终端仿真器通过 UART ATmega328p 从未知源接收字节
Terminal Emulator Receiving Bytes from Unknown Source via UART ATmega328p
我正在玩一个带有 ATmega328p MCU 的 DFRobot Romeo 开发板。
我编写了一个程序,将 4 个 DIP 开关的二进制和十进制表示形式作为输入传输到 PORTD(PD2 -> PD5)。 UART 连接到 PORTD、PD0 (Rx) 和 PD1 (Tx)。
程序按预期工作除了当程序第一次运行我在Mac上使用的终端仿真器似乎接收并显示以下内容binary/decimal 数字:00000011 3
,然后出现 00000000 0
,或 DIP 开关设置的任何数字。
如果我在保持 UART 连接的情况下重置控制器,我会一遍又一遍地得到相同的结果。我使用的终端模拟器是 CoolTerm。即使在重新连接之前刷新缓冲区,我也会得到相同的结果。如果我尝试另一个终端仿真器(即 Serial、SerialTools),也会出现相同的结果。
我检查了我的代码,没有发现任何明显的错误。我联系了一位同行,他说他也看到了这种行为,但除了清除终端缓冲区外,没有其他解决方案的建议。我还尝试了几种不同的物理配置,例如仅通过 USB 为电路板供电、在未连接 USB 编程电缆的情况下通过单独的电源为电路板供电以及连接 USB 电缆。我在终端上得到了相同的结果。
有人可以看看这个并就为什么会出现这种行为提出建议吗?
这是程序的 C 代码。
/*
Connection Diagram:
Serial USART:
Atmega328p Romeo Board FTDI Cable
PD0 -> D0 -> Orange Rx
PD1 -> D1 -> Yellow Tx
GND -> GND -> Black Ground
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Digital I/O:
Atmega328p Romeo Board IO Board Jumper Component
PD2 -> D2 -> JP2_7 DS1 Dip Switch 1 - MSB
PD3 -> D3 -> JP2_6 DS2 Dip Switch 2
PD4 -> D4 -> JP3_2 DS3 Dip Switch 3
PD5 -> D5 -> JP2_5 DS4 Dip Switch 4 - LSB
*/
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define F_CPU 16000000UL
#define BAUD 19200
#define DOUBLE_SPEED 0