使用 Pool() 的大型计算期间的多处理死锁。apply_async
Multiprocessing deadlocks during large computation using Pool().apply_async
我在 Python 3.7.3 中遇到一个问题，我的多处理操作（使用队列、池和 apply_async）在处理大型计算任务时会死锁。
对于小型计算，这个多处理任务工作得很好。然而，当处理更大的进程时，多进程任务停止或死锁，完全没有退出进程！我读到如果你 "grow your queue without bounds, and you are joining up to a subprocess that is waiting for room in the queue [...] your main process is stalled waiting for that one to complete, and it never will." ()
就会发生这种情况
我无法将此概念转换为代码。我将非常感谢有关重构我在下面编写的代码的指导：
import multiprocessing as mp
def listener(q, d): # task to queue information into a manager dictionary
while True:
item_to_write = q.get()
if item_to_write == 'kill':
break
foo = d['region']
foo.add(item_to_write)
d['region'] = foo # add items and set to manager dictionary
def main():
manager = mp.Manager()
q = manager.Queue()
d = manager.dict()
d['region'] = set()
pool = mp.Pool(mp.cpu_count() + 2)
watcher = pool.apply_async(listener, (q, d))
jobs = []
for i in range(24):
job = pool.apply_async(execute_search, (q, d)) # task for multiprocessing
jobs.append(job)
for job in jobs:
job.get() # begin multiprocessing task
q.put('kill') # kill multiprocessing task (view listener function)
pool.close()
pool.join()
print('process complete')
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
最终，我想完全防止死锁，以促进可以无限期运行直到完成的多处理任务。
下面是在 BASH
中退出死锁时的回溯
^CTraceback (most recent call last):
File "multithread_search_cl_gamma.py", line 260, in <module>
main(GEOTAG)
File "multithread_search_cl_gamma.py", line 248, in main
job.get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 651, in get
Process ForkPoolWorker-28:
Process ForkPoolWorker-31:
Process ForkPoolWorker-30:
Process ForkPoolWorker-27:
Process ForkPoolWorker-29:
Process ForkPoolWorker-26:
self.wait(timeout)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 648, in wait
Traceback (most recent call last):
Traceback (most recent call last):
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
self.run()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
self.run()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 110, in worker
task = get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 110, in worker
task = get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 351, in get
with self._rlock:
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 351, in get
self._event.wait(timeout)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/threading.py", line 552, in wait
Traceback (most recent call last):
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
self.run()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 110, in worker
task = get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 352, in get
res = self._reader.recv_bytes()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 216, in recv_bytes
buf = self._recv_bytes(maxlength)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 407, in _recv_bytes
buf = self._recv(4)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 379, in _recv
chunk = read(handle, remaining)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
self.run()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 110, in worker
task = get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 351, in get
with self._rlock:
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 95, in __enter__
return self._semlock.__enter__()
KeyboardInterrupt
KeyboardInterrupt
signaled = self._cond.wait(timeout)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/threading.py", line 296, in wait
waiter.acquire()
KeyboardInterrupt
with self._rlock:
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 95, in __enter__
return self._semlock.__enter__()
KeyboardInterrupt
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
self.run()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 110, in worker
task = get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 351, in get
with self._rlock:
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 95, in __enter__
return self._semlock.__enter__()
KeyboardInterrupt
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 95, in __enter__
return self._semlock.__enter__()
KeyboardInterrupt
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
self.run()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 110, in worker
task = get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 351, in get
with self._rlock:
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 95, in __enter__
return self._semlock.__enter__()
KeyboardInterrupt
下面是更新后的脚本：
