如何使用 Python 以人类可读的方式打印一副纸牌

Question

我正在创建一副纸牌作为列表，需要打印出纸牌。但是，当我尝试打印牌组时，它 return 是对象 ID 而不是可读的东西。

注意，这里的代码不完整。牌组 class 应该接受输入花色和 return 该花色的牌 2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、J、Q、K、A。默认应该 return 一副完整的 52 张卡片组。但是，我还没有想出一种方法来使所有西装都成为默认值。目前默认保存为黑桃作为占位符。

我试过使用 str 和 repr 函数，但似乎没有什么不同。我在 repr 函数的尝试实现中也没有收到错误，所以我假设我没有弄乱语法或任何东西。

from random import shuffle

# possible errors
class Error(Exception):
   """Base class for other exceptions"""
   pass
class RankError(Error):
    """Raised when input rank is not a valid card rank"""
    pass
class SuitError(Error):
   """Raised when input rank is not a valid card suit"""
   pass
class NoCardsError(Error):
    """Raised when deck does not have enough cards to deal"""
    pass

all_rank = ["2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "J", "Q", "K", "A"]
all_suit = ["♠", "♥", "♦", "♣"] 
hand = []

class PlayingCard:
    def __init__(self, rank, suit):
        if str(rank) not in all_rank:
            raise RankError("Invalid rank! Rank must be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, J, Q, K, or A")
        if suit not in all_suit:
            raise SuitError("Invalid suit! Suit must be ♠, ♥, ♦, or ♣")
        self.rank = rank
        self.suit = suit
    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.rank) + " of " + str(self.suit)

class Deck:
    def __init__(self, suit = "♠"): # current default is spades, need to think of way to make default all the suits
        self.cards = [PlayingCard(rank, suit) for rank in all_rank]

    def __repr__(self):
        return "%r of %r" % (self.rank, self.suit)

    def shuffle_deck():
        self.shuffled_cards = random.shuffle(self.cards)

    def deal_card(card_count):
        if card_count > len(cards):
            raise NoCardsError("Not enough cards in the deck to deal.")
        else:
            hand = hand.append(cards.pop())
            return hand


deck1 = Deck()
print(deck1.cards)

我希望列表输出看起来像

[2 的 ♠，3 的 ♠，4 的 ♠ 的 5，6 的 ♠，等等]

但实际输出是

[<main.PlayingCard 对象在 0x000001BE6C17EDD8>, <main.PlayingCard 对象在 0x000001BE6C17EB38>, < main.PlayingCard object at 0x000001BE6C17E748>, <main.PlayingCard object at 0x000001BE6C17E198>, <main.PlayingCard object at 0x000001BE6C17E400> , <main.PlayingCard 对象在 0x000001BE6C17E6A0>, <main.PlayingCard 对象在 0x000001BE6C17EE80>, <main[=42= .PlayingCard object at 0x000001BE6C17E470>, <main.PlayingCard object at 0x000001BE6C17E320>, <main.PlayingCard object at 0x000001BE6C17EEB8>, <main.PlayingCard object at 0x000001BE6C17E160>, <main.PlayingCard object at 0x000001BE6C17E358>, <main.PlayingCard object at 0x000001BE6C17EF98>]

Answer 1

要打印 uncover the weird object notation, try put the __repr__ definition in the PlayingCard class

例如：

class PlayingCard:
    def __init__(self, rank, suit):
        if str(rank) not in all_rank:
            raise RankError("Invalid rank! Rank must be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, J, Q, K, or A")
        if suit not in all_suit:
            raise SuitError("Invalid suit! Suit must be ♠, ♥, ♦, or ♣")
        self.rank = rank
        self.suit = suit
    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.rank) + " of " + str(self.suit)

    # ADDITION HERE
    def __repr__(self):
        return "%r of %r" % (self.rank, self.suit)

所以运行 print(deck1.cards)会输出

['2' of '♠', '3' of '♠', '4' of '♠', '5' of '♠', '6' of '♠', '7' of '♠', '8' of '♠', '9' of '♠', '10' of '♠', 'J' of '♠', 'Q' of '♠', 'K' of '♠', 'A' of '♠']

要打印整副牌，您需要更新 Deck class 的 __init__ 定义。

def __init__(self, suit = all_suit):
    self.cards = [PlayingCard(rank, one_suit) for rank in all_rank
                                              for one_suit in suit]

运行 print(deck1.cards) 再次，它会打印出以下内容。

['2' of '♠', '2' of '♥', '2' of '♦', '2' of '♣', '3' of '♠', '3' of '♥', '3' of '♦', '3' of '♣', '4' of '♠', '4' of '♥', '4' of '♦', '4' of '♣', '5' of '♠', '5' of '♥', '5' of '♦', '5' of '♣', '6' of '♠', '6' of '♥', '6' of '♦', '6' of '♣', '7' of '♠', '7' of '♥', '7' of '♦', '7' of '♣', '8' of '♠', '8' of '♥', '8' of '♦', '8' of '♣', '9' of '♠', '9' of '♥', '9' of '♦', '9' of '♣', '10' of '♠', '10' of '♥', '10' of '♦', '10' of '♣', 'J' of '♠', 'J' of '♥', 'J' of '♦', 'J' of '♣', 'Q' of '♠', 'Q' of '♥', 'Q' of '♦', 'Q' of '♣', 'K' of '♠', 'K' of '♥', 'K' of '♦', 'K' of '♣', 'A' of '♠', 'A' of '♥', 'A' of '♦', 'A' of '♣']

并仔细检查我们有多少：

print(len(deck1.cards))  # 52

如何使用 Python 以人类可读的方式打印一副纸牌

How to print deck of cards in human readable way using Python

python

class

repr