在 R 删除列中收集函数

Question

我正在将一些作者使用的语言与从 Project Gutenberg 网站下载的数据进行比较，但我在处理 tibble 时遇到了一些问题。我的最终目标是制作一个图表，比较 Herman Melville 和 Lewis Carroll 与 Washington Irving 的单词使用频率。但是，我的 tibble 没有 Irving 专栏，当我尝试在我的 ggplot 中调用它时，这是有问题的。

我希望我的 frequency tibble 看起来像

# A tibble: 72,984 x 4
   word             Irving     author     proportion
   <chr>             <dbl>     <chr>        <dbl>
1 a'dale          0.00000907   Melville   NA        
 2 aa             NA           Melville   0.0000246
 3 ab             NA           Melville   NA        
 4 aback          NA           Melville   0.0000369
 5 abana          NA           Melville   0.0000123
 6 abandon        0.0000363    Melville   0.0000861
 7 abandoned      0.000163     Melville   0.000172 
 8 abandoning     0.0000181    Melville   NA        
 9 abandonment    0.00000907   Melville   0.0000123
10 abasement      0.0000181    Melville   0.0000123
# ... with 72,974 more rows

但它看起来像

# A tibble: 72,984 x 3
   word        author   proportion
   <chr>       <chr>         <dbl>
 1 a'dale      Melville NA        
 2 aa          Melville  0.0000246
 3 ab          Melville NA        
 4 aback       Melville  0.0000369
 5 abana       Melville  0.0000123
 6 abandon     Melville  0.0000861
 7 abandoned   Melville  0.000172 
 8 abandoning  Melville NA        
 9 abandonment Melville  0.0000123
10 abasement   Melville  0.0000123
# ... with 72,974 more rows

而且当我聚在一起使频率抖动时，我不确定自己做错了什么。

代码

# Import libraries
library(tidyverse) # dplyr, tidyr, stringr, ggplot2
library(tidytext)
library(gutenbergr)

# Download four works from each author
wirving <- gutenberg_download(c(49872, 41, 14228, 13514)) 
hmelville <- gutenberg_download(c(15, 4045, 28656, 2694))
lcarroll <- gutenberg_download(c(19033, 620, 12, 4763))

# tidy each author
tidy_wirving <- wirving %>%
  unnest_tokens(word, text) %>%
  mutate(word = str_extract(word, "[a-z']+")) %>%
  anti_join(stop_words, by = "word")

tidy_hmelville <- hmelville %>%
  unnest_tokens(word, text) %>%
  mutate(word = str_extract(word, "[a-z']+")) %>%
  anti_join(stop_words, by = "word")

tidy_lcarroll <- lcarroll %>%
  unnest_tokens(word, text) %>%
  mutate(word = str_extract(word, "[a-z']+")) %>%
  anti_join(stop_words, by = "word")

# calculate word frequency
frequency_by_word_across_authors <- 
  bind_rows(mutate(tidy_wirving, author = "Irving"),
            mutate(tidy_hmelville, author = "Melville"),
            mutate(tidy_lcarroll, author = "Carroll")) %>%
  mutate(word = str_extract(word, "[a-z']+")) %>%
  count(author, word) %>%
  group_by(author) %>%
  mutate(proportion = n /sum(n)) %>%
  select(-n) %>%
  spread(author, proportion)

# compare frequency of Melville and Carroll against Irving
frequency <- frequency_by_word_across_authors %>%
  gather(author, proportion,`Melville`:`Carroll`)

ggplot(frequency,
       aes(x = proportion,
           y =`Irving`,
           color = abs(`Irving`- proportion))) +
  geom_abline(color = "gray40", 
              lty = 2) +
  geom_jitter(alpha = 0.1, 
              size = 2.5,
              width = 0.3, 
              height = 0.3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = word),
            check_overlap = TRUE, 
            vjust = 1.5) +
  scale_x_log10(labels = percent_format()) +
  scale_y_log10(labels = percent_format()) +
  scale_color_gradient(limits = c(0, 0.001),
                       low = "darkslategray4",
                       high = "gray75") +
  facet_wrap(~author, ncol = 2) +
  theme(legend.position="none") +
  labs(y = "Irving Washington", x = NULL)

# Error in FUN(X[[i]], ...) : object 'Irving' not found

Answer 1

问题在于您如何使用 gather()；你想要收集的两列不相邻所以你不想使用::

frequency <- frequency_by_word_across_authors %>%
  gather(author, proportion, Carroll, Melville)


ggplot(frequency,
       aes(x = proportion,
           y = Irving,
           color = abs(Irving - proportion))) +
  geom_abline(color = "gray40", 
              lty = 2) +
  geom_jitter(alpha = 0.1, 
              size = 2.5,
              width = 0.3, 
              height = 0.3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = word),
            check_overlap = TRUE, 
            vjust = 1.5) +
  scale_x_log10(labels = percent_format()) +
  scale_y_log10(labels = percent_format()) +
  scale_color_gradient(limits = c(0, 0.001),
                       low = "darkslategray4",
                       high = "gray75") +
  facet_wrap(~author, ncol = 2) +
  theme(legend.position="none") +
  labs(y = "Irving Washington", x = NULL)

^{由 reprex package (v0.3.0)}

创建于 2019-11-01

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