如何通过保护只有经过身份验证的用户才能看到的 url 来使文件私有

Question

我想知道是否有一种方法可以保护图像或文件在未通过身份验证时隐藏起来。

假设我的网站上有一张图片只有在该用户通过身份验证后才能看到。但问题是我可以复制 url 或在新选项卡中打开图像。

http://siteis.com/media/uploaded_files/1421499811_82_Chrysanthemum.jpg

再一次，即使我没有通过身份验证，我也可以通过转到 url 查看该特定图像。所以，我的问题是，如何保护文件，以便只有经过身份验证的用户才能看到？

更新：

查看：

def pictures(request, user_id):
    user = User.objects.get(id=user_id)
    all = user.photo_set.all()
    return render(request, 'pictures.html',{
        'pictures': all
    })

型号：

def get_upload_file_name(instance, filename):
    return "uploaded_files/%s_%s" %(str(time()).replace('.','_'), filename)

class Photo(models.Model):
    photo_privacy = models.CharField(max_length=1,choices=PRIVACY, default='F')
    user = models.ForeignKey(User)
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to=get_upload_file_name)

设置：

if DEBUG:
    MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
    STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR), "myproject", "static", "static-only")
    MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR), "myproject", "static", "media")
    STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR), "myproject", "static", "static"),
    )

更新：

模板：

{% if pictures %}
    {% for photo in pictures %}
        <img src="/media/{{ photo.image }}" width="300" alt="{{ photo.caption }}"/>
    {% endfor %}
{% else %}
    <p>You have no picture</p>
{% endif %}

url:

url(r'^(?P<user_name>[\w@%.]+)/photos/$', 'pictures.views.photos', name='photos'),

if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)
    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

Answer 1

最简单的选择是从 django 提供文件，然后将 @login_required decorator 添加到视图中，如下所示：

import os
import mimetypes
from django.core.servers.basehttp import FileWrapper
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required

@login_required
def sekret_view(request, path=None):
   filename = os.path.basename(path)
   response = HttpResponse(FileWrapper(open(path)),
                           content_type=mimetypes.guess_type(path)[0])
   response['Content-Length'] = os.path.getsize(path)
   return response

Answer 2

通过确保任何媒体文件不被匿名用户提供，这是更好的 url 保护方式。

代码（更新）：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.views.static import serve
from django.conf import settings

from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

@login_required
def protected_serve(request, path, document_root=None):
    try:
        obj = Photobox.objects.get(user=request.user.id)
        obj_image_url = obj.image.url
        correct_image_url = obj_image_url.replace("/media/", "")
        if correct_image_url == path:
            return serve(request, path, document_root)
    except ObjectDoesNotExist:
        return HttpResponse("Sorry you don't have permission to access this file")


url(r'^{}(?P<path>.*)$'.format(settings.MEDIA_URL[1:]), protected_serve, {'file_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),

注意：以前任何登录用户都可以访问任何页面，现在此更新限制非用户查看其他文件...

Answer 3

最好只处理身份验证，让您的网络服务器处理文件服务。最好将它们放在与您的 settings.MEDIA_ROOT 不同的目录中，以防止您的网络服务器在您处理请求之前提供文件，例如project_root/web-private/media/。

import os

@login_required
def protected_file(request, path):
    # set PRIVATE_MEDIA_ROOT to the root folder of your private media files
    name = os.path.join(settings.PRIVATE_MEDIA_ROOT, path)
    if not os.path.isfile(name):
        raise Http404("File not found.")

    # set PRIVATE_MEDIA_USE_XSENDFILE in your deployment-specific settings file
    # should be false for development, true when your webserver supports xsendfile
    if settings.PRIVATE_MEDIA_USE_XSENDFILE:
        response = HttpResponse()
        response['X-Accel-Redirect'] = filename # Nginx
        response['X-Sendfile'] = filename # Apache 2 with mod-xsendfile
        del response['Content-Type'] # let webserver regenerate this
        return response
    else:
        # fallback method
        from django.views.static import serve
        return serve(request, path, settings.PRIVATE_MEDIA_ROOT)

由于您的网络服务器比 Django 更擅长提供静态文件，因此这将加快您的网站速度。查看 django.views.static.serve 以了解如何清理文件名等。

如何通过保护只有经过身份验证的用户才能看到的 url 来使文件私有

How to to make a file private by securing the url that only authenticated users can see

python

django

url

authentication

file-access