ASP.NET 核心中基于令牌的身份验证(已更新)

Token Based Authentication in ASP.NET Core (refreshed)

我正在使用 ASP.NET 核心应用程序。我正在尝试实施基于令牌的身份验证,但不知道如何使用新的 Security System.

我的场景: 客户端请求令牌。我的服务器应该授权用户和 return access_token,客户端将在以下请求中使用它。

这里有两篇关于实现我所需要的内容的精彩文章:

问题是 - 我不清楚如何在 ASP.NET Core 中做同样的事情。

我的问题是: 如何配置 ASP.NET Core Web Api 应用程序以使用基于令牌的身份验证?我应该追求什么方向?你有没有写过关于最新版本的文章,或者知道我在哪里可以找到?

谢谢!

要实现您所描述的,您将需要一个 OAuth2/OpenID 连接授权服务器和一个中间件来验证您的 API 的访问令牌。 Katana 曾经提供 OAuthAuthorizationServerMiddleware,但在 ASP.NET Core 中不再存在。

我建议看一下 AspNet.Security.OpenIdConnect.Server,您提到的教程使用的 OAuth2 授权服务器中间件的实验分支:有一个 OWIN/Katana 3 版本,以及支持 net451(.NET 桌面)和 netstandard1.4(与 .NET Core 兼容)的 ASP.NET 核心版本。

https://github.com/aspnet-contrib/AspNet.Security.OpenIdConnect.Server

不要错过 MVC 核心示例,该示例展示了如何使用 AspNet.Security.OpenIdConnect.Server 配置 OpenID Connect 授权服务器以及如何验证由服务器中间件:https://github.com/aspnet-contrib/AspNet.Security.OpenIdConnect.Server/blob/dev/samples/Mvc/Mvc.Server/Startup.cs

您还可以阅读此博客 post,它解释了如何实现资源所有者密码授予,这是 OAuth2 等同于基本身份验证的方法:http://kevinchalet.com/2016/07/13/creating-your-own-openid-connect-server-with-asos-implementing-the-resource-owner-password-credentials-grant/

Startup.cs

public class Startup
{
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddAuthentication();
    }

    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
    {
        // Add a new middleware validating the encrypted
        // access tokens issued by the OIDC server.
        app.UseOAuthValidation();

        // Add a new middleware issuing tokens.
        app.UseOpenIdConnectServer(options =>
        {
            options.TokenEndpointPath = "/connect/token";

            // Override OnValidateTokenRequest to skip client authentication.
            options.Provider.OnValidateTokenRequest = context =>
            {
                // Reject the token requests that don't use
                // grant_type=password or grant_type=refresh_token.
                if (!context.Request.IsPasswordGrantType() &&
                    !context.Request.IsRefreshTokenGrantType())
                {
                    context.Reject(
                        error: OpenIdConnectConstants.Errors.UnsupportedGrantType,
                        description: "Only grant_type=password and refresh_token " +
                                     "requests are accepted by this 
                    return Task.FromResult(0);
                }

                // Since there's only one application and since it's a public client
                // (i.e a client that cannot keep its credentials private),
                // call Skip() to inform the server the request should be
                // accepted without enforcing client authentication.
                context.Skip();

                return Task.FromResult(0);
            };

            // Override OnHandleTokenRequest to support
            // grant_type=password token requests.
            options.Provider.OnHandleTokenRequest = context =>
            {
                // Only handle grant_type=password token requests and let the
                // OpenID Connect server middleware handle the other grant types.
                if (context.Request.IsPasswordGrantType())
                {
                    // Do your credentials validation here.
                    // Note: you can call Reject() with a message
                    // to indicate that authentication failed.

                    var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(context.Options.AuthenticationScheme);
                    identity.AddClaim(OpenIdConnectConstants.Claims.Subject, "[unique id]");

                    // By default, claims are not serialized
                    // in the access and identity tokens.
                    // Use the overload taking a "destinations"
                    // parameter to make sure your claims
                    // are correctly inserted in the appropriate tokens.
                    identity.AddClaim("urn:customclaim", "value",
                        OpenIdConnectConstants.Destinations.AccessToken,
                        OpenIdConnectConstants.Destinations.IdentityToken);

                    var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(
                        new ClaimsPrincipal(identity),
                        new AuthenticationProperties(),
                        context.Options.AuthenticationScheme);

