PDF 的 Ghostscript：如何将 4 页放入 1 页？
Ghostscript for PDF: how to fit 4 pages into 1?
我需要使用 ghostscript 将多个 PDF 连接成一个 pdf 文件。
我需要你的帮助是我必须使用什么命令来编辑输出页面，以便它适合 4 页输入文件，进入 1 个输出文件。
到目前为止我使用的是这个命令：
gs -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -q -sDEVICE=pdfwrite \
-sOutputFile=ALL.pdf plot_1.pdf plot_n.pdf
输入文件为A4横向，输出文件格式必须相同。
感谢大家，
克里斯蒂安
单独使用 Ghostscript 无法实现您想实现的目标。没有允许在输出中对页面进行 2-up 或 4-up 拼版的内置参数。
但是可以编写一个 PostScript 程序来执行此操作，然后将该程序连同原始 PDF 一起提供给 Ghostscript，然后 Ghostscript 可以输出结果。
我记得不久前看到@KenS（他是一名 Ghostscript 开发人员，可能很快也会意识到这个问题）发布了一个类似的 PostScript 程序。如果你 search here（或使用类似的参数），你也许可以找到它。
这是我以前写的一个程序，用于从 PDF 进行 2-up 拼版。这是不是通用的 PostScript 程序，它只能与 Ghostscript 一起使用（因为它使用了一些 GS 内部构件）并且仅当输入是 PDF 而不是 PostScript 时。
您必须对其进行修改才能进行 4-up 拼版。不用担心可怕的许可问题，那只是因为我从其他地方复制了样板文件。
您可能希望假定所有页面的大小 和 方向相同，这与允许不同方向的代码不同。
%!PS
% Copyright (C) 2011 Artifex Software, Inc. All rights reserved.
%
% This software is provided AS-IS with no warranty, either express or
% implied.
%
% This software is distributed under license and may not be copied,
% modified or distributed except as expressly authorized under the terms
% of the license contained in the file LICENSE in this distribution.
%
% For more information about licensing, please refer to
% http://www.ghostscript.com/licensing/. For information on
% commercial licensing, go to http://www.artifex.com/licensing/ or
% contact Artifex Software, Inc., 101 Lucas Valley Road #110,
% San Rafael, CA 94903, U.S.A., +1(415)492-9861.
%
% Make a PDF file '2-up'
% This program deliberately does NOT attempt to preserve metadata
% such as DEST links, bookmarks and so forth as these will be
% mostly incorrect after imposition.
%
% usage: gs -dNODISPLAY -sFile=____.pdf [-dVerbose] 2-up.ps
%
% Make, and open, a working dictionary to store stuff
%
/PDF_2UPDict 20 dict dup begin def
%
% Check the parameters to see they are present and of the correct type
%
/Usage {
( usage: gs -dNODISPLAY -q -sFile=____.pdf [-dVerbose] 2-up.ps\n) =
flush
quit
} bind def
/File where not {
(\n *** Missing source file. \(use -sFile=____.pdf\)\n) =
Usage
} {
pop
}ifelse
/Verbose where not {
/Verbose false def
}{
pop /Verbose true def
} ifelse
%%
%% This code is copied from pdf_main.ps, pdfshowpage_finish
%% sadly that routine always calls showpage, and we want that
%% to be under our control, so we have to duplicate the code
%% here. Not only that but it uses GS extensions which aren't
%% available outside of startup, so some things it simply can't
%% replicate. As a result some of the error handling is less
%% good.
%%
%% I plan to extend the PDF interpreter with two new
%% routines, pdfnoshowpage_finish and then have both
%% that and pdfshowpage_finish call pdfoptionalshowpage_finish
%% which will take a boolean determining whether to actually
%% call the showpage. At that time we'll alter this code.
%%
/draw_page_content { % <pagedict> pdfshowpage_finish -
save /PDFSave exch store
/PDFdictstackcount countdictstack store
/PDFexecstackcount count 2 sub store
(before exec) VMDEBUG
% set up color space substitution (this must be inside the page save)
pdfshowpage_setcspacesub
% Display the actual page contents.
8 dict begin
/BXlevel 0 def
/BMClevel 0 def
/OFFlevels 0 dict def
/BGDefault currentblackgeneration def
/UCRDefault currentundercolorremoval def
%****** DOESN'T HANDLE COLOR TRANSFER YET ******
/TRDefault currenttransfer def
matrix currentmatrix
2 dict
dictbeginpage setmatrix
/DefaultQstate qstate store
count 1 sub /pdfemptycount exch store
% If the page uses any transparency features, show it within
% a transparency group.
dup pageusestransparency dup /PDFusingtransparency exch def {
% Show the page within a PDF 1.4 device filter.
