将成员函数 ptr 插入映射

inserting member function ptr into a map

编辑 从代码本身删除格式(粗体)。

编辑 2 在答案末尾添加了修复程序

我有以下代码,我试图在其中创建静态多态性和模板 类, 我正在尝试将派生类型成员函数 ptr 中的 只有一个 插入到映射中。 地图的定义是这样的:

std::map<std::string,void(derived::*)()> m_func;

插入命令是这样的:

`m_func.insert(make_pair("yaodav",&derived::HelloWorld));`

这是完整的代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <any>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <typeindex>
using namespace std;


template<class Derived>
class base
{
public:
    void clean()
    {
        cout << "I'm cleannig \n";
    }
    void process()
    {
        static_cast<Derived*>(this)->setup();
        static_cast<Derived*>(this)->run();
        static_cast<Derived*>(this)->cleanup();
    }
};


class derived : public  base<derived> 
{
    friend class base<derived>;
    void setup() {
        m_func.insert(make_pair("yaodav",&derived::HelloWorld));
        cout << "derived setup \n"; }
    void run() { cout << "derived run \n"; }
    void cleanup() { cout << "derived cleanup \n"; }
    void HelloWorld() {cout << "hwllo from derived \n"; }
    std::map<std::string,void(derived::*)()> m_func;

};


class derived1 : public base<derived1> 
{
    friend class base<derived1>;
    void setup() {cout << "derived1 setup \n"; }
    void run() { cout << "derived1 run \n"; }
    void cleanup() { cout << "derived1 cleanup \n"; }
    void HelloWorld(){}
};

template <class T>
class Y{
 public:
 std::vector<std::any> m_vec;   

};


template <typename T>
class D:public Y<T>
{
    public:
    friend class Y<T>;
    void print()
    {
        for(auto& e: Y<T>::m_vec)
        {
             if(e.type()==typeid(base<derived1>*))
            {
                try {
                    auto* r = any_cast<base<derived1>*>(e);
                    r->process();
                }
                catch(const std::bad_any_cast& e) {
                    std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
                }
            }
            else
            {
                try {
                    auto *r = any_cast<base<derived> *>(e);
                    r->process();
                }
                catch(const std::bad_any_cast& e) {
                    std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
                }
            }

        }
    } 
};


int main()
{
        base<derived>* b =  new base<derived>;
        base<derived1>* c =  new base<derived1>;

        D<derived> y;
        y.m_vec.push_back(b);
        y.m_vec.push_back(c);
        y.print();
}

但是当调用插入函数(粗体部分)时,我遇到了分段错误,就像 m_func 不存在一样,而我是 运行 调试器,我不会打印 m_func 我得到:

here is no member or method named m_func

为什么会发生这种情况以及如何解决

修正

 base<derived>* b =  new derived;
 base<derived1>* c =  new derived1;

而不是

 base<derived>* b =  new base<derived>;
 base<derived1>* c =  new <derived1>;

您的代码大致等同于:

base<derived>* b = new base<derived>;
b->process();

process里面,有static_cast<Derived*>(this)——但是b指向的base<derived>的实例实际上是而不是 derived 的实例。您已独立实例化 base<derived>,而不是 derived 实例的一部分。您的程序从未创建 derived 的实例,也没有创建 derived1 的实例。所以你试图调用一个从未存在过的对象的成员函数,于是你的程序表现出未定义的行为。


更精简的代码版本如下所示:

class Base{};
class Derived : public Base {
public:
  void DoSomething() {};
};

int main() {
  Base* b = new Base;
  static_cast<Derived*>(b)->DoSomethind();  // undefined behavior here
}

这样应该更清楚哪里出了问题