                    // Call SetScopes with the list of scopes you want to grant
                    // (specify offline_access to issue a refresh token).
                    ticket.SetScopes("profile", "offline_access");

                    context.Validate(ticket);
                }

                return Task.FromResult(0);
            };
        });
    }
}

project.json

{
  "dependencies": {
    "AspNet.Security.OAuth.Validation": "1.0.0",
    "AspNet.Security.OpenIdConnect.Server": "1.0.0"
  }
}

祝你好运!

这实际上是 的副本,随着它受到更多关注,我倾向于保持更新。那里的评论可能对您也有用!

已针对 .Net Core 2 更新:

此答案的先前版本使用 RSA;如果您生成令牌的相同代码也在验证令牌,那真的没有必要。但是,如果您要分配责任,您可能仍想使用 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.RsaSecurityKey.

的实例来执行此操作
  1. 创建一些我们稍后会用到的常量;这是我所做的:

    const string TokenAudience = "Myself";
    const string TokenIssuer = "MyProject";
    
  2. 将此添加到您 Startup.cs 的 ConfigureServices。稍后我们将使用依赖注入来访问这些设置。我假设您的 authenticationConfiguration 是一个 ConfigurationSectionConfiguration 对象,这样您就可以对调试和生产使用不同的配置。确保安全地存储您的密钥!它可以是任何字符串。

    var keySecret = authenticationConfiguration["JwtSigningKey"];
    var symmetricKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(keySecret));
    
    services.AddTransient(_ => new JwtSignInHandler(symmetricKey));
    
    services.AddAuthentication(options =>
    {
        // This causes the default authentication scheme to be JWT.
        // Without this, the Authorization header is not checked and
        // you'll get no results. However, this also means that if
        // you're already using cookies in your app, they won't be 
        // checked by default.
        options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
    })
        .AddJwtBearer(options =>
        {
            options.TokenValidationParameters.ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true;
            options.TokenValidationParameters.IssuerSigningKey = symmetricKey;
            options.TokenValidationParameters.ValidAudience = JwtSignInHandler.TokenAudience;
            options.TokenValidationParameters.ValidIssuer = JwtSignInHandler.TokenIssuer;
        });
    

    我看到其他答案更改了其他设置,例如ClockSkew;默认设置使其适用于时钟不完全同步的分布式环境。这些是您唯一需要更改的设置。

  3. 设置身份验证。你应该在任何需要你的 User 信息的中间件之前有这一行,例如 app.UseMvc().

    app.UseAuthentication();
    

    请注意,这不会导致您的令牌与 SignInManager 或其他任何内容一起发出。您需要提供自己的 JWT 输出机制 - 见下文。

  4. 您可能想要指定一个 AuthorizationPolicy。这将允许您使用 [Authorize("Bearer")].

    指定仅允许 Bearer 令牌作为身份验证的控制器和操作
    services.AddAuthorization(auth =>
    {
        auth.AddPolicy("Bearer", new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
            .AddAuthenticationTypes(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationType)
            .RequireAuthenticatedUser().Build());
    });
    
  5. 棘手的部分来了:构建令牌。

    class JwtSignInHandler
    {
        public const string TokenAudience = "Myself";
        public const string TokenIssuer = "MyProject";
        private readonly SymmetricSecurityKey key;
    
        public JwtSignInHandler(SymmetricSecurityKey symmetricKey)
        {
            this.key = symmetricKey;
        }
    
        public string BuildJwt(ClaimsPrincipal principal)
        {
            var creds = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
    
            var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
                issuer: TokenIssuer,
                audience: TokenAudience,
                claims: principal.Claims,
                expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(20),
                signingCredentials: creds
            );
    
            return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token);
        }
    }
    

    然后,在您想要令牌的控制器中,如下所示:

    [HttpPost]
    public string AnonymousSignIn([FromServices] JwtSignInHandler tokenFactory)
    {
        var principal = new System.Security.Claims.ClaimsPrincipal(new[]
        {
            new System.Security.Claims.ClaimsIdentity(new[]
            {
                new System.Security.Claims.Claim(System.Security.Claims.ClaimTypes.Name, "Demo User")
            })
        });
        return tokenFactory.BuildJwt(principal);
    }
    

    在这里,我假设你已经有了校长。如果您使用的是 Identity,则可以使用 IUserClaimsPrincipalFactory<>User 转换为 ClaimsPrincipal

  6. 测试一下:获取一个token,将其填入jwt.io处的表格中。我上面提供的说明还允许您使用配置中的秘密来验证签名!

