Python - 在上下文管理器之外管理游标连接

Python - Manage cursor connection outside context manager

我是 Python 的新手,我正在尝试构建一个开始项目来学习这门语言。

我创建了一个 SQLite3 数据库并设法与它进行交易。 一切正常。

我想更深入地了解 Python 所以我一直在搜索并发现了 DecoratorsContext Manager 并且我试图在我的查询执行函数中实现这些概念。但是,我遇到了一个问题。

我创建了一个 class 来处理打开和关闭连接任务。

DB_ContextManager.py class:

class DB_ContextManager():
    def __init__(self, db_connection):
        self.db_connection = db_connection

    def __enter__(self):
        self.conn = sqlite3.connect(self.db_connection)        
        return self.conn

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): # obligatory params
        self.conn.close()

并且还创建了 ConnectionDB.py 来负责执行查询。

from Database.DB_ContextManager import DB_ContextManager as DB_CM

# Handles SELECT queries
def ExecuteSelectQuery(self, pQuery):
    try:
        with DB_CM(db_connection_string) as conn:
            cur = conn.cursor()
            cur.execute(pQuery)
            result = cur.fetchall()        
            return result

    except Exception as e:
        LH.Handler(log_folder, 'ConnectionDB', 'Queries', 'ExecuteSelectQuery', e)            
        raise DE.ConnectionDB_Exception()

# Handles INSERTs, UPDATEs, DELETEs queries
def ExecuteNonQuery(self, pQuery):
    try:            
        with DB_CM(db_connection_string) as conn:
            cur = conn.cursor()
            cur.execute(pQuery)

    except Exception as e:
        LH.Handler(log_folder, 'ConnectionDB', 'Queries', 'ExecuteSelectNonQuery', e)            
        raise DE.ConnectionDB_Exception()

如你所见

with DB_CM(db_connection_string) as conn:
            cur = conn.cursor()
            cur.execute(pQuery)

在每个函数中重复

为了避免这种情况,我想创建一个装饰函数来封装这段代码。 我的问题是 ContextManager 中的游标 'dies',例如 ExecuteSelectQuery 需要游标在执行查询后获取 return 数据。

我知道这是一个小项目,未来可能没有必要考虑这么长远。但是,请记住,这是一个开始项目,我正在学习应用新概念。


解决方案

正如@blhsing 所建议的,我 return 连接对象而不是 ContextManager 中的光标。

我也在其中处理 commit()rollback()

所以,总结一下:

ConnectionDB.py

def ExecuteSelectQuery(self, pQuery):
    with DB_CM(db_connection_string, pQuery) as cur:
        result = cur.fetchall()
        return result

def ExecuteSelectNonQuery(self, pQuery):
    with DB_CM(db_connection_string, pQuery) as cur: 
        pass

ConnectionDB.py

class DB_ContextManager():
    def __init__(self, db_connection, pQuery):
        self.db_connection = db_connection
        self.query = pQuery

    def __enter__(self):
        try:
            self.conn = sqlite3.connect(self.db_connection)
            cur = self.conn.cursor()
            cur.execute(self.query)
            self.conn.commit()
            return cur            

        except Exception as e:
            LH.Handler(log_folder, 'DB_ContextManager', 'DB_ContextManager', '__enter__', e)
            self.conn.rollback()
            raise DE.ConnectionDB_Exception()

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): # obligatory params
        self.conn.close()

您可以使上下文管理器 return 成为游标而不是连接对象:

class DB_CM():
    def __init__(self, db_connection):
        self.db_connection = db_connection

    def __enter__(self):
        self.conn = sqlite3.connect(self.db_connection)
        cur = self.conn.cursor()
        cur.execute(pQuery)
        return cur

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): # obligatory params
        self.conn.close()

这样 ExecuteSelectQuerytry 块可以修改为:

with DB_CM(db_connection_string) as cur:
    result = cur.fetchall()        
    return result

ExecuteNonQuerytry 块可以简单地是:

with DB_CM(db_connection_string):
    pass