为什么 IF 检查忽略检查表达式后的“^<delimter>some_word”？

Question

示例如下：

@echo off
:: check syntax ignores "^<delimiter>something" right after check expression
if defined path^ blah echo #
if exist c:\^ blah echo #
if errorlevel 0^ blah echo #
:: but in comparison operations escaping works well
if 1^ blah==1^ blah echo #

Answer 1

因为这就是它的工作原理 ;-)

我认为这是 IF 命令的设计缺陷。 IF命令有复杂的（多阶段）解析规则，我认为微软有点失误。

转义不适用于 IF EXIST 或 IF DEFINED。第一次解析通过正确识别条件和命令，但实际比较停止在第一个白色 space.

引号适用于 IF EXIST。但是引号对 IF DEFINED 没有帮助，因为它们被认为是变量名称的一部分。

让它在所有情况下都能正常工作的唯一方法是使用 FOR 变量或延迟扩展：

@echo off
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
set "var=%%%%~A"

:: Start with a clean slate
set "a="
set "a z="
del "a" "a z" 2>nul

:: ---------- test escape --------------
:: This fails
set "a z=1"
if defined a^ z (
  echo if defined a^^ z TRUE  = SUCCESS
) else (
  echo if defined a^^ z FALSE = FAILURE
)
set "a z="

:: This fails
copy nul "a z" >nul
if exist a^ z (
  echo if exist a^^ z   TRUE  = SUCCESS
) else (
  echo if exist a^^ z   FALSE = FAILURE
)
del "a z"

:: This fails (looks at the wrong variable)
set "a=1"
if defined a^ z (
  echo if defined a^^ z TRUE  = FAILURE
) else (
  echo if defined a^^ z FALSE = SUCCESS
)
set "a="

:: This fails (looks at wrong file)
copy nul "a" >nul
if exist a^ z (
  echo if exist a^^ z   TRUE  = FAILURE
) else (
  echo if exist a^^ z   FALSE = SUCCESS
)
del "a"

echo(

:: ---------- test quotes --------------
:: This fails
set "a z=1"
if defined "a z" (
  echo if defined "a z" TRUE  = SUCCESS
) else (
  echo if defined "a z" FALSE = FAILURE
)
set "a z="

:: This succeeds
copy nul "a z" >nul
if exist "a z" (
  echo if exist "a z"   TRUE  = SUCCESS
) else (
  echo if exist "a z"   FALSE = FAILURE
)
del "a z"

:: This fails (looks at the wrong variable with quotes in name)
set ""a z"=1"
if defined "a z" (
  echo if defined "a z" TRUE  = FAILURE
) else (
  echo if defined "a z" FALSE = SUCCESS
)
set ""a z"="

:: This succeeds
copy nul "a" >nul
if exist "a z" (
  echo if exist "a z"   TRUE  = FAILURE
) else (
  echo if exist "a z"   FALSE = SUCCESS
)
del "a"

echo(

:: ---------- test FOR variable --------------
:: This succeeds
set "a z=1"
for %%A in ("a z") do if defined %%~A (
  echo if defined !var! TRUE  = SUCCESS
) else (
  echo if defined !var! FALSE = FAILURE
)
set "a z="

:: This succeeds
copy nul "a z" >nul
for %%A in ("a z") do if exist %%~A (
  echo if exist !var!   TRUE  = SUCCESS
) else (
  echo if exist !var!   FALSE = FAILURE
)
del "a z"

:: This succeeds
set "a=1"
for %%A in ("a z") do if defined %%~A (
  echo if defined !var! TRUE  = FAILURE
) else (
  echo if defined !var! FALSE = SUCCESS
)
set "a="

:: This succeeds
copy nul "a" >nul
for %%A in ("a z") do if exist %%~A (
  echo if exist !var!   TRUE  = FAILURE
) else (
  echo if exist !var!   FALSE = SUCCESS
)
del "a"

echo(

:: ---------- test delayed expansion --------------
set "var=a z"

:: This succeeds
set "a z=1"
if defined !var! (
  echo if defined ^^!var^^! TRUE  = SUCCESS
) else (
  echo if defined ^^!var^^! FALSE = FAILURE
)
set "a z="

:: This succeeds
copy nul "a z" >nul
if exist !var! (
  echo if exist ^^!var^^!   TRUE  = SUCCESS
) else (
  echo if exist ^^!var^^!   FALSE = FAILURE
)
del "a z"

:: This succeeds
set "a=1"
if defined !var! (
  echo if defined ^^!var^^! TRUE  = FAILURE
) else (
  echo if defined ^^!var^^! FALSE = SUCCESS
)
set "a="

:: This succeeds
copy nul "a" >nul
if exist !var! (
  echo if exist ^^!var^^!   TRUE  = FAILURE
) else (
  echo if exist ^^!var^^!   FALSE = SUCCESS
)
del "a"

--输出--

if defined a^ z FALSE = FAILURE
if exist a^ z   FALSE = FAILURE
if defined a^ z TRUE  = FAILURE
if exist a^ z   TRUE  = FAILURE

if defined "a z" FALSE = FAILURE
if exist "a z"   TRUE  = SUCCESS
if defined "a z" TRUE  = FAILURE
if exist "a z"   FALSE = SUCCESS

if defined %%~A TRUE  = SUCCESS
if exist %%~A   TRUE  = SUCCESS
if defined %%~A FALSE = SUCCESS
if exist %%~A   FALSE = SUCCESS

if defined !var! TRUE  = SUCCESS
if exist !var!   TRUE  = SUCCESS
if defined !var! FALSE = SUCCESS
if exist !var!   FALSE = SUCCESS

Answer 2

为什么？
我不知道。

但在这种情况下，分词器似乎执行了两次。

这里是一个例子，表明分词器独立于 ECHO ON

的中间输出

echo ON
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
set "var=hello you"
if !var! == hello^ you echo true
if !var! == hello you echo true

两行都显示为 if !var! == hello you echo true，但只有第一行执行 echo true，因为 hello you 是一个标记，但第二个示例中没有。

set var=1
IF defined var^ bang echo VAR is defined

但正如 dbenham 解释的那样，IF DEFINED 和 If EXIST 似乎按预期首先将其标记化，因为第二个词不会用作命令，但它已完全删除。

有趣的是 FOR 参数和延迟扩展不受影响，尽管这些阶段直接跟在 回声阶段。

所以我假设，与 IF .. <compare> 相比，IF defined 和 IF EXIST 使用了另一个分词器。

使用 ECHO ON（如 JosefZ 所述）您可以看到差异。

if !var! == hello^ you echo true
if defined hello^ you echo is defined

输出

C:\temp>if !var! == hello you echo true
C:\temp>if defined hello echo is defined

在第一个例子中 hello you 是完整的，但在第二个例子中 you 被删除了。

为什么 IF 检查忽略检查表达式后的“^<delimter>some_word”？

Why IF checking ignores "^<delimter>some_word" after the check expression?

batch-file

if-statement

cmd