  7. 如果您在 HTML 页面的部分视图中呈现此内容并结合 .Net 4.5 中的仅承载身份验证,您现在可以使用 ViewComponent做同样的事情。它与上面的 Controller Action 代码基本相同。

, I've created a fully working example of token-based authentication, working against ASP.NET Core (1.0.1). You can find the full code in this repository on GitHub (alternative branches for 1.0.0-rc1, beta8, beta7) 开始工作,但简而言之,重要的步骤是:

为您的应用程序生成密钥

在我的示例中,每次应用程序启动时我都会生成一个随机密钥,您需要生成一个并将其存储在某个地方并提供给您的应用程序。 See this file for how I'm generating a random key and how you might import it from a .json file. As suggested in the comments by @kspearrin, the Data Protection API 似乎是管理密钥 "correctly" 的理想人选,但我还没有想出这是否可行。如果你解决了,请提交拉取请求!

Startup.cs - 配置服务

在这里,我们需要为要签名的令牌加载一个私钥,我们还将使用它来验证所提供的令牌。我们将密钥存储在 class 级变量 key 中,我们将在下面的 Configure 方法中重复使用它。 TokenAuthOptions 是一个简单的 class,它包含我们在 TokenController 中创建密钥所需的签名身份、受众和发行者。

// Replace this with some sort of loading from config / file.
RSAParameters keyParams = RSAKeyUtils.GetRandomKey();

// Create the key, and a set of token options to record signing credentials 
// using that key, along with the other parameters we will need in the 
// token controlller.
key = new RsaSecurityKey(keyParams);
tokenOptions = new TokenAuthOptions()
{
    Audience = TokenAudience,
    Issuer = TokenIssuer,
    SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.Sha256Digest)
};

// Save the token options into an instance so they're accessible to the 
// controller.
services.AddSingleton<TokenAuthOptions>(tokenOptions);

// Enable the use of an [Authorize("Bearer")] attribute on methods and
// classes to protect.
services.AddAuthorization(auth =>
{
    auth.AddPolicy("Bearer", new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
        .AddAuthenticationSchemes(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme‌​)
        .RequireAuthenticatedUser().Build());
});

我们还设置了授权策略,允许我们在我们希望保护的端点和 class 上使用 [Authorize("Bearer")]

Startup.cs - 配置

这里,我们需要配置JwtBearerAuthentication:

app.UseJwtBearerAuthentication(new JwtBearerOptions {
    TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters {
        IssuerSigningKey = key,
        ValidAudience = tokenOptions.Audience,
        ValidIssuer = tokenOptions.Issuer,

        // When receiving a token, check that it is still valid.
        ValidateLifetime = true,

        // This defines the maximum allowable clock skew - i.e.
        // provides a tolerance on the token expiry time 
        // when validating the lifetime. As we're creating the tokens 
        // locally and validating them on the same machines which 
        // should have synchronised time, this can be set to zero. 
        // Where external tokens are used, some leeway here could be 
        // useful.
        ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(0)
    }
});

TokenController

在令牌控制器中,您需要有一个方法来使用在 Startup.cs 中加载的密钥生成签名密钥。我们已经在 Startup 中注册了一个 TokenAuthOptions 实例,所以我们需要在 TokenController 的构造函数中注入它:

[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class TokenController : Controller
{
    private readonly TokenAuthOptions tokenOptions;

    public TokenController(TokenAuthOptions tokenOptions)
    {
        this.tokenOptions = tokenOptions;
    }
...

