为什么私有存储库需要 *.rb 文件用于自定义 gem？
Why private repo requires *.rb file for a custom gem?
我有一个项目的代码，我正试图将其制作成 gem 存储在私有 git 存储库中，以便我们可以在其他项目中重复使用它。
尽管 gem 存储了代码，但似乎需要包含代码的 *.rb 文件。这对我来说似乎是多余的，因为 *.rb 文件现在都在 gem 和 gem 本身的回购协议中。那，或者我的 Gemfile / bundler 设置错误。
假设我制作了这个文件：
~/code/holaPrj$ cat > hola.rb
class Hola
self.say(lang: :en)
end
end
... 我构建了 gem:
~/code/holaPrj$ cat hola.gemspec
Gem::Specification.new do |s|
s.name = 'hola'
s.version = '0.0.1'
s.date = '2019-08-14'
s.summary = "Custom gem in private repo testing"
s.authors = ["Julien Lamarche"]
s.email = ["jlam@credil.org"]
s.files = ["lib/hola.rb"]
s.license = 'Nonstandard'
end
~/code/holaPrj$ rvm default do gem build hola.gemspec
WARNING: no homepage specified
WARNING: See http://guides.rubygems.org/specification-reference/ for help
Successfully built RubyGem
Name: hola
Version: 0.0.1
File: hola-0.0.1.gem
我把这个gem复制到我的~/tmp/，然后解压。我可以看到文件系统中的文件：
~/code/holaPrj$ cp hola-0.0.1.gem ~/tmp/
'hola-0.0.1.gem' -> '/home/jlam/tmp/hola-0.0.1.gem'
~/code/holaPrj$ cd ~/tmp/
lusk 16:33:18 ~/tmp$ rvm default do gem unpack hola-0.0.1.gem
Unpacked gem: '/home/jlam/tmp/hola-0.0.1'
lusk 16:33:28 ~/tmp$ ls hola-0.0.1/lib/hola.rb
hola-0.0.1/lib/hola.rb
因此，*.gem文件将包含问题.
中的ruby个文件
将此 gem 和 gemspec 文件复制到内部发布的存储库中：
~/code/holaPrj$ cp hola-0.0.1.gem ../holaGem/
'hola-0.0.1.gem' -> '../holaGem/hola-0.0.1.gem'
~/code/holaPrj$ cp hola.gemspec ../holaGem/
'hola.gemspec' -> '../holaGem/hola.gemspec'
~/code/holaPrj$
~/code/holaGem$ git add *
~/code/holaGem$ git commit -am "adding the gem and gemspec file"
[master (commit racine) 9c7807c] adding the gem and gemspec file
2 files changed, 11 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 hola-0.0.1.gem
create mode 100644 hola.gemspec
~/code/holaGem$ git remote add origin git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola
~/code/holaGem$ git push origin master
Décompte des objets: 4, fait.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
Compression des objets: 100% (4/4), fait.
Écriture des objets: 100% (4/4), 1.54 KiB | 0 bytes/s, fait.
Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola
* [new branch] master -> master
在 Gemfile 中添加：
~/tmp/importMyGem$ cat Gemfile
source 'https://rubygems.org'
git_source(:our_gems){ |repo_name| "git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/#{repo_name}" }
gem 'hola', our_gems: 'hola'
然后我们安装它：
~/tmp/importMyGem$ rvm default do bundle install
Warning, new version of rvm available '1.29.9-next', you are using older version '1.29.3'.
You can disable this warning with: echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=0 >> ~/.rvmrc
You can enable auto-update with: echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=2 >> ~/.rvmrc
Fetching git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/
Resolving dependencies...
Using bundler 2.0.2
Using hola 0.0.1 from git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola (at master@9c7807c)
Bundle complete! 1 Gemfile dependency, 2 gems now installed.
Use `bundle info [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.
