Spyder IDE 无法在 Windows 10 和 Python 3.8 上启动
Spyder IDE fails to start on Windows 10 with Python 3.8
注意：此问题已在 Spyder 4.1.3 中修复！
（原始问题）在 Windows 上检查 Python 3.8 (x64) 10，我在尝试设置 Spyder 时遇到了麻烦。注意：在干净的 Windows-10 系统上重新安装 Python 可重现该问题。然而，在 Linux 上没有这样的问题（在 debian / Mint19.x 上测试）。
起初，通过 pip install spyder 安装时一切都很顺利。
错误 #1: pywin32
启动Spyder后，在IPython控制台显示window：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site‑packages\spyder\plugins\ipythonconsole.py", line 1572, in create_kernel_manager_and_kernel_client
kernel_manager.start_kernel(stderr=stderr_handle)
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site‑packages\jupyter_client\manager.py", line 240, in start_kernel
self.write_connection_file()
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site‑packages\jupyter_client\connect.py", line 470, in write_connection_file
self.connection_file, cfg = write_connection_file(self.connection_file,
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site‑packages\jupyter_client\connect.py", line 141, in write_connection_file
with secure_write(fname) as f:
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\contextlib.py", line 113, in __enter__
return next(self.gen)
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site‑packages\jupyter_core\paths.py", line 424, in secure_write
win32_restrict_file_to_user(fname)
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site‑packages\jupyter_core\paths.py", line 359, in win32_restrict_file_to_user
import win32api
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing win32api: Das angegebene Modul wurde nicht gefunden.
我能够通过脚本文件夹中的 运行 pywin32_postinstall.py -install 修复导入错误（从具有提升权限的 cmd 提示）。将 pythoncom38.dll 和 pywintypes38.dll 从 \Lib\site-packages\pywin32_system32 复制到 \windows\system32，另请参阅下面的 here - however, I'd suggest to not modify system folders and use the option I put in 。
错误#2： tornado
但是，现在 Spyder 只是在加载屏幕上冻结（显示徽标，说 "initializing main window" 之类的话）！
从 https://github.com/spyder-ide/spyder.git 克隆 Spyder 的开发版本并通过 python bootstrap.py --debug 运行 它揭示了冻结的原因：
2019-11-03 17:39:53,261 [ERROR] [tornado.application] -> Exception in callback functools.partial(<function ThreadedZMQSocketChannel.__init__.<locals>.setup_stream at 0x0000015E00B758B0>)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\tornado\ioloop.py", line 743, in _run_callback
ret = callback()
File "C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\threaded.py", line 48, in setup_stream
self.stream = zmqstream.ZMQStream(self.socket, self.ioloop)
File "C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\zmq\eventloop\zmqstream.py", line 127, in __init__
self._init_io_state()
File "C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\zmq\eventloop\zmqstream.py", line 546, in _init_io_state
self.io_loop.add_handler(self.socket, self._handle_events, self.io_loop.READ)
File "C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\tornado\platform\asyncio.py", line 99, in add_handler
self.asyncio_loop.add_reader(fd, self._handle_events, fd, IOLoop.READ)
File "C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\asyncio\events.py", line 501, in add_reader
raise NotImplementedError
NotImplementedError
...所以看来 Python 3.8 版本 pywin32 导致的导入错误只是一个问题。还有一个与 tornado IO（网络服务器）相关的问题，请参阅 here / here。
last checked with Python 3.8.2 (AMD64), Spyder 4.1.1. Please note that I am not using Anaconda. Use either conda or pip, not both.
Spyder 4.1.3更新：问题已修复！
（在 Python 3.8.3rc1、tornado 6.0.4 上测试）
如果你来到这里仍然遇到类似的 Spyder 启动问题：我建议首先尝试 升级到 Spyder 版本 >= 4.1.3 .
此答案的旧版本
解决方法，龙卷风问题：
修改文件...\Python38...\Lib\site-packages\tornado\platform\asyncio.py；
添加
import sys
if sys.platform == 'win32':
asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
在其他导入语句之后。资料来源： and also linked here. If I get this post 在 tornado 回购权上，这可能是一个非常永久的解决方法。
如果还需要 - 解决方法，pywin32 问题：
修改文件...\Python38\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_core\path.py；
添加一行
import pywintypes
before import win32api in line 359. 此修改基于 post.