然后您需要在处理程序中为登录端点生成令牌,在我的示例中,我使用用户名和密码并使用 if 语句验证它们,但您需要做的关键是创建或加载基于声明的身份并为其生成令牌:

public class AuthRequest
{
    public string username { get; set; }
    public string password { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>
/// Request a new token for a given username/password pair.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="req"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[HttpPost]
public dynamic Post([FromBody] AuthRequest req)
{
    // Obviously, at this point you need to validate the username and password against whatever system you wish.
    if ((req.username == "TEST" && req.password == "TEST") || (req.username == "TEST2" && req.password == "TEST"))
    {
        DateTime? expires = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(2);
        var token = GetToken(req.username, expires);
        return new { authenticated = true, entityId = 1, token = token, tokenExpires = expires };
    }
    return new { authenticated = false };
}

private string GetToken(string user, DateTime? expires)
{
    var handler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();

    // Here, you should create or look up an identity for the user which is being authenticated.
    // For now, just creating a simple generic identity.
    ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity(new GenericIdentity(user, "TokenAuth"), new[] { new Claim("EntityID", "1", ClaimValueTypes.Integer) });

    var securityToken = handler.CreateToken(new Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.SecurityTokenDescriptor() {
        Issuer = tokenOptions.Issuer,
        Audience = tokenOptions.Audience,
        SigningCredentials = tokenOptions.SigningCredentials,
        Subject = identity,
        Expires = expires
    });
    return handler.WriteToken(securityToken);
}

应该就是这样。只需将 [Authorize("Bearer")] 添加到您想要保护的任何方法或 class ,如果您尝试在没有令牌的情况下访问它,您应该会收到错误消息。如果你想 return 一个 401 而不是 500 错误,你需要注册一个自定义异常处理程序 as I have in my example here.

您可以使用 OpenIddict 提供令牌(登录),然后在访问 API/Controller 时使用 UseJwtBearerAuthentication 验证它们。

这基本上就是您在 Startup.cs:

中需要的所有配置

配置服务:

services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, ApplicationRole>()
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
    .AddDefaultTokenProviders()
    // this line is added for OpenIddict to plug in
    .AddOpenIddictCore<Application>(config => config.UseEntityFramework());

配置

app.UseOpenIddictCore(builder =>
{
    // here you tell openiddict you're wanting to use jwt tokens
    builder.Options.UseJwtTokens();
    // NOTE: for dev consumption only! for live, this is not encouraged!
    builder.Options.AllowInsecureHttp = true;
    builder.Options.ApplicationCanDisplayErrors = true;
});

// use jwt bearer authentication to validate the tokens
app.UseJwtBearerAuthentication(options =>
{
    options.AutomaticAuthenticate = true;
    options.AutomaticChallenge = true;
    options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
    // must match the resource on your token request
    options.Audience = "http://localhost:58292/";
    options.Authority = "http://localhost:58292/";
});

还有一两件小事,比如你的 DbContext 需要派生自 OpenIddictContext<ApplicationUser, Application, ApplicationRole, string>

您可以在我的博客 post 上看到完整的解释(包括正在运行的 github 存储库): http://capesean.co.za/blog/asp-net-5-jwt-tokens/

您可以查看 OpenId 连接示例,其中说明了如何处理不同的身份验证机制,包括 JWT 令牌:

https://github.com/aspnet-contrib/AspNet.Security.OpenIdConnect.Samples

如果您查看 Cordova 后端项目,API 的配置如下所示:

app.UseWhen(context => context.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments(new PathString("/api")), 
      branch => {
                branch.UseJwtBearerAuthentication(options => {
                    options.AutomaticAuthenticate = true;
                    options.AutomaticChallenge = true;
                    options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
                    options.Audience = "localhost:54540";
                    options.Authority = "localhost:54540";
                });
    });

/Providers/AuthorizationProvider.cs 中的逻辑和该项目的 RessourceController 也值得一看 ;)。

此外,我已经使用 Aurelia 前端框架和 ASP.NET 内核实现了一个基于令牌的身份验证实现的单页应用程序。还有一个信号R持久连接。但是我没有做过任何数据库实现。 代码可以在这里看到: https://github.com/alexandre-spieser/AureliaAspNetCoreAuth

希望这对您有所帮助,

最佳,

亚历克斯