多维数据集未显示为多维数据集

Question

我有一些创建立方体的代码，然后将多边形模式更改为 line。然后我意识到它看起来不像一个立方体，而只是看起来像一个正方形，所以我试着旋转它。它似乎在旋转但停止显示正方形的一部分并且它似乎不是立方体。我不确定我是否正确旋转或正确绘制立方体，甚至两者都正确。

完整的 C++ 代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <glm.hpp>
#include <GL/freeglut.h>

void DrawCube(GLfloat centerPosX, GLfloat centerPosY, GLfloat centerPosZ, GLfloat edgeLength);

int main(void) {
    GLFWwindow* window;

    //Init library
    if (!glfwInit())
        return -1;
    //create a window
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    GLfloat screenWidth = 640;
    GLfloat screenHeight = 480;
    window = glfwCreateWindow(screenWidth, screenHeight, "electroCaft", NULL, NULL);
    if (!window) {
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glViewport(0.0f, 0.0f, screenWidth, screenHeight);
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glOrtho(0, screenWidth, 0, screenHeight, 0, 500); // essentially setting coodinates
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    GLfloat halfScreenWidth = screenWidth / 2;
    GLfloat halfScreenHeight = screenHeight / 2;

    //loop until user closes window
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
        //render graphics
        //glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
        glClearColor(62.0f / 255.0f, 85.9f / 255.0f, 255.0 / 255.0, 0.0);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        //drawing here

        DrawCube(halfScreenWidth, halfScreenHeight, -500, 250); //x,y,w,h z is calculated in cube func
        //DrawCube(halfScreenWidth, halfScreenHeight - 100, -500, 250);

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;

}


void DrawCube(GLfloat centerPosX, GLfloat centerPosY, GLfloat centerPosZ, GLfloat edgeLength) {
    GLfloat halfSideLength = edgeLength * 0.5;
    GLfloat vertices[] = {
        // front face
        centerPosX - halfSideLength, centerPosY + halfSideLength, centerPosZ + halfSideLength, //top left
        centerPosX + halfSideLength, centerPosY + halfSideLength, centerPosZ + halfSideLength, //top right
        centerPosX + halfSideLength, centerPosY - halfSideLength, centerPosZ + halfSideLength, //bottom right
        centerPosX - halfSideLength, centerPosY - halfSideLength, centerPosZ + halfSideLength, // bottom left

        // back face
        centerPosX - halfSideLength, centerPosY + halfSideLength, centerPosZ - halfSideLength, //top left
        centerPosX + halfSideLength, centerPosY + halfSideLength, centerPosZ - halfSideLength, //top right
        centerPosX + halfSideLength, centerPosY - halfSideLength, centerPosZ - halfSideLength, //bottom right
        centerPosX - halfSideLength, centerPosY - halfSideLength, centerPosZ - halfSideLength, // bottom left

        // left face
        centerPosX - halfSideLength, centerPosY + halfSideLength, centerPosZ + halfSideLength, //top left
        centerPosX - halfSideLength, centerPosY + halfSideLength, centerPosZ - halfSideLength, //top right
        centerPosX - halfSideLength, centerPosY - halfSideLength, centerPosZ - halfSideLength, //bottom right
        centerPosX - halfSideLength, centerPosY - halfSideLength, centerPosZ + halfSideLength, // bottom left

        // right face
        centerPosX + halfSideLength, centerPosY + halfSideLength, centerPosZ + halfSideLength, //top left
        centerPosX + halfSideLength, centerPosY + halfSideLength, centerPosZ - halfSideLength, //top right
        centerPosX + halfSideLength, centerPosY - halfSideLength, centerPosZ - halfSideLength, //bottom right
        centerPosX + halfSideLength, centerPosY - halfSideLength, centerPosZ + halfSideLength, // bottom left

        // top face
        centerPosX - halfSideLength, centerPosY + halfSideLength, centerPosZ + halfSideLength, //top left
        centerPosX - halfSideLength, centerPosY + halfSideLength, centerPosZ - halfSideLength, //top right
        centerPosX + halfSideLength, centerPosY + halfSideLength, centerPosZ - halfSideLength, //bottom right
        centerPosX + halfSideLength, centerPosY + halfSideLength, centerPosZ + halfSideLength, // bottom left

        // bottom face
        centerPosX - halfSideLength, centerPosY - halfSideLength, centerPosZ + halfSideLength, //top left
        centerPosX - halfSideLength, centerPosY - halfSideLength, centerPosZ - halfSideLength, //top right
        centerPosX + halfSideLength, centerPosY - halfSideLength, centerPosZ - halfSideLength, //bottom right
        centerPosX + halfSideLength, centerPosY - halfSideLength, centerPosZ + halfSideLength // bottom left
    };

    //glRotated(edgeLength, 0, 0, 1);
    glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
    glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
    glVertexPointer( 3, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertices);
    glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS, 0, 24);
    glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
}

Answer 1

不计算立方体的平移顶点坐标。围绕 (0, 0, 0) 绘制立方体。使用 glTranslate to move the cube at its position in the world. Befor the the cube can be rotated by glRotate。由于 glTranslate 和 glRotate 创建一个矩阵并将当前矩阵乘以新矩阵，因此必须在 glTranslate 指令之后执行 glRotate 指令。
如果立方体到眼睛位置的距离为 500，到远平面的距离为 500，则立方体的后半部分将被剪裁。设置 Orthographic projection by glOrtho 时必须更改远平面。例如：

glViewport(0.0f, 0.0f, screenWidth, screenHeight);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(0, screenWidth, 0, screenHeight, 0, 1000);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

GLfloat angle = 1.0;
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {

    glClearColor(62.0f / 255.0f, 85.9f / 255.0f, 255.0 / 255.0, 0.0);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glPushMatrix();

    glTranslatef((GLfloat)screenWidth/2.0f, (GLfloat)screenHeight/2.0f, -500.0f );
    glRotatef(angle, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    angle += 1.0f;
    DrawCube(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 250);

    glPopMatrix();

    glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    glfwPollEvents();
}

无论如何，对于 "real" 三维外观，我建议设置 Perspective projection by gluPerspective。例如：

glViewport(0.0f, 0.0f, screenWidth, screenHeight);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(90.0, (float)screenWidth/screenHeight, 1.0, 1000.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

GLfloat angle = 1.0;
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {

    glClearColor(62.0f / 255.0f, 85.9f / 255.0f, 255.0 / 255.0, 0.0);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glPushMatrix();

    glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -500 );
    glRotatef(angle, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    angle += 1.0f;
    DrawCube(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 250);

    glPopMatrix();

    glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    glfwPollEvents();
}

多维数据集未显示为多维数据集

Cube not being displayed as a cube

c++

opengl

rotation

matrix

opengl-compat