注意：此问题已在 Spyder 4.1.3 中修复！
（原始问题）在 Windows 上检查 Python 3.8 (x64) 10，我在尝试设置 Spyder 时遇到了麻烦。注意：在干净的 Windows-10 系统上重新安装 Python 可重现该问题。然而，在 Linux 上没有这样的问题（在 debian / Mint19.x 上测试）。
起初，通过 pip install spyder 安装时一切都很顺利。
错误 #1: pywin32
启动Spyder后，在IPython控制台显示window：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site‑packages\spyder\plugins\ipythonconsole.py", line 1572, in create_kernel_manager_and_kernel_client
kernel_manager.start_kernel(stderr=stderr_handle)
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site‑packages\jupyter_client\manager.py", line 240, in start_kernel
self.write_connection_file()
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site‑packages\jupyter_client\connect.py", line 470, in write_connection_file
self.connection_file, cfg = write_connection_file(self.connection_file,
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site‑packages\jupyter_client\connect.py", line 141, in write_connection_file
with secure_write(fname) as f:
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\contextlib.py", line 113, in __enter__
return next(self.gen)
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site‑packages\jupyter_core\paths.py", line 424, in secure_write
win32_restrict_file_to_user(fname)
File "c:\users\USERNAME\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site‑packages\jupyter_core\paths.py", line 359, in win32_restrict_file_to_user
import win32api
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing win32api: Das angegebene Modul wurde nicht gefunden.
我能够通过脚本文件夹中的 运行 pywin32_postinstall.py -install 修复导入错误（从具有提升权限的 cmd 提示）。将 pythoncom38.dll 和 pywintypes38.dll 从 \Lib\site-packages\pywin32_system32 复制到 \windows\system32，另请参阅下面的 here - however, I'd suggest to not modify system folders and use the option I put in
错误#2： tornado
但是，现在 Spyder 只是在加载屏幕上冻结（显示徽标，说 "initializing main window" 之类的话）！
从 https://github.com/spyder-ide/spyder.git 克隆 Spyder 的开发版本并通过 python bootstrap.py --debug 运行 它揭示了冻结的原因：
2019-11-03 17:39:53,261 [ERROR] [tornado.application] -> Exception in callback functools.partial(<function ThreadedZMQSocketChannel.__init__.<locals>.setup_stream at 0x0000015E00B758B0>)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\tornado\ioloop.py", line 743, in _run_callback
ret = callback()
File "C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\threaded.py", line 48, in setup_stream
self.stream = zmqstream.ZMQStream(self.socket, self.ioloop)
File "C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\zmq\eventloop\zmqstream.py", line 127, in __init__
self._init_io_state()
File "C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\zmq\eventloop\zmqstream.py", line 546, in _init_io_state
self.io_loop.add_handler(self.socket, self._handle_events, self.io_loop.READ)
File "C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\tornado\platform\asyncio.py", line 99, in add_handler
self.asyncio_loop.add_reader(fd, self._handle_events, fd, IOLoop.READ)
File "C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\asyncio\events.py", line 501, in add_reader
raise NotImplementedError
NotImplementedError
...所以看来 Python 3.8 版本 pywin32 导致的导入错误只是一个问题。还有一个与 tornado IO（网络服务器）相关的问题，请参阅 here / here。
last checked with Python 3.8.2 (AMD64), Spyder 4.1.1. Please note that I am not using Anaconda. Use either
condaorpip, not both.
Spyder 4.1.3更新：问题已修复！
（在 Python 3.8.3rc1、tornado 6.0.4 上测试）
如果你来到这里仍然遇到类似的 Spyder 启动问题：我建议首先尝试 升级到 Spyder 版本 >= 4.1.3 .
此答案的旧版本
解决方法，龙卷风问题：
修改文件...\Python38...\Lib\site-packages\tornado\platform\asyncio.py；
添加
import sys
if sys.platform == 'win32':
asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
在其他导入语句之后。资料来源：tornado 回购权上，这可能是一个非常永久的解决方法。
如果还需要 - 解决方法，pywin32 问题：
修改文件...\Python38\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_core\path.py；
添加一行
import pywintypes
before import win32api in line 359. 此修改基于