使用 python 和 gdal 从 .geotiff 中的 lat/long 点查找像素坐标
Find pixel coordinates from lat/long point in .geotiff using python and gdal
我有 (lat,long) 坐标描述一个点在 .geotiff 图像中的位置。
我想找到图像中经纬度的等效像素坐标。
我通过以下指令从命令行使用 gdaltransform 成功了:
gdaltransform -i -t_srs epsg:4326 /path/imagename.tiff
-17.4380493164062 14.6951949085676
但我想从 python 代码中检索这种类型的等效项。我尝试了以下方法:
from osgeo import osr
source = osr.SpatialReference()
source.ImportFromUrl(path + TIFFFilename)
target = osr.SpatialReference()
target.ImportFromEPSG(4326)
transform = osr.CoordinateTransformation(target,source )
point_xy = np.array(transform.TransformPoint(-17.4380493164062,14.6951949085676))
但是 returns 这个错误:
NotImplementedError: Wrong number or type of arguments for overloaded function 'CoordinateTransformation_TransformPoint'.
Possible C/C++ prototypes are:
OSRCoordinateTransformationShadow::TransformPoint(double [3])
OSRCoordinateTransformationShadow::TransformPoint(double [3],double,double,double)
我做错了什么?我试图解决这个错误,但没有成功。还有其他方法吗?
编辑 1:
我在终端中通过 gdaltransform 命令实现了一次转换:
gdaltransform -i -t_srs epsg:4326 /path/image.tiff
-17.4380493164062 14.6951949085676
因为我需要以 pythonic 方式检索像素,所以我尝试使用子进程调用命令,例如:
# TRY 1:
subprocess.run(['gdaltransform','-i',' -t_srs','epsg:4326','/pat/img.tiff\n'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
# TRY 2 :
cmd = '''gdaltransform -i -t_srs epsg:4326 /home/henri/Work/imdex_visio/AllInt/Dakar_X118374-118393_Y120252-120271_PHR1A_2016-03-10T11_45_39.781Z_Z18_3857.tiff
-17.4380493164062 14.6951949085676'''
subprocess.Popen(cmd,stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
但是没有用。可能是因为命令本身的行为方式,比如实际上不返回结果并自行结束,而是显示结果并保持忙碌。
根据 the cookbook,您正在翻转变换和点的使用。您应该在给定变换的点上调用变换,而不是相反。看起来你也在翻转源和目标,但你做了两次,所以它会起作用。
不过我相信 target.ImportFromUrl(path + TIFFFilename)
行不通。相反,您可以使用 gdal 从 geotiff 中提取空间参考。
像下面这样的东西应该可以工作
from osgeo import osr, ogr, gdal
# Extract target reference from the tiff file
ds = gdal.Open(path + TIFFFilename)
target = osr.SpatialReference(wkt=ds.GetProjection())
source = osr.SpatialReference()
source.ImportFromEPSG(4326)
transform = osr.CoordinateTransformation(source, target)
point = ogr.Geometry(ogr.wkbPoint)
point.AddPoint(-17.4380493164062, 14.6951949085676)
point.Transform(transform)
print(point.GetX(), point.GetY())
这为您提供了 geotiffs 参考中的坐标,但这不是像素坐标。
要将点转换为像素,您可以使用类似以下的方法(根据您所在的世界位置,可能需要翻转线的负号)
def world_to_pixel(geo_matrix, x, y):
"""
Uses a gdal geomatrix (gdal.GetGeoTransform()) to calculate
the pixel location of a geospatial coordinate
"""
ul_x= geo_matrix[0]
ul_y = geo_matrix[3]
x_dist = geo_matrix[1]
y_dist = geo_matrix[5]
pixel = int((x - ul_x) / x_dist)
line = -int((ul_y - y) / y_dist)
return pixel, line
所以你的最终代码看起来像
from osgeo import osr, ogr, gdal
def world_to_pixel(geo_matrix, x, y):
"""
Uses a gdal geomatrix (gdal.GetGeoTransform()) to calculate
the pixel location of a geospatial coordinate
"""
ul_x= geo_matrix[0]
ul_y = geo_matrix[3]
x_dist = geo_matrix[1]
y_dist = geo_matrix[5]
pixel = int((x - ul_x) / x_dist)
line = -int((ul_y - y) / y_dist)
return pixel, line
# Extract target reference from the tiff file
ds = gdal.Open(path + TIFFFilename)
target = osr.SpatialReference(wkt=ds.GetProjection())
source = osr.SpatialReference()
source.ImportFromEPSG(4326)
transform = osr.CoordinateTransformation(source, target)
point = ogr.Geometry(ogr.wkbPoint)
point.AddPoint(-17.4380493164062, 14.6951949085676)
point.Transform(transform)
x, y = world_to_pixel(ds.GetGeoTransform(), point.GetX(), point.GetY())
print(x, y)
建议的解决方案可能适用于大多数情况,因为 row/column 旋转通常为零,但至少应检查或更好地包括:
import numpy as np
from osgeo import gdal
def world_to_pxl(gt, x, y):
# 'Affine transformation': W = A * pxl + ul
# world[2, 1] = a[2, 2] * pxl[2, 1] + upper_left[2,1]
world = np.array([[x], [y]]) # world coordinates
upper_left = np.array([[gt[0]], [gt[3]]) # upper left corner of image
a = np.array([[gt[1], gt[2]],
[gt[4], gt[5]]])
# Reformulate: A^-1 * (W - ul) = pxl
pxl = np.matmul(np.linalg.inv(a), (world - upper_left))
row = pxl[0] # x_pixel
col = pxl[1] # y_line
return row, col
我有 (lat,long) 坐标描述一个点在 .geotiff 图像中的位置。
我想找到图像中经纬度的等效像素坐标。
我通过以下指令从命令行使用 gdaltransform 成功了:
gdaltransform -i -t_srs epsg:4326 /path/imagename.tiff
-17.4380493164062 14.6951949085676
但我想从 python 代码中检索这种类型的等效项。我尝试了以下方法:
from osgeo import osr
source = osr.SpatialReference()
source.ImportFromUrl(path + TIFFFilename)
target = osr.SpatialReference()
target.ImportFromEPSG(4326)
transform = osr.CoordinateTransformation(target,source )
point_xy = np.array(transform.TransformPoint(-17.4380493164062,14.6951949085676))
但是 returns 这个错误:
NotImplementedError: Wrong number or type of arguments for overloaded function 'CoordinateTransformation_TransformPoint'.
