给定不同参数将函数应用于 pandas 系列
Apply function to pandas series given varying arguments
初始问题
我想计算多个字符串之间的编辑距离,一个在一系列中,另一个在列表中。我尝试了 map、zip 等,但我只使用 for 循环并应用得到了想要的结果。有没有办法改进风格,尤其是速度?
这是我尝试过的,它做了它应该做的事情,但在大型系列中缺乏速度。
import stringdist
strings = ['Hello', 'my', 'Friend', 'I', 'am']
s = pd.Series(data=strings, index=strings)
c = ['me', 'mine', 'Friend']
df = pd.DataFrame()
for w in c:
df[w] = s.apply(lambda x: stringdist.levenshtein(x, w))
## Result: ##
me mine Friend
Hello 4 5 6
my 1 3 6
Friend 5 4 0
I 2 4 6
am 2 4 6
解决方案
感谢@Dames 和@molybdenum42,我可以直接在问题下方提供我使用的解决方案。如需更多见解,请在下方查看他们的精彩回答。
import stringdist
from itertools import product
strings = ['Hello', 'my', 'Friend', 'I', 'am']
s = pd.Series(data=strings, index=strings)
c = ['me', 'mine', 'Friend']
word_combinations = np.array(list(product(s.values, c)))
vectorized_levenshtein = np.vectorize(stringdist.levenshtein)
result = vectorized_levenshtein(word_combinations[:, 0],
word_combinations[:, 1])
result = result.reshape((len(s), len(c)))
df = pd.DataFrame(result, columns=c, index=s)
这会生成所需的数据框。
设置:
import stringdist
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import itertools
s = pd.Series(data=['Hello', 'my', 'Friend'],
index=['Hello', 'my', 'Friend'])
c = ['me', 'mine', 'Friend']
选项
- 选项:简单的单行
df = pd.DataFrame([s.apply(lambda x: stringdist.levenshtein(x, w)) for w in c])
- 选项:
np.fromfunction
(感谢 @baccandr)
@np.vectorize
def lavdist(a, b):
return stringdist.levenshtein(c[a], s[b])
df = pd.DataFrame(np.fromfunction(lavdist, (len(c), len(s)), dtype = int),
columns=c, index=s)
- 选项:见@molybdenum42
word_combinations = np.array(list(itertools.product(s.values, c)))
vectorized_levenshtein = np.vectorize(stringdist.levenshtein)
result = vectorized_levenshtein(word_combinations[:,0], word_combinations[:,1])
df = pd.DataFrame([word_combinations[:,1], word_combinations[:,1], result])
df = df.set_index([0,1])[2].unstack()
- (最佳)选项:修改选项3
word_combinations = np.array(list(itertools.product(s.values, c)))
vectorized_levenshtein = np.vectorize(distance)
result = vectorized_levenshtein(word_combinations[:,0], word_combinations[:,1])
result = result.reshape((len(s), len(c)))
df = pd.DataFrame(result, columns=c, index=s)
性能测试:
import timeit
from Levenshtein import distance
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import itertools
s = pd.Series(data=['Hello', 'my', 'Friend'],
index=['Hello', 'my', 'Friend'])
c = ['me', 'mine', 'Friend']
test_code0 = """
df = pd.DataFrame()
for w in c:
df[w] = s.apply(lambda x: distance(x, w))
"""
test_code1 = """
df = pd.DataFrame({w:s.apply(lambda x: distance(x, w)) for w in c})
"""
test_code2 = """
@np.vectorize
def lavdist(a, b):
return distance(c[a], s[b])
df = pd.DataFrame(np.fromfunction(lavdist, (len(c), len(s)), dtype = int),
columns=c, index=s)
"""
test_code3 = """
word_combinations = np.array(list(itertools.product(s.values, c)))
vectorized_levenshtein = np.vectorize(distance)
result = vectorized_levenshtein(word_combinations[:,0], word_combinations[:,1])
df = pd.DataFrame([word_combinations[:,1], word_combinations[:,1], result])
df = df.set_index([0,1])[2] #.unstack() produces error
"""
test_code4 = """
word_combinations = np.array(list(itertools.product(s.values, c)))
vectorized_levenshtein = np.vectorize(distance)
result = vectorized_levenshtein(word_combinations[:,0], word_combinations[:,1])
result = result.reshape((len(s), len(c)))
df = pd.DataFrame(result, columns=c, index=s)