import multiprocessing as mp
import queue
def listener(q, d, stop_event):
while not stop_event.is_set():
try:
while True:
item_to_write = q.get(False)
if item_to_write == 'kill':
break
foo = d['region']
foo.add(item_to_write)
d['region'] = foo
except queue.Empty:
pass
time.sleep(0.5)
if not q.empty():
continue
def main():
manager = mp.Manager()
stop_event = manager.Event()
q = manager.Queue()
d = manager.dict()
d['region'] = set()
pool = mp.get_context("spawn").Pool(mp.cpu_count() + 2)
watcher = pool.apply_async(listener, (q, d, stop_event))
stop_event.set()
jobs = []
for i in range(24):
job = pool.apply_async(execute_search, (q, d))
jobs.append(job)
for job in jobs:
job.get()
q.put('kill')
pool.close()
pool.join()
print('process complete')
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
更新::
execute_command 执行搜索所需的几个过程，所以我在 q.put() 所在的位置输入代码。
独自一人，脚本将需要 > 72 小时才能完成。每个多进程从不完成整个任务，而是单独工作并引用 manager.dict() 以避免重复任务。这些任务一直工作到 manager.dict() 中的每个元组都已处理。
def area(self, tup, housing_dict, q):
state, reg, sub_reg = tup[0], tup[1], tup[2]
for cat in housing_dict:
"""
computationally expensive, takes > 72 hours
for a list of 512 tup(s)
"""
result = self.search_geotag(
state, reg, cat, area=sub_reg
)
q.put(tup)
最终将q.put(tup)放在listener函数中将tup添加到manager.dict()
由于 listener 和 execute_search 共享同一个队列对象，因此可能存在竞争，
其中 execute_search 在 listener 之前从队列中获取 'kill'，因此 listener 将永远阻塞 get()，因为没有更多新项目。
对于这种情况，您可以使用事件对象来通知所有进程停止：
import multiprocessing as mp
import queue
def listener(q, d, stop_event):
while not stop_event.is_set():
try:
item_to_write = q.get(timeout=0.1)
foo = d['region']
foo.add(item_to_write)
d['region'] = foo
except queue.Empty:
pass
print("Listener process stopped")
def main():
manager = mp.Manager()
stop_event = manager.Event()
q = manager.Queue()
d = manager.dict()
d['region'] = set()
pool = mp.get_context("spawn").Pool(mp.cpu_count() + 2)
watcher = pool.apply_async(listener, (q, d, stop_event))
stop_event.set()
jobs = []
for i in range(24):
job = pool.apply_async(execute_search, (q, d))
jobs.append(job)
try:
for job in jobs:
job.get(300) #get the result or throws a timeout exception after 300 seconds
except multiprocessing.TimeoutError:
pool.terminate()
stop_event.set() # stop listener process
print('process complete')
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
我在 Python 3.7.3 中遇到一个问题，我的多处理操作（使用队列、池和 apply_async）在处理大型计算任务时会死锁。
对于小型计算，这个多处理任务工作得很好。然而，当处理更大的进程时，多进程任务停止或死锁，完全没有退出进程！我读到如果你 "grow your queue without bounds, and you are joining up to a subprocess that is waiting for room in the queue [...] your main process is stalled waiting for that one to complete, and it never will." (
我无法将此概念转换为代码。我将非常感谢有关重构我在下面编写的代码的指导：
import multiprocessing as mp
def listener(q, d): # task to queue information into a manager dictionary
while True:
item_to_write = q.get()
if item_to_write == 'kill':
break
foo = d['region']
foo.add(item_to_write)
d['region'] = foo # add items and set to manager dictionary
def main():
manager = mp.Manager()
q = manager.Queue()
d = manager.dict()
d['region'] = set()
pool = mp.Pool(mp.cpu_count() + 2)
watcher = pool.apply_async(listener, (q, d))
jobs = []
for i in range(24):
job = pool.apply_async(execute_search, (q, d)) # task for multiprocessing
jobs.append(job)
for job in jobs:
job.get() # begin multiprocessing task
q.put('kill') # kill multiprocessing task (view listener function)
pool.close()
pool.join()
print('process complete')
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
最终，我想完全防止死锁，以促进可以无限期运行直到完成的多处理任务。
下面是在 BASH
中退出死锁时的回溯^CTraceback (most recent call last):
File "multithread_search_cl_gamma.py", line 260, in <module>
main(GEOTAG)
File "multithread_search_cl_gamma.py", line 248, in main
job.get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 651, in get
Process ForkPoolWorker-28:
Process ForkPoolWorker-31:
Process ForkPoolWorker-30:
Process ForkPoolWorker-27:
Process ForkPoolWorker-29:
Process ForkPoolWorker-26:
self.wait(timeout)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 648, in wait
Traceback (most recent call last):
Traceback (most recent call last):
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
self.run()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
self.run()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 110, in worker
task = get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 110, in worker
task = get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 351, in get
with self._rlock:
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 351, in get