Possible C/C++ prototypes are:
OSRCoordinateTransformationShadow::TransformPoint(double [3])
OSRCoordinateTransformationShadow::TransformPoint(double [3],double,double,double)
我做错了什么?我试图解决这个错误,但没有成功。还有其他方法吗?
编辑 1:
我在终端中通过 gdaltransform 命令实现了一次转换:
gdaltransform -i -t_srs epsg:4326 /path/image.tiff
-17.4380493164062 14.6951949085676
因为我需要以 pythonic 方式检索像素,所以我尝试使用子进程调用命令,例如:
# TRY 1:
subprocess.run(['gdaltransform','-i',' -t_srs','epsg:4326','/pat/img.tiff\n'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
# TRY 2 :
cmd = '''gdaltransform -i -t_srs epsg:4326 /home/henri/Work/imdex_visio/AllInt/Dakar_X118374-118393_Y120252-120271_PHR1A_2016-03-10T11_45_39.781Z_Z18_3857.tiff
-17.4380493164062 14.6951949085676'''
subprocess.Popen(cmd,stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
但是没有用。可能是因为命令本身的行为方式,比如实际上不返回结果并自行结束,而是显示结果并保持忙碌。
根据 the cookbook,您正在翻转变换和点的使用。您应该在给定变换的点上调用变换,而不是相反。看起来你也在翻转源和目标,但你做了两次,所以它会起作用。
不过我相信 target.ImportFromUrl(path + TIFFFilename)
行不通。相反,您可以使用 gdal 从 geotiff 中提取空间参考。
像下面这样的东西应该可以工作
from osgeo import osr, ogr, gdal
# Extract target reference from the tiff file
ds = gdal.Open(path + TIFFFilename)
target = osr.SpatialReference(wkt=ds.GetProjection())
source = osr.SpatialReference()
source.ImportFromEPSG(4326)
transform = osr.CoordinateTransformation(source, target)
point = ogr.Geometry(ogr.wkbPoint)
point.AddPoint(-17.4380493164062, 14.6951949085676)
point.Transform(transform)
print(point.GetX(), point.GetY())
这为您提供了 geotiffs 参考中的坐标,但这不是像素坐标。
要将点转换为像素,您可以使用类似以下的方法(根据您所在的世界位置,可能需要翻转线的负号)
def world_to_pixel(geo_matrix, x, y):
"""
Uses a gdal geomatrix (gdal.GetGeoTransform()) to calculate
the pixel location of a geospatial coordinate
"""
ul_x= geo_matrix[0]
ul_y = geo_matrix[3]
x_dist = geo_matrix[1]
y_dist = geo_matrix[5]
pixel = int((x - ul_x) / x_dist)
line = -int((ul_y - y) / y_dist)
return pixel, line
所以你的最终代码看起来像
from osgeo import osr, ogr, gdal
def world_to_pixel(geo_matrix, x, y):
"""
Uses a gdal geomatrix (gdal.GetGeoTransform()) to calculate
the pixel location of a geospatial coordinate
"""
ul_x= geo_matrix[0]
ul_y = geo_matrix[3]
x_dist = geo_matrix[1]
y_dist = geo_matrix[5]
pixel = int((x - ul_x) / x_dist)
line = -int((ul_y - y) / y_dist)
return pixel, line
# Extract target reference from the tiff file
ds = gdal.Open(path + TIFFFilename)
target = osr.SpatialReference(wkt=ds.GetProjection())
source = osr.SpatialReference()
source.ImportFromEPSG(4326)
transform = osr.CoordinateTransformation(source, target)
point = ogr.Geometry(ogr.wkbPoint)
point.AddPoint(-17.4380493164062, 14.6951949085676)
point.Transform(transform)
x, y = world_to_pixel(ds.GetGeoTransform(), point.GetX(), point.GetY())
print(x, y)
建议的解决方案可能适用于大多数情况,因为 row/column 旋转通常为零,但至少应检查或更好地包括:
import numpy as np
from osgeo import gdal
def world_to_pxl(gt, x, y):
# 'Affine transformation': W = A * pxl + ul
# world[2, 1] = a[2, 2] * pxl[2, 1] + upper_left[2,1]
world = np.array([[x], [y]]) # world coordinates
upper_left = np.array([[gt[0]], [gt[3]]) # upper left corner of image
a = np.array([[gt[1], gt[2]],
[gt[4], gt[5]]])
# Reformulate: A^-1 * (W - ul) = pxl
pxl = np.matmul(np.linalg.inv(a), (world - upper_left))
row = pxl[0] # x_pixel
col = pxl[1] # y_line
return row, col