankAccounts
{
get
{
if (_BankAccounts == null)
{
_BankAccounts = new RepositoryBankAccount();
}
return _BankAccounts;
}
}
private RepositoryTransaction _Transactions;
public RepositoryTransaction Transactions
{
get
{
if (_Transactions == null)
{
_Transactions = new RepositoryTransaction();
}
return _Transactions;
}
}
public void Dispose()
{
db.Dispose();
}
public int Commit()
{
return db.SaveChanges();
}
public void Rollback()
{
db
.ChangeTracker
.Entries()
.ToList()
.ForEach(x => x.Reload());
}
}
}
ATM.ApplicationService(应用层)
namespace ATM.ApplicationService
{
public class AccountService
{
private readonly UnitOfWork uow;
public AccountService()
{
uow = new UnitOfWork();
}
public void DepositAmount(BankAccount bankAccount, int amount)
{
bankAccount.Deposit(amount);
uow.BankAccounts.UpdateBankAccount(bankAccount);
var transaction = new Transaction()
{
BankAccountId = bankAccount.Id,
Amount = amount,
TransactionDateTime = DateTime.Now,
TransactionType = TransactionType.Deposit
};
uow.Transactions.AddTransaction(transaction);
try
{
uow.Commit();
}
catch
{
uow.Rollback();
}
finally
{
uow.Dispose();
}
}
public void WithdrawAmount(BankAccount bankAccount, int amount)
{
bankAccount.Withdraw(amount);
uow.BankAccounts.UpdateBankAccount(bankAccount);
//repoBankAccount.UpdateBankAccount(bankAccount);
var transaction = new Transaction()
{
BankAccountId = bankAccount.Id,
Amount = amount,
TransactionDateTime = DateTime.Now,
TransactionType = TransactionType.Withdraw
};
uow.Transactions.AddTransaction(transaction);
try
{
uow.Commit();
}
catch
{
uow.Rollback();
}
finally
{
uow.Dispose();
}
}
public decimal CheckBalanceAmount(int bankAccountId)
{
BankAccount bankAccount = uow.BankAccounts.FindById(bankAccountId);
return bankAccount.CheckBalance();
}
}
}
ATM.ConsoleUICore
namespace ATM.ConsoleUICore
{
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
AccountService accountService = new AccountService();
RepositoryBankAccount repoBankAccount = new RepositoryBankAccount();
var bankAccount = repoBankAccount.FindById(2);
Console.WriteLine("1. Check balance");
Console.WriteLine("2. Deposit");
Console.WriteLine("3. Withdraw");
Console.WriteLine("Enter option: ");
string opt = Console.ReadLine();
switch (opt)
{
case "1":
Console.WriteLine($"Your balance is ${bankAccount.CheckBalance()}");
break;
case "2":
// User to input amount.
// Data validation to make sure amount is greater than zero.
// Pass the input amount to Application layer.
accountService.DepositAmount(bankAccount, 50);
// After getting the operation status from Application service layer.
// Print operation status here: Either success or fail
Console.WriteLine("Deposit successfully");
break;
case "3":
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
我可以成功查看余额。对于选项 2,我可以毫无错误地执行 "Deposit" 选项。但是在数据库中,我的余额余额没有更新。交易也没有添加到数据库中。
如果我将 context.SaveChanges();
放回 UpdateBankAccount
方法中,它会起作用。它 returns 1. 但是,我使用 UoW 执行 SaveChanges()
。 SaveChanges()
确实在 UoW Commit 方法中执行,但数据库未反映其更改。 UoW Commit
方法 SaveChanges
returns 0.
可以在 Github repository 上找到完整的代码。
这里问题的核心是,正在创建两个 AppDbContext
实例来执行一个动作。在一个实例中进行了更改,在另一个实例中调用了 SaveChanges
。显然,它没有反映在底层数据库中。
我们现在将从下到上逐步检查您的代码。
在ATM.ConsoleUICore.Program.Main()
方法中,注意以下代码:
AccountService accountService = new AccountService(); ... ... ... accountService.DepositAmount(bankAccount, 50);
您正在创建 AccountService
的实例。在 AccountService
的构造函数中,您正在创建 UnitOfWork
的实例,如下所示:
private readonly UnitOfWork uow; public AccountService() { uow = new UnitOfWork(); }
在 UnitOfWork
的构造函数中,您正在创建 AppDbContext
的实例(派生自 DbContext
)。
你也有 BankAccounts
属性 那里有一个 RepositoryBankAccount
的实例,如下所示:
private readonly AppDbContext db; public UnitOfWork() { db = new AppDbContext(); } ... ... ... private RepositoryBankAccount _BankAccounts; public RepositoryBankAccount BankAccounts { get { if (_BankAccounts == null) { _BankAccounts = new RepositoryBankAccount(); } return _BankAccounts; } }
现在问题...
在 RepositoryBankAccount
的构造函数中,您又 创建了 AppDbContext
的实例,如下所示:
public AppDbContext context { get; } public RepositoryBankAccount() { context = new AppDbContext(); }
实际上,您假装在一个 UnitOfWork
实例下的操作作为一个数据库事务执行。但是,当您在存储库中创建 AppDbContext
的不同实例时,情况并非如此。您的工作单元与存储库分离。你必须连接它们。它应该在任何地方都是 AppDbContext
的相同实例。
那么,解决办法是什么?
不要在任何存储库中创建 AppDbContext
的实例。相反,从工作单元注入现有实例。
public AppDbContext context { get; }
public RepositoryBankAccount(AppDbContext appDbContext)//<==Inject the AppDbContext
{
context = appDbContext;//<==Do NOT create new instance here; assign the injected instance.
}
然后,在您的 UnitOfWork
class 中,将 属性 BankAccounts
更改如下:
private RepositoryBankAccount _BankAccounts;
public RepositoryBankAccount BankAccounts
{
get
{
if (_BankAccounts == null)
{
_BankAccounts = new RepositoryBankAccount(db);//<==Note that `db` means `AppDbContext` is injected
}
return _BankAccounts;
}
}
顺便说一句,避免所有这些不必要的包装纸。
看看这个
以防万一您决定继续现有设计,我已经在上面建议了一个解决方案。
此外,我建议您的一个工作单元应该是一个数据库事务。因此,您的数据库事务在您创建工作单元实例时开始,并在您处置它时结束(提交或回滚)。要么全部刷新到数据库,要么 none。在此期间发生的一切都应该是一个数据库事务的一部分。如有异常,将工作单元全部回滚
为任何数据库事务尝试这种格式。创建
的多个实例public RepositoryTransaction()
{
context = new AppDbContext();
}
只是意味着您每次都创建实例并且它不会保存到数据库中。
using(AppDbContext db = new AppDbContext())
{
var transaction = new Transaction()
{
BankAccountId = bankAccount.Id,
Amount = amount,
TransactionDateTime = DateTime.Now,
TransactionType = TransactionType.Deposit
};
// save them back to the database
//Add new Employee to database
db.Transactions.InsertOnSubmit(transaction);
//Save changes to Database.
db.SubmitChanges();
}
using(AppDbContext db = new AppDbContext())
{
// get the record
Transaction dbProduct = db.Transactions.Single(p => p.BankAccountId == 1);
// set new values
dbProduct.TransactionDateTime = DateTime.Now;
dbProduct.TransactionType = TransactionType.Deposit;
// save them back to the database
db.SubmitChanges();
}