self._event.wait(timeout)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/threading.py", line 552, in wait
Traceback (most recent call last):
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
self.run()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 110, in worker
task = get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 352, in get
res = self._reader.recv_bytes()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 216, in recv_bytes
buf = self._recv_bytes(maxlength)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 407, in _recv_bytes
buf = self._recv(4)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 379, in _recv
chunk = read(handle, remaining)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
self.run()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 110, in worker
task = get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 351, in get
with self._rlock:
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 95, in __enter__
return self._semlock.__enter__()
KeyboardInterrupt
KeyboardInterrupt
signaled = self._cond.wait(timeout)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/threading.py", line 296, in wait
waiter.acquire()
KeyboardInterrupt
with self._rlock:
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 95, in __enter__
return self._semlock.__enter__()
KeyboardInterrupt
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
self.run()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 110, in worker
task = get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 351, in get
with self._rlock:
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 95, in __enter__
return self._semlock.__enter__()
KeyboardInterrupt
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 95, in __enter__
return self._semlock.__enter__()
KeyboardInterrupt
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
self.run()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 110, in worker
task = get()
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 351, in get
with self._rlock:
File "/Users/Ira/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 95, in __enter__
return self._semlock.__enter__()
KeyboardInterrupt
下面是更新后的脚本：
import multiprocessing as mp
import queue
def listener(q, d, stop_event):
while not stop_event.is_set():
try:
while True:
item_to_write = q.get(False)
if item_to_write == 'kill':
break
foo = d['region']
foo.add(item_to_write)
d['region'] = foo
except queue.Empty:
pass
time.sleep(0.5)
if not q.empty():
continue
def main():
manager = mp.Manager()
stop_event = manager.Event()
q = manager.Queue()
d = manager.dict()
d['region'] = set()
pool = mp.get_context("spawn").Pool(mp.cpu_count() + 2)
watcher = pool.apply_async(listener, (q, d, stop_event))
stop_event.set()
jobs = []
for i in range(24):
job = pool.apply_async(execute_search, (q, d))
jobs.append(job)
for job in jobs:
job.get()
q.put('kill')
pool.close()
pool.join()
print('process complete')
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
更新::
execute_command 执行搜索所需的几个过程，所以我在 q.put() 所在的位置输入代码。
独自一人，脚本将需要 > 72 小时才能完成。每个多进程从不完成整个任务，而是单独工作并引用 manager.dict() 以避免重复任务。这些任务一直工作到 manager.dict() 中的每个元组都已处理。
def area(self, tup, housing_dict, q):
state, reg, sub_reg = tup[0], tup[1], tup[2]
for cat in housing_dict:
"""
computationally expensive, takes > 72 hours
for a list of 512 tup(s)
"""
result = self.search_geotag(
state, reg, cat, area=sub_reg
)
q.put(tup)
最终将q.put(tup)放在listener函数中将tup添加到manager.dict()
由于 listener 和 execute_search 共享同一个队列对象，因此可能存在竞争，
其中 execute_search 在 listener 之前从队列中获取 'kill'，因此 listener 将永远阻塞 get()，因为没有更多新项目。
对于这种情况，您可以使用事件对象来通知所有进程停止：
import multiprocessing as mp
import queue
def listener(q, d, stop_event):
while not stop_event.is_set():
try:
item_to_write = q.get(timeout=0.1)
foo = d['region']
foo.add(item_to_write)
d['region'] = foo
except queue.Empty:
pass
print("Listener process stopped")
def main():
manager = mp.Manager()
stop_event = manager.Event()
q = manager.Queue()
d = manager.dict()
d['region'] = set()
pool = mp.get_context("spawn").Pool(mp.cpu_count() + 2)
watcher = pool.apply_async(listener, (q, d, stop_event))
stop_event.set()
jobs = []
for i in range(24):
job = pool.apply_async(execute_search, (q, d))
jobs.append(job)
try:
for job in jobs:
job.get(300) #get the result or throws a timeout exception after 300 seconds
except multiprocessing.TimeoutError:
pool.terminate()
stop_event.set() # stop listener process
print('process complete')
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()