... 并且 bundle 知道它在哪里：
~/tmp/importMyGem$ rvm default do bundle info hola
* hola (0.0.1 9c7807c)
Summary: Custom gem in private repo testing
Path: /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bundler/gems/hola-9c7807c88e90
~/tmp/importMyGem$ ls /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bundler/gems/hola-9c7807c88e90/
hola-0.0.1.gem hola.gemspec
正在加载 irb 和 gem:
~/tmp/importMyGem$ rvm default do bundle exec irb
2.3.1 :001 > require 'hola'
LoadError: cannot load such file -- hola
from (irb):1:in `require'
from (irb):1
from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.3.1/bin/irb:11:in `<top (required)>'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/cli/exec.rb:74:in `load'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/cli/exec.rb:74:in `kernel_load'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/cli/exec.rb:28:in `run'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/cli.rb:465:in `exec'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/command.rb:27:in `run'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/invocation.rb:126:in `invoke_command'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor.rb:387:in `dispatch'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/cli.rb:27:in `dispatch'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/base.rb:466:in `start'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/cli.rb:18:in `start'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/exe/bundle:30:in `block in <top (required)>'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/friendly_errors.rb:124:in `with_friendly_errors'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/exe/bundle:22:in `<top (required)>'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bin/bundle:23:in `load'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bin/bundle:23:in `<main>'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
这是我期望的工作。
让我们添加 .rb 文件：
~/code/holaGem$ cp -r ../holaPrj/lib ./
'../holaPrj/lib' -> './lib'
'../holaPrj/lib/hola.rb' -> './lib/hola.rb'
~/code/holaGem$ ls
hola-0.0.1.gem hola.gemspec lib
~/code/holaGem$ git add lib/
~/code/holaGem$ git commit -am "adding the .rb files of the gem"
[master 1c6ee59] adding the .rb files of the gem
1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 lib/hola.rb
~/code/holaGem$ git push origin master
Décompte des objets: 4, fait.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
Compression des objets: 100% (3/3), fait.
Écriture des objets: 100% (4/4), 381 bytes | 0 bytes/s, fait.
Total 4 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola
9c7807c..1c6ee59 master -> master
... 让我们将 gem 版本升级到 0.0.2 只是为了确保我们知道我们有一个新的 gem 版本（尽管我想 bunlder 中的散列或 Gemfile.lock 就足够了):
~/code/holaGem$ cat hola.gemspec
Gem::Specification.new do |s|
s.name = 'hola'
s.version = '0.0.2'
s.date = '2019-08-14'
s.summary = "Custom gem in private repo testing"
s.authors = ["Julien Lamarche"]
s.email = ["jlam@credil.org"]
s.files = ["lib/hola.rb"]
s.license = 'Nonstandard'
end
~/code/holaGem$ vi hola.gemspec
~/code/holaGem$ git commit -am "wo#15499 - project .rb files added"
[master 87742bc] wo#15499 - project .rb files added
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)
lusk 17:51:38 (master) ~/code/holaGem$ git push origin master
Décompte des objets: 3, fait.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
Compression des objets: 100% (3/3), fait.
Écriture des objets: 100% (3/3), 366 bytes | 0 bytes/s, fait.
Total 3 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola
1c6ee59..87742bc master -> master
去导入项目，importMyGem，我更新到0.0.2！
~/tmp/importMyGem$ rvm default do bundle update
Fetching git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/
Resolving dependencies...
Using bundler 2.0.2
Using hola 0.0.2 (was 0.0.1) from git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola (at master@87742bc)
Bundle updated!
*.rb 文件现在在那里：
$ ls /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bundler/gems/hola-5b37daed4c3a
hola-0.0.1.gem hola.gemspec lib
并且 irb 可以找到文件：
~/tmp/importMyGem$ rvm default do bundle exec irb
2.3.1 :001 > require 'hola'
=> true
那么如果我的私人 git 存储库需要它自己的 *.rb 文件副本以供导入项目查找，那么在 *.gem 文件中包含 *.rb 文件有什么意义*.rb 文件？或者更确切地说，我的捆绑器或 Gemfile 设置有问题吗？
*.gem 文件实际上只是一个 zip 文件，其中包含 gem.