0 .pushpdf14devicefilter {
/DefaultQstate qstate store % device has changed -- reset DefaultQstate
% If the page has a Group, enclose contents in transparency group.
% (Adobe Tech Note 5407, sec 9.2)
dup /Group knownoget {
1 index /CropBox pget {
/CropBox exch
} {
1 index get_media_box pop /MediaBox exch
} ifelse
oforce_elems normrect_elems fix_empty_rect_elems 4 array astore .beginformgroup
showpagecontents
.endtransparencygroup
} {
showpagecontents
} ifelse
} stopped {
% abort the transparency device
.abortpdf14devicefilter
/DefaultQstate qstate store % device has changed -- reset DefaultQstate
stop
} if .poppdf14devicefilter
/DefaultQstate qstate store % device has changed -- reset DefaultQstate
} {
showpagecontents
} ifelse
.free_page_resources
% todo: mixing drawing ops outside the device filter could cause
% problems, for example with the pnga device.
end % scratch dict
% Some PDF files don't have matching q/Q (gsave/grestore) so we need
% to clean up any left over dicts from the dictstack
PDFdictstackcount //false
{ countdictstack 2 index le { exit } if
currentdict /n known not or
end
} loop
pop
count PDFexecstackcount sub { pop } repeat
Repaired % pass Repaired state around the restore
PDFSave restore
currentglobal pdfdict gcheck .setglobal
.setglobal
/Repaired exch def
} bind def
%%
%% First we open the PDF file
%%
File dup (r) file runpdfbegin pop
process_trailer_attrs
%%
%% FInd out how many pages are in teh PDF file
%%
/PDFPageCount pdfpagecount def
Verbose {(PageCount is ) print PageCount ==} if
%
% Set up our bookkeeping
%
% First get the size of the page from page 1 of the PDF file
% We assume that all PDF pages are the same size.
%
1 pdfgetpage get_any_box
exch pop dup 2 get exch 3 get
/PDFHeight exch def
/PDFWidth exch def
PDFWidth PDFHeight gt {
/PDFLandscape true def
}{
/PDFLandscape false def
}ifelse
Verbose{
(PDFHeight is ) print PDFHeight ==
(PDFWidth is ) print PDFWidth ==
(PDFLandscape is ) print PDFLandscape ==
} if
%
% Now get the page size of the current device. We will fit
% the PDF pages onto this using rotation and scaling as
% required.
%
currentpagedevice /PageSize get
dup 0 get /PageWidth exch def
1 get /PageHeight exch def
PageWidth PageHeight gt {
/PageLandscape true def
}{
/PageLandscape false def
}ifelse
Verbose{
(PageHeight is ) print PageHeight ==
(PageWidth is ) print PageWidth ==
(PageLandscape is ) print PageLandscape ==
} if
%
% Now figure out how best to fit the pages 2-up
%
PageLandscape PDFLandscape and {
%% Both landscape
/ScaleY PageHeight PDFWidth div
/ScaleX PageWidth 2 div PDFHeight div
ScaleX ScaleY lt {
/Scale ScaleX def
} {
/Scale ScaleY def
}ifelse
/Rotate 90
/OriginYTx PDFHeight neg def
/OriginXTx 0 def
/PageYTx PDFHeight def
/PageXTx 0 def
}{
PageLandscape {
%% Page is landscape, PDF is portrait
/ScaleY PageHeight PDFHeight div def
/ScaleX PageWidth 2 div PDFWidth div def
ScaleX ScaleY lt {
/Scale ScaleX def
} {
/Scale ScaleY def
}ifelse
/Rotate 0 def
/OriginXTx 0 def
/OriginYTx 0 def
/PageXTx PDFWidth def
/PageYTx 0 def
}{
PDFLandscape {
%% PDF is landscape, Page is portrait
/ScaleY PageHeight 2 div PDFHeight div def
/ScaleX PageWidth PDFWidth div def
ScaleX ScaleY lt {
/Scale ScaleX def
} {
/Scale ScaleY def
}ifelse
/Rotate 0 def
/OriginXTx 0 def
/OriginYTx PDFHeight def
/PageXTx 0 def
/PageYTx PDFHeight neg def
} {
%% Both portrait
/ScaleY PageHeight 2 div PDFWidth div def
/ScaleX PageWidth PDFHeight div def
ScaleX ScaleY lt {
/Scale ScaleX def
