Return table b 中日期最接近但大于现在的记录 NOW(),对于 table a 中的每条记录

Return the record with the date closest to but greater than now NOW() in table b, for each record in table a

服务器版本:10.3.15-MariaDB-log

我有这样的数据结构

TABLE A - Participant

participantID
--------------
1
2
3
4

TABLE B - Appointment

appointmentID | participantID | locationID | beginDateTime
----------------------------------------------------------------
1             | 1             | 1          | 2019-10-09 11:00:00
2             | 1             | 1          | 2019-10-10 11:00:00
3             | 2             | 2          | 2019-10-11 11:00:00
4             | 3             | 3          | 2019-11-09 11:00:00
5             | 5             | 1          | 2019-10-15 11:00:00

TABLE C - Location

locationID | locationTypeID
----------------------------
1          | 1
2          | 2
3          | 3

TABLE D - Location Type

locationTypeID | locationType
-----------------------------
1              | mobile
2              | onsite
3              | unknown

我只想获得有未来约会的参与者,并且我只想 return 如果他们未来约会的位置是移动位置类型,我只想获得这些参与者。但是,我只关心他们最近约会的地点。我需要在单个查询中执行此操作。我已经到了这个阶段,在那里我能够获得所有地点的位置类型,对于所有比现在更大的约会,对于所有人,但我需要将其限制在他们未来最近的约会并且我不知道如何继续。

SELECT p.participantID
FROM locationType AS lt
LEFT JOIN location AS l ON l.locationTypeID = lt.locationTypeID
LEFT JOIN appointment AS a ON a.locationID = l.locationID
LEFT JOIN participant AS p ON p.participantID = a.participantID
WHERE p.participantID IN (
    SELECT a.participantID
    FROM appointment AS a
    LEFT JOIN location AS l ON l.locationID = a.locationID
    LEFT JOIN locationType AS lt ON lt.locationTypeID = l.locationTYpeID
    WHERE a.beginDateTime > NOW()
    AND l.locationTypeID IN (
        SELECT locationTypeID 
        FROM locationType 
        WHERE locationType = 'mobile'
    )
);

MariaDB 10.3 支持Window Functions;因此,一种方法是根据您的要求简单地连接表,然后按 beginDateTime 的升序计算行号。之后,您可以将结果用作子查询,只考虑行号为 1 的那些行。

ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY p.participantID ORDER BY a.beginDateTime ASC) :它将具有相同 p.participantID 值的所有行划分在一起。它类似于 GROUP BY,但这里的主要区别在于 GROUP BY 将它们聚合成一行,而 PARTITION BY 将它们作为单独的行维护。现在,在特定值 p.participantID 的特定分区内,它按 beginDateTime 值的升序为各个行分配行号。因此,具有最低 beginDateTime 值的行获得行号 = 1,第二低的行为 2,依此类推。由于您想要最近的日期时间行,因此我们可以简单地考虑行号为 1 的行。

SELECT * FROM 
(
  SELECT p.participantID, 
         ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY p.participantID 
                           ORDER BY a.beginDateTime ASC) AS rn
  FROM locationType AS lt
  JOIN location AS l ON l.locationTypeID = lt.locationTypeID
  JOIN appointment AS a ON a.locationID = l.locationID 
                           AND a.beginDateTime > NOW() 
  JOIN participant AS p ON p.participantID = a.participantID 
  WHERE lt.locationType = 'Mobile'
) dt 
WHERE rn = 1