的内容（源代码和其他元数据）
它也是一个构建工件，开发人员通常不会将其签入存储库，因为它可以从源代码中复制。事实上，*.gem 存档的内容是 gem 的源代码，因此签入它会复制 repo 的内容。
出于这个原因，当 Bundler 从 git 源（gem install 命令本身不支持这个）实现安装 gems 时，它 required the git repo to include the source code and a .gemspec file。从这里它实际上会构建一个 *.gem 文件，然后用 gem install 安装它。 Bundler 未设置，并且不希望在回购中有 *.gem 文件。
因此，您应该检查源代码而不是 *.gem 文件。
我有一个项目的代码，我正试图将其制作成 gem 存储在私有 git 存储库中，以便我们可以在其他项目中重复使用它。
尽管 gem 存储了代码，但似乎需要包含代码的 *.rb 文件。这对我来说似乎是多余的，因为 *.rb 文件现在都在 gem 和 gem 本身的回购协议中。那，或者我的 Gemfile / bundler 设置错误。
假设我制作了这个文件：
~/code/holaPrj$ cat > hola.rb
class Hola
self.say(lang: :en)
end
end
... 我构建了 gem:
~/code/holaPrj$ cat hola.gemspec
Gem::Specification.new do |s|
s.name = 'hola'
s.version = '0.0.1'
s.date = '2019-08-14'
s.summary = "Custom gem in private repo testing"
s.authors = ["Julien Lamarche"]
s.email = ["jlam@credil.org"]
s.files = ["lib/hola.rb"]
s.license = 'Nonstandard'
end
~/code/holaPrj$ rvm default do gem build hola.gemspec
WARNING: no homepage specified
WARNING: See http://guides.rubygems.org/specification-reference/ for help
Successfully built RubyGem
Name: hola
Version: 0.0.1
File: hola-0.0.1.gem
我把这个gem复制到我的~/tmp/，然后解压。我可以看到文件系统中的文件：
~/code/holaPrj$ cp hola-0.0.1.gem ~/tmp/
'hola-0.0.1.gem' -> '/home/jlam/tmp/hola-0.0.1.gem'
~/code/holaPrj$ cd ~/tmp/
lusk 16:33:18 ~/tmp$ rvm default do gem unpack hola-0.0.1.gem
Unpacked gem: '/home/jlam/tmp/hola-0.0.1'
lusk 16:33:28 ~/tmp$ ls hola-0.0.1/lib/hola.rb
hola-0.0.1/lib/hola.rb
因此，*.gem文件将包含问题.
中的ruby个文件将此 gem 和 gemspec 文件复制到内部发布的存储库中：
~/code/holaPrj$ cp hola-0.0.1.gem ../holaGem/
'hola-0.0.1.gem' -> '../holaGem/hola-0.0.1.gem'
~/code/holaPrj$ cp hola.gemspec ../holaGem/
'hola.gemspec' -> '../holaGem/hola.gemspec'
~/code/holaPrj$
~/code/holaGem$ git add *
~/code/holaGem$ git commit -am "adding the gem and gemspec file"
[master (commit racine) 9c7807c] adding the gem and gemspec file
2 files changed, 11 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 hola-0.0.1.gem
create mode 100644 hola.gemspec
~/code/holaGem$ git remote add origin git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola
~/code/holaGem$ git push origin master
Décompte des objets: 4, fait.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
Compression des objets: 100% (4/4), fait.
Écriture des objets: 100% (4/4), 1.54 KiB | 0 bytes/s, fait.
Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola
* [new branch] master -> master
在 Gemfile 中添加：
~/tmp/importMyGem$ cat Gemfile
source 'https://rubygems.org'
git_source(:our_gems){ |repo_name| "git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/#{repo_name}" }
gem 'hola', our_gems: 'hola'
然后我们安装它：
~/tmp/importMyGem$ rvm default do bundle install
Warning, new version of rvm available '1.29.9-next', you are using older version '1.29.3'.
You can disable this warning with: echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=0 >> ~/.rvmrc
You can enable auto-update with: echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=2 >> ~/.rvmrc
Fetching git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/
Resolving dependencies...
Using bundler 2.0.2
Using hola 0.0.1 from git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola (at master@9c7807c)
Bundle complete! 1 Gemfile dependency, 2 gems now installed.
Use `bundle info [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.