} {
/Scale ScaleY def
}ifelse
/Rotate 90 def
/OriginXTx 0 def
/OriginYTx PDFHeight neg def
/PageYTx 0 def
/PageXTx PDFWidth def
} ifelse
}ifelse
} ifelse
Verbose{
(ScaleX is ) print ScaleX ==
(ScaleY is ) print ScaleY ==
(Scale is ) print Scale ==
(Rotate is ) print Rotate ==
(OriginXTx is ) print OriginXTx ==
(OriginYTx is ) print OriginYTx ==
(PageXTx is ) print PageXTx ==
(PageYTx is ) print PageYTx ==
} if
%
% Starting at 0, count by 2, and stop at the last page, however
% account for the fact that the number of pages in the PDF
% file may not be even, in which case draw a final empty
%page
%
0 2 PDFPageCount 1 sub PDFPageCount 2 mod add {
%% loop counter
save %% save the state
exch %% exch the save state and the loop counter
Rotate rotate %%
Scale Scale scale %% set up our calculated CTM
OriginXTx OriginYTx translate %%
save %% and save this too
exch %% swap the save state and the loop counter
dup 1 add %% copy the loop counter, then add 1, stack: -save- -save- loop loop+1
Verbose {(Drawing page ) print dup ==} if
0 0 PageWidth PageHeight rectclip %% clip the page contents to the page size (in case of bleeds)
pdfgetpage %% get the page from the PDF file, stack: -save- -save- loop -dict-
dup /Page exch store %% save a copy of the page dict inside itself
pdfshowpage_init %% initialise the page
draw_page_content %% se above, draws the graphical objects, stack -save- -save- loop
exch %% swap back teh save object, stack: -save- loop -save-
restore %% restore back to our calculated CTM
PageXTx PageYTx translate %% Move to draw page 2
2 add dup PDFPageCount gt { %% If we have to draw an extra page, and this is it
Verbose {(Drawing extra page ) print dup ==} if
pop showpage %% pop the spare loop and draw an empty page, stack: -save-
}{
Verbose {(Drawing page ) print dup ==} if
0 0 PageWidth PageHeight rectclip
pdfgetpage
dup /Page exch store
pdfshowpage_init % <pagedict>
draw_page_content
showpage
} ifelse
restore %% restore back to the original CTM
} for
//runpdfend exec %% End the PDF file
end %% our working dictioanry
我需要使用 ghostscript 将多个 PDF 连接成一个 pdf 文件。 我需要你的帮助是我必须使用什么命令来编辑输出页面，以便它适合 4 页输入文件，进入 1 个输出文件。 到目前为止我使用的是这个命令：
gs -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -q -sDEVICE=pdfwrite \
-sOutputFile=ALL.pdf plot_1.pdf plot_n.pdf
输入文件为A4横向，输出文件格式必须相同。
感谢大家， 克里斯蒂安
单独使用 Ghostscript 无法实现您想实现的目标。没有允许在输出中对页面进行 2-up 或 4-up 拼版的内置参数。
但是可以编写一个 PostScript 程序来执行此操作，然后将该程序连同原始 PDF 一起提供给 Ghostscript，然后 Ghostscript 可以输出结果。
我记得不久前看到@KenS（他是一名 Ghostscript 开发人员，可能很快也会意识到这个问题）发布了一个类似的 PostScript 程序。如果你 search here（或使用类似的参数），你也许可以找到它。
这是我以前写的一个程序，用于从 PDF 进行 2-up 拼版。这是不是通用的 PostScript 程序，它只能与 Ghostscript 一起使用（因为它使用了一些 GS 内部构件）并且仅当输入是 PDF 而不是 PostScript 时。
您必须对其进行修改才能进行 4-up 拼版。不用担心可怕的许可问题，那只是因为我从其他地方复制了样板文件。
您可能希望假定所有页面的大小 和 方向相同，这与允许不同方向的代码不同。
%!PS
% Copyright (C) 2011 Artifex Software, Inc. All rights reserved.
%
% This software is provided AS-IS with no warranty, either express or
% implied.
%
% This software is distributed under license and may not be copied,
% modified or distributed except as expressly authorized under the terms
% of the license contained in the file LICENSE in this distribution.
%
% For more information about licensing, please refer to
% http://www.ghostscript.com/licensing/. For information on
% commercial licensing, go to http://www.artifex.com/licensing/ or
% contact Artifex Software, Inc., 101 Lucas Valley Road #110,
% San Rafael, CA 94903, U.S.A., +1(415)492-9861.
