我如何利用 werkzeug.security 的 check_password_hash 函数根据现有的加盐 sha1 密码哈希值验证密码是否正确

How can I utilize werkzeug.security's check_password_hash function to verify correct password against existing salted sha1 password hashes

我正在开发一个新的 python 应用程序,用于需要验证我们数据库中现有用户凭据的工作。我们的许多遗留应用程序都是基于 PHP 的 Symfony 框架构建的,这些密码散列和盐就是从这里产生的。在数据库中,保留了算法 (sha1)、salt 和用户的散列密码。我试图弄清楚如何结合 werkzeug.security 模块的 check_password_hash 函数使用此信息正确验证密码。然而,到目前为止,我一直没有成功。

出于演示目的,我创建了一个测试用户,数据库包含该用户的以下值。

测试用户价值观

algorithm: sha1
salt:e40e1e9addc186828a5554a71527342c
password(散列):784517f57fbe61179960739e29d7ae925aa4fd5b

测试用户实际密码为123456

我尝试了以下方法来验证密码。

备注:
1. 哈希格式改编自 werkzeug.security 文档
2. Comparative Hash方法改编自

from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash
from werkzeug.security import check_password_hash

# Attempt 1 - Results in False
check_password_hash('sha1$e40e1e9addc186828a5554a71527342c4517f57fbe61179960739e29d7ae925aa4fd5b','123456')

# Attempt 2 - Results in False
check_password_hash('pbkdf2:sha1$e40e1e9addc186828a5554a71527342c4517f57fbe61179960739e29d7ae925aa4fd5b','123456')

# Attempt 3
# Step 1: Append the salt_value to the given password and hash it using the same hash function.
generate_password_hash('123456$e40e1e9addc186828a5554a71527342c','sha1')
# sha1lUceSsdf7dcb3ff9c22d4613e59fcbfed0c463ee4189e
# Step 2: Compare the hash to the hash in the database
# 60f7dcb3ff9c22d4613e59fcbfed0c463ee4189e != 784517f57fbe61179960739e29d7ae925aa4fd5b

# Attempt 4 - Same steps as Attempt 3 except adding salt_length argument
# Step 1: Append the salt_value to the given password and hash it using the same hash function.  
generate_password_hash('123456$e40e1e9addc186828a5554a71527342c','sha1',len('e40e1e9addc186828a5554a71527342c'))
# sha1$EbPv6DP0wMyu02UpA6ZYazFvvYvZTVI1$b8252583fea027d42af20c0d0f3eac3fbf468bd1
# Step 2: Compare the hash to the hash in the database
# b8252583fea027d42af20c0d0f3eac3fbf468bd1 != 784517f57fbe61179960739e29d7ae925aa4fd5b

任何人都可以提供一些关于我做错了什么的见解吗?我应该尝试使用 passlib 等不同的库吗?我希望这个模块足够了,因为我很熟悉它,已经创建了一些我们现有的 python 应用程序,这些应用程序将它用于 new 用户注册,但是在一个单独的数据库中。

编辑 - 显示使用 werkzeug.securitycheck_password_hash 函数的替代方法

import hashlib
# hashlib.sha1('{salt}{pw}'.encode()).hexdigest() == {pw_hash}
hashlib.sha1('e40e1e9addc186828a5554a71527342c123456'.encode()).hexdigest() == '784517f57fbe61179960739e29d7ae925aa4fd5b'
# True

werkzeug.generate_password_hash 想要生成盐值。查看源代码,我们可以看到 _hash_internal 使用生成的 salt 值调用。

def generate_password_hash(password, method="pbkdf2:sha256", salt_length=8):
    """Hash a password with the given method and salt with a string of
    the given length. The format of the string returned includes the method
    that was used so that :func:`check_password_hash` can check the hash.

    The format for the hashed string looks like this::

        method$salt$hash

    This method can **not** generate unsalted passwords but it is possible
    to set param method='plain' in order to enforce plaintext passwords.
    If a salt is used, hmac is used internally to salt the password.

    If PBKDF2 is wanted it can be enabled by setting the method to
    ``pbkdf2:method:iterations`` where iterations is optional::

        pbkdf2:sha256:80000$salt$hash
        pbkdf2:sha256$salt$hash

    :param password: the password to hash.
    :param method: the hash method to use (one that hashlib supports). Can
                   optionally be in the format ``pbkdf2:<method>[:iterations]``
                   to enable PBKDF2.
    :param salt_length: the length of the salt in letters.
    """
    salt = gen_salt(salt_length) if method != "plain" else ""
    h, actual_method = _hash_internal(method, salt, password)
    return "%s$%s$%s" % (actual_method, salt, h)

如果我们使用您的 sha1 方法调用 _hash_internal,并提供 salt/password,我们会得到一个不同的哈希值

In [83]: import werkzeug.security                                                                                                                                                     

In [84]: h, method = werkzeug.security._hash_internal('sha1', 'e40e1e9addc186828a5554a71527342c', '123456')                                                                           

In [86]: h == '784517f57fbe61179960739e29d7ae925aa4fd5b'                                                                                                                              
Out[86]: False

In [85]: h                                                                                                                                                                            
Out[85]: 'e8c2de9bdc1ab92479e3e55b608a040dad7bf656'

我认为您需要重新访问 PHP 代码以了解这些值是如何生成的。

编辑:根据您的评论

In [138]: werkzeug.security._hash_internal('sha1', '', 'e40e1e9addc186828a5554a71527342c123456')                                                                                      
Out[138]: ('784517f57fbe61179960739e29d7ae925aa4fd5b', 'sha1')

如果你想使用 check_password_hash,你不必在你的哈希上设置盐,而是将它添加到你的密码前:

In [148]: werkzeug.check_password_hash('sha1$4517f57fbe61179960739e29d7ae925aa4fd5b', 'e40e1e9addc186828a5554a71527342c123456')                                                    
Out[148]: True

如果我们查看源代码,我们可以看到 check_password_hashpwhash 中提取 methodsalthashval,然后验证散列 password 匹配 hashval。我不熟悉 PHP 中的散列,但看起来密码是 "salted" 然后不加盐散列(就 werkzeug.security 而言)。

def check_password_hash(pwhash, password):
    """check a password against a given salted and hashed password value.
    In order to support unsalted legacy passwords this method supports
    plain text passwords, md5 and sha1 hashes (both salted and unsalted).

    Returns `True` if the password matched, `False` otherwise.

    :param pwhash: a hashed string like returned by
                   :func:`generate_password_hash`.
    :param password: the plaintext password to compare against the hash.
    """
    if pwhash.count("$") < 2:
        return False
    method, salt, hashval = pwhash.split("$", 2)
    return safe_str_cmp(_hash_internal(method, salt, password)[0], hashval)