... 并且 bundle 知道它在哪里：
~/tmp/importMyGem$ rvm default do bundle info hola
* hola (0.0.1 9c7807c)
Summary: Custom gem in private repo testing
Path: /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bundler/gems/hola-9c7807c88e90
~/tmp/importMyGem$ ls /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bundler/gems/hola-9c7807c88e90/
hola-0.0.1.gem hola.gemspec
正在加载 irb 和 gem:
~/tmp/importMyGem$ rvm default do bundle exec irb
2.3.1 :001 > require 'hola'
LoadError: cannot load such file -- hola
from (irb):1:in `require'
from (irb):1
from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.3.1/bin/irb:11:in `<top (required)>'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/cli/exec.rb:74:in `load'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/cli/exec.rb:74:in `kernel_load'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/cli/exec.rb:28:in `run'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/cli.rb:465:in `exec'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/command.rb:27:in `run'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/invocation.rb:126:in `invoke_command'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor.rb:387:in `dispatch'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/cli.rb:27:in `dispatch'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/base.rb:466:in `start'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/cli.rb:18:in `start'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/exe/bundle:30:in `block in <top (required)>'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/lib/bundler/friendly_errors.rb:124:in `with_friendly_errors'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/gems/bundler-2.0.2/exe/bundle:22:in `<top (required)>'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bin/bundle:23:in `load'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bin/bundle:23:in `<main>'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
from /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
这是我期望的工作。
让我们添加 .rb 文件：
~/code/holaGem$ cp -r ../holaPrj/lib ./
'../holaPrj/lib' -> './lib'
'../holaPrj/lib/hola.rb' -> './lib/hola.rb'
~/code/holaGem$ ls
hola-0.0.1.gem hola.gemspec lib
~/code/holaGem$ git add lib/
~/code/holaGem$ git commit -am "adding the .rb files of the gem"
[master 1c6ee59] adding the .rb files of the gem
1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 lib/hola.rb
~/code/holaGem$ git push origin master
Décompte des objets: 4, fait.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
Compression des objets: 100% (3/3), fait.
Écriture des objets: 100% (4/4), 381 bytes | 0 bytes/s, fait.
Total 4 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola
9c7807c..1c6ee59 master -> master
... 让我们将 gem 版本升级到 0.0.2 只是为了确保我们知道我们有一个新的 gem 版本（尽管我想 bunlder 中的散列或 Gemfile.lock 就足够了):
~/code/holaGem$ cat hola.gemspec
Gem::Specification.new do |s|
s.name = 'hola'
s.version = '0.0.2'
s.date = '2019-08-14'
s.summary = "Custom gem in private repo testing"
s.authors = ["Julien Lamarche"]
s.email = ["jlam@credil.org"]
s.files = ["lib/hola.rb"]
s.license = 'Nonstandard'
end
~/code/holaGem$ vi hola.gemspec
~/code/holaGem$ git commit -am "wo#15499 - project .rb files added"
[master 87742bc] wo#15499 - project .rb files added
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)
lusk 17:51:38 (master) ~/code/holaGem$ git push origin master
Décompte des objets: 3, fait.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
Compression des objets: 100% (3/3), fait.
Écriture des objets: 100% (3/3), 366 bytes | 0 bytes/s, fait.
Total 3 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola
1c6ee59..87742bc master -> master
去导入项目，importMyGem，我更新到0.0.2！
~/tmp/importMyGem$ rvm default do bundle update
Fetching git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/
Resolving dependencies...
Using bundler 2.0.2
Using hola 0.0.2 (was 0.0.1) from git+ssh://$ourServer/gems/hola (at master@87742bc)
Bundle updated!
*.rb 文件现在在那里：
$ ls /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.1/bundler/gems/hola-5b37daed4c3a
hola-0.0.1.gem hola.gemspec lib
并且 irb 可以找到文件：
~/tmp/importMyGem$ rvm default do bundle exec irb
2.3.1 :001 > require 'hola'
=> true
那么如果我的私人 git 存储库需要它自己的 *.rb 文件副本以供导入项目查找，那么在 *.gem 文件中包含 *.rb 文件有什么意义*.rb 文件？或者更确切地说，我的捆绑器或 Gemfile 设置有问题吗？
*.gem 文件实际上只是一个 zip 文件，其中包含 gem.
它也是一个构建工件，开发人员通常不会将其签入存储库，因为它可以从源代码中复制。事实上，*.gem 存档的内容是 gem 的源代码，因此签入它会复制 repo 的内容。
出于这个原因，当 Bundler 从 git 源（gem install 命令本身不支持这个）实现安装 gems 时，它 required the git repo to include the source code and a .gemspec file。从这里它实际上会构建一个 *.gem 文件，然后用 gem install 安装它。 Bundler 未设置，并且不希望在回购中有 *.gem 文件。
因此，您应该检查源代码而不是 *.gem 文件。