%
% Make a PDF file '2-up'
% This program deliberately does NOT attempt to preserve metadata
% such as DEST links, bookmarks and so forth as these will be
% mostly incorrect after imposition.
%
% usage: gs -dNODISPLAY -sFile=____.pdf [-dVerbose] 2-up.ps
%
% Make, and open, a working dictionary to store stuff
%
/PDF_2UPDict 20 dict dup begin def
%
% Check the parameters to see they are present and of the correct type
%
/Usage {
( usage: gs -dNODISPLAY -q -sFile=____.pdf [-dVerbose] 2-up.ps\n) =
flush
quit
} bind def
/File where not {
(\n *** Missing source file. \(use -sFile=____.pdf\)\n) =
Usage
} {
pop
}ifelse
/Verbose where not {
/Verbose false def
}{
pop /Verbose true def
} ifelse
%%
%% This code is copied from pdf_main.ps, pdfshowpage_finish
%% sadly that routine always calls showpage, and we want that
%% to be under our control, so we have to duplicate the code
%% here. Not only that but it uses GS extensions which aren't
%% available outside of startup, so some things it simply can't
%% replicate. As a result some of the error handling is less
%% good.
%%
%% I plan to extend the PDF interpreter with two new
%% routines, pdfnoshowpage_finish and then have both
%% that and pdfshowpage_finish call pdfoptionalshowpage_finish
%% which will take a boolean determining whether to actually
%% call the showpage. At that time we'll alter this code.
%%
/draw_page_content { % <pagedict> pdfshowpage_finish -
save /PDFSave exch store
/PDFdictstackcount countdictstack store
/PDFexecstackcount count 2 sub store
(before exec) VMDEBUG
% set up color space substitution (this must be inside the page save)
pdfshowpage_setcspacesub
% Display the actual page contents.
8 dict begin
/BXlevel 0 def
/BMClevel 0 def
/OFFlevels 0 dict def
/BGDefault currentblackgeneration def
/UCRDefault currentundercolorremoval def
%****** DOESN'T HANDLE COLOR TRANSFER YET ******
/TRDefault currenttransfer def
matrix currentmatrix
2 dict
dictbeginpage setmatrix
/DefaultQstate qstate store
count 1 sub /pdfemptycount exch store
% If the page uses any transparency features, show it within
% a transparency group.
dup pageusestransparency dup /PDFusingtransparency exch def {
% Show the page within a PDF 1.4 device filter.
0 .pushpdf14devicefilter {
/DefaultQstate qstate store % device has changed -- reset DefaultQstate
% If the page has a Group, enclose contents in transparency group.
% (Adobe Tech Note 5407, sec 9.2)
dup /Group knownoget {
1 index /CropBox pget {
/CropBox exch
} {
1 index get_media_box pop /MediaBox exch
} ifelse
oforce_elems normrect_elems fix_empty_rect_elems 4 array astore .beginformgroup
showpagecontents
.endtransparencygroup
} {
showpagecontents
} ifelse
} stopped {
% abort the transparency device
.abortpdf14devicefilter
/DefaultQstate qstate store % device has changed -- reset DefaultQstate
stop
} if .poppdf14devicefilter
/DefaultQstate qstate store % device has changed -- reset DefaultQstate
} {
showpagecontents
} ifelse
.free_page_resources
% todo: mixing drawing ops outside the device filter could cause
% problems, for example with the pnga device.
end % scratch dict
% Some PDF files don't have matching q/Q (gsave/grestore) so we need
% to clean up any left over dicts from the dictstack
PDFdictstackcount //false
{ countdictstack 2 index le { exit } if
currentdict /n known not or
end
} loop
pop
count PDFexecstackcount sub { pop } repeat
Repaired % pass Repaired state around the restore
PDFSave restore
currentglobal pdfdict gcheck .setglobal
.setglobal
/Repaired exch def
} bind def
%%
%% First we open the PDF file
%%
File dup (r) file runpdfbegin pop
process_trailer_attrs
%%
%% FInd out how many pages are in teh PDF file
%%
/PDFPageCount pdfpagecount def
Verbose {(PageCount is ) print PageCount ==} if
%
% Set up our bookkeeping
%
% First get the size of the page from page 1 of the PDF file
% We assume that all PDF pages are the same size.
%
1 pdfgetpage get_any_box
exch pop dup 2 get exch 3 get
/PDFHeight exch def
/PDFWidth exch def
PDFWidth PDFHeight gt {
/PDFLandscape true def
}{
/PDFLandscape false def
}ifelse
Verbose{
(PDFHeight is ) print PDFHeight ==
(PDFWidth is ) print PDFWidth ==
(PDFLandscape is ) print PDFLandscape ==
} if
%
% Now get the page size of the current device. We will fit
% the PDF pages onto this using rotation and scaling as
% required.