"""
test_setup = "from __main__ import distance, s, c, pd, np, itertools"
print("test0", timeit.timeit(test_code0, number = 1000, setup = test_setup))
print("test1", timeit.timeit(test_code1, number = 1000, setup = test_setup))
print("test2", timeit.timeit(test_code2, number = 1000, setup = test_setup))
print("test3", timeit.timeit(test_code3, number = 1000, setup = test_setup))
print("test4", timeit.timeit(test_code4, number = 1000, setup = test_setup))
结果
# results
# test0 1.3671939949999796
# test1 0.5982696900009614
# test2 0.3246431229999871
# test3 2.0100400850005826
# test4 0.23796007100099814
使用itertools
,你至少可以得到所有需要的组合。使用 stringcount.levenshtein
的矢量化版本(使用 numpy.vectorize()
制作),您可以在根本不循环的情况下获得所需的结果,尽管我还没有测试矢量化 levenshtein 函数的性能。
代码可能如下所示:
import stringdist
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import itertools
s = pd.Series(["Hello", "my","Friend"])
c = ['me', 'mine', 'Friend']
word_combinations = np.array(list(itertools.product(s.values, c)))
vectorized_levenshtein = np.vectorize(stringdist.levenshtein)
result = vectorized_levenshtein(word_combinations[:,0], word_combinations[:,1])
此时您在一个 numpy 数组中得到了结果,每个结果对应于您的两个初始数组的所有可能组合之一。如果你想让它变成你的例子中的形状,有一些 pandas 技巧需要完成:
df = pd.DataFrame([word_combinations[:,0], word_combinations[:,1], result]).T
### initially looks like: ###
# 0 1 2
# 0 Hello me 4
# 1 Hello mine 5
# 2 Hello Friend 6
# 3 my me 1
# 4 my mine 3
# 5 my Friend 6
# 6 Friend me 5
# 7 Friend mine 4
# 8 Friend Friend 0
df = df.set_index([0,1])[2].unstack()
### Now looks like: ###
# Friend Hello my
# Friend 0 6 6
# me 5 4 1
# mine 4 5 3
同样,我还没有测试过这种方法的性能,所以我建议检查一下 - 不过它应该比迭代更快。
编辑:
用户@Dames 有一个更好的建议,可以使结果看起来很像:
result = result.reshape(len(c), len(s))
df = pd.DataFrame(result, columns=c, index=s)
初始问题
我想计算多个字符串之间的编辑距离,一个在一系列中,另一个在列表中。我尝试了 map、zip 等,但我只使用 for 循环并应用得到了想要的结果。有没有办法改进风格,尤其是速度?
这是我尝试过的,它做了它应该做的事情,但在大型系列中缺乏速度。
import stringdist
strings = ['Hello', 'my', 'Friend', 'I', 'am']
s = pd.Series(data=strings, index=strings)
c = ['me', 'mine', 'Friend']
df = pd.DataFrame()
for w in c:
df[w] = s.apply(lambda x: stringdist.levenshtein(x, w))
## Result: ##
me mine Friend
Hello 4 5 6
my 1 3 6
Friend 5 4 0
I 2 4 6
am 2 4 6
解决方案
感谢@Dames 和@molybdenum42,我可以直接在问题下方提供我使用的解决方案。如需更多见解,请在下方查看他们的精彩回答。
import stringdist
from itertools import product
strings = ['Hello', 'my', 'Friend', 'I', 'am']
s = pd.Series(data=strings, index=strings)
c = ['me', 'mine', 'Friend']
word_combinations = np.array(list(product(s.values, c)))
vectorized_levenshtein = np.vectorize(stringdist.levenshtein)
result = vectorized_levenshtein(word_combinations[:, 0],
word_combinations[:, 1])
result = result.reshape((len(s), len(c)))
df = pd.DataFrame(result, columns=c, index=s)
这会生成所需的数据框。
设置:
import stringdist
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import itertools
s = pd.Series(data=['Hello', 'my', 'Friend'],
index=['Hello', 'my', 'Friend'])
c = ['me', 'mine', 'Friend']
选项
- 选项:简单的单行
df = pd.DataFrame([s.apply(lambda x: stringdist.levenshtein(x, w)) for w in c])
- 选项:
np.fromfunction
(感谢 @baccandr)
@np.vectorize
def lavdist(a, b):
return stringdist.levenshtein(c[a], s[b])
df = pd.DataFrame(np.fromfunction(lavdist, (len(c), len(s)), dtype = int),
columns=c, index=s)
- 选项:见@molybdenum42
word_combinations = np.array(list(itertools.product(s.values, c)))
vectorized_levenshtein = np.vectorize(stringdist.levenshtein)
result = vectorized_levenshtein(word_combinations[:,0], word_combinations[:,1])
