如何删除所有 XML 与 python 中的标签名称和属性匹配的标签

Question

我有一个大的扁平 xsd 文件，其中每个标签前面都有 "xs:Something"。我在扁平化的 XML 中编制了一个未使用类型的列表，我想要一种自动的方式来删除开始标签、结束标签以及它们之间的所有内容。

示例XSD：

<!--W3C XML Schema generated by XMLSpy v2019 rel. 3 sp1 (x64) (http://www.altova.com)-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://www.opentravel.org/OTA/2003/05" targetNamespace="http://www.opentravel.org/OTA/2003/05" elementFormDefault="qualified">
    <xs:annotation>
        <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">All Schema files in the OpenTravel Alliance specification are made available according to the terms defined by the OpenTravel License Agreement at http://www.opentravel.org/Specifications/Default.aspx.</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:simpleType name="AvailabilityStatusType">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifies the availability status of an item.</xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKENS">
            <xs:enumeration value="Open">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory is available for sale.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="Close">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory is not available for sale.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="ClosedOnArrival">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory is not available for sale to arriving guests.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="ClosedOnArrivalOnRequest">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory may not be available for sale to arriving guests.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="OnRequest">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory may be available.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="RemoveCloseOnly">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Remove Close restriction while keeping other restrictions in place.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
        </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleType>
    <xs:simpleType name="RatePlanEnum">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifies rate plan types.</xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKENS">
            <xs:enumeration value="Government">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory is available for sale.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="Negotiated">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory is not available for sale.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="Preferred">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory is not available for sale to arriving guests.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="Other_">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory may not be available for sale to arriving guests.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
        </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleType>

假设我未使用的类型列表如下： myTypes = [RatePlanEnum]

这意味着我要删除整个 simpleType name=RatePlanEnum 节点。

我试过了：

from lxml import etree 
doc = etree.parse('myfile.xml') 
for elem in doc.findall('.//xs:simpleType'): 
    parent = elem.getparent() 
    if(elem.attrib.get('name') = 'RatePlanEnum'): 
        parent.remove(elem)

如何以编程方式执行此操作并在所有修改后吐出 xml？

Answer 1

使用 lxml，您可以应用 XSLT-1.0 样式表，该样式表忽略将参数传递给样式表时应该删除的元素。文件的其余部分由 身份模板 复制，不必要的空格由 xsl:strip-space.

删除

这里传参是remov(=RatePlanEnum):

remov = ET.XSLT.strparam('RatePlanEnum')

XSLT-1.0 样式表 (remove.xslt):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
    <xsl:output method="xml" omit-xml-declaration="no" indent="yes"/>
    <xsl:strip-space elements="*" />
    <xsl:param name="toRemove" />

    <xsl:template match="node()|@*">
        <xsl:copy>
            <xsl:apply-templates select="node()|@*" />
        </xsl:copy>
    </xsl:template>

    <xsl:template match="xs:simpleType">
        <xsl:if test="@name != $toRemove">
            <xsl:copy>
                <xsl:apply-templates select="node()|@*" />
            </xsl:copy>
        </xsl:if>
    </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

调用此样式表的 Python 代码可以是：

import lxml.etree as ET

# Parse XML and XSLT
dom = ET.parse(input_xml_filename)
xslt = ET.parse('remove.xslt')
transform = ET.XSLT(xslt)
# Set the parameter which specifies the element to be removed
remov = ET.XSLT.strparam('RatePlanEnum')
result = transform(dom, toRemove=remov)

# Print the result
print(ET.tostring(result, pretty_print=True))

Answer 2

此文件使用命名空间 xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"，您必须在 findall()

中使用 {http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema} 而不是 xs:

 doc.findall('.//{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}simpleType'):

文档：lxml - Namespaces

完整示例：

from lxml import etree 

data = '''<!--W3C XML Schema generated by XMLSpy v2019 rel. 3 sp1 (x64) (http://www.altova.com)-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://www.opentravel.org/OTA/2003/05" targetNamespace="http://www.opentravel.org/OTA/2003/05" elementFormDefault="qualified">
    <xs:annotation>
        <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">All Schema files in the OpenTravel Alliance specification are made available according to the terms defined by the OpenTravel License Agreement at http://www.opentravel.org/Specifications/Default.aspx.</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:simpleType name="AvailabilityStatusType">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifies the availability status of an item.</xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKENS">
            <xs:enumeration value="Open">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory is available for sale.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="Close">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory is not available for sale.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="ClosedOnArrival">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory is not available for sale to arriving guests.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="ClosedOnArrivalOnRequest">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory may not be available for sale to arriving guests.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="OnRequest">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory may be available.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="RemoveCloseOnly">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Remove Close restriction while keeping other restrictions in place.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
        </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleType>
    <xs:simpleType name="RatePlanEnum">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifies rate plan types.</xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKENS">
            <xs:enumeration value="Government">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory is available for sale.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="Negotiated">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory is not available for sale.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="Preferred">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory is not available for sale to arriving guests.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
            <xs:enumeration value="Other_">
                <xs:annotation>
                    <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inventory may not be available for sale to arriving guests.</xs:documentation>
                </xs:annotation>
            </xs:enumeration>
        </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleType>
</xs:schema>'''

doc = etree.fromstring(data)

for elem in doc.findall('.//{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}simpleType'):
    parent = elem.getparent()
    if elem.attrib.get('name') == 'RatePlanEnum':
        parent.remove(elem)

print(etree.tostring(doc).decode())

如何删除所有 XML 与 python 中的标签名称和属性匹配的标签

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