%
currentpagedevice /PageSize get
dup 0 get /PageWidth exch def
1 get /PageHeight exch def
PageWidth PageHeight gt {
/PageLandscape true def
}{
/PageLandscape false def
}ifelse
Verbose{
(PageHeight is ) print PageHeight ==
(PageWidth is ) print PageWidth ==
(PageLandscape is ) print PageLandscape ==
} if
%
% Now figure out how best to fit the pages 2-up
%
PageLandscape PDFLandscape and {
%% Both landscape
/ScaleY PageHeight PDFWidth div
/ScaleX PageWidth 2 div PDFHeight div
ScaleX ScaleY lt {
/Scale ScaleX def
} {
/Scale ScaleY def
}ifelse
/Rotate 90
/OriginYTx PDFHeight neg def
/OriginXTx 0 def
/PageYTx PDFHeight def
/PageXTx 0 def
}{
PageLandscape {
%% Page is landscape, PDF is portrait
/ScaleY PageHeight PDFHeight div def
/ScaleX PageWidth 2 div PDFWidth div def
ScaleX ScaleY lt {
/Scale ScaleX def
} {
/Scale ScaleY def
}ifelse
/Rotate 0 def
/OriginXTx 0 def
/OriginYTx 0 def
/PageXTx PDFWidth def
/PageYTx 0 def
}{
PDFLandscape {
%% PDF is landscape, Page is portrait
/ScaleY PageHeight 2 div PDFHeight div def
/ScaleX PageWidth PDFWidth div def
ScaleX ScaleY lt {
/Scale ScaleX def
} {
/Scale ScaleY def
}ifelse
/Rotate 0 def
/OriginXTx 0 def
/OriginYTx PDFHeight def
/PageXTx 0 def
/PageYTx PDFHeight neg def
} {
%% Both portrait
/ScaleY PageHeight 2 div PDFWidth div def
/ScaleX PageWidth PDFHeight div def
ScaleX ScaleY lt {
/Scale ScaleX def
} {
/Scale ScaleY def
}ifelse
/Rotate 90 def
/OriginXTx 0 def
/OriginYTx PDFHeight neg def
/PageYTx 0 def
/PageXTx PDFWidth def
} ifelse
}ifelse
} ifelse
Verbose{
(ScaleX is ) print ScaleX ==
(ScaleY is ) print ScaleY ==
(Scale is ) print Scale ==
(Rotate is ) print Rotate ==
(OriginXTx is ) print OriginXTx ==
(OriginYTx is ) print OriginYTx ==
(PageXTx is ) print PageXTx ==
(PageYTx is ) print PageYTx ==
} if
%
% Starting at 0, count by 2, and stop at the last page, however
% account for the fact that the number of pages in the PDF
% file may not be even, in which case draw a final empty
%page
%
0 2 PDFPageCount 1 sub PDFPageCount 2 mod add {
%% loop counter
save %% save the state
exch %% exch the save state and the loop counter
Rotate rotate %%
Scale Scale scale %% set up our calculated CTM
OriginXTx OriginYTx translate %%
save %% and save this too
exch %% swap the save state and the loop counter
dup 1 add %% copy the loop counter, then add 1, stack: -save- -save- loop loop+1
Verbose {(Drawing page ) print dup ==} if
0 0 PageWidth PageHeight rectclip %% clip the page contents to the page size (in case of bleeds)
pdfgetpage %% get the page from the PDF file, stack: -save- -save- loop -dict-
dup /Page exch store %% save a copy of the page dict inside itself
pdfshowpage_init %% initialise the page
draw_page_content %% se above, draws the graphical objects, stack -save- -save- loop
exch %% swap back teh save object, stack: -save- loop -save-
restore %% restore back to our calculated CTM
PageXTx PageYTx translate %% Move to draw page 2
2 add dup PDFPageCount gt { %% If we have to draw an extra page, and this is it
Verbose {(Drawing extra page ) print dup ==} if
pop showpage %% pop the spare loop and draw an empty page, stack: -save-
}{
Verbose {(Drawing page ) print dup ==} if
0 0 PageWidth PageHeight rectclip
pdfgetpage
dup /Page exch store
pdfshowpage_init % <pagedict>
draw_page_content
showpage
} ifelse
restore %% restore back to the original CTM
} for
//runpdfend exec %% End the PDF file
end %% our working dictioanry