df = pd.DataFrame([word_combinations[:,1], word_combinations[:,1], result])
df = df.set_index([0,1])[2].unstack()
- (最佳)选项:修改选项3
word_combinations = np.array(list(itertools.product(s.values, c)))
vectorized_levenshtein = np.vectorize(distance)
result = vectorized_levenshtein(word_combinations[:,0], word_combinations[:,1])
result = result.reshape((len(s), len(c)))
df = pd.DataFrame(result, columns=c, index=s)
性能测试:
import timeit
from Levenshtein import distance
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import itertools
s = pd.Series(data=['Hello', 'my', 'Friend'],
index=['Hello', 'my', 'Friend'])
c = ['me', 'mine', 'Friend']
test_code0 = """
df = pd.DataFrame()
for w in c:
df[w] = s.apply(lambda x: distance(x, w))
"""
test_code1 = """
df = pd.DataFrame({w:s.apply(lambda x: distance(x, w)) for w in c})
"""
test_code2 = """
@np.vectorize
def lavdist(a, b):
return distance(c[a], s[b])
df = pd.DataFrame(np.fromfunction(lavdist, (len(c), len(s)), dtype = int),
columns=c, index=s)
"""
test_code3 = """
word_combinations = np.array(list(itertools.product(s.values, c)))
vectorized_levenshtein = np.vectorize(distance)
result = vectorized_levenshtein(word_combinations[:,0], word_combinations[:,1])
df = pd.DataFrame([word_combinations[:,1], word_combinations[:,1], result])
df = df.set_index([0,1])[2] #.unstack() produces error
"""
test_code4 = """
word_combinations = np.array(list(itertools.product(s.values, c)))
vectorized_levenshtein = np.vectorize(distance)
result = vectorized_levenshtein(word_combinations[:,0], word_combinations[:,1])
result = result.reshape((len(s), len(c)))
df = pd.DataFrame(result, columns=c, index=s)
"""
test_setup = "from __main__ import distance, s, c, pd, np, itertools"
print("test0", timeit.timeit(test_code0, number = 1000, setup = test_setup))
print("test1", timeit.timeit(test_code1, number = 1000, setup = test_setup))
print("test2", timeit.timeit(test_code2, number = 1000, setup = test_setup))
print("test3", timeit.timeit(test_code3, number = 1000, setup = test_setup))
print("test4", timeit.timeit(test_code4, number = 1000, setup = test_setup))
结果
# results
# test0 1.3671939949999796
# test1 0.5982696900009614
# test2 0.3246431229999871
# test3 2.0100400850005826
# test4 0.23796007100099814
使用itertools
,你至少可以得到所有需要的组合。使用 stringcount.levenshtein
的矢量化版本(使用 numpy.vectorize()
制作),您可以在根本不循环的情况下获得所需的结果,尽管我还没有测试矢量化 levenshtein 函数的性能。
代码可能如下所示:
import stringdist
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import itertools
s = pd.Series(["Hello", "my","Friend"])
c = ['me', 'mine', 'Friend']
word_combinations = np.array(list(itertools.product(s.values, c)))
vectorized_levenshtein = np.vectorize(stringdist.levenshtein)
result = vectorized_levenshtein(word_combinations[:,0], word_combinations[:,1])
此时您在一个 numpy 数组中得到了结果,每个结果对应于您的两个初始数组的所有可能组合之一。如果你想让它变成你的例子中的形状,有一些 pandas 技巧需要完成:
df = pd.DataFrame([word_combinations[:,0], word_combinations[:,1], result]).T
### initially looks like: ###
# 0 1 2
# 0 Hello me 4
# 1 Hello mine 5
# 2 Hello Friend 6
# 3 my me 1
# 4 my mine 3
# 5 my Friend 6
# 6 Friend me 5
# 7 Friend mine 4
# 8 Friend Friend 0
df = df.set_index([0,1])[2].unstack()
### Now looks like: ###
# Friend Hello my
# Friend 0 6 6
# me 5 4 1
# mine 4 5 3
同样,我还没有测试过这种方法的性能,所以我建议检查一下 - 不过它应该比迭代更快。
编辑: 用户@Dames 有一个更好的建议,可以使结果看起来很像:
result = result.reshape(len(c), len(s))
df = pd.DataFrame(result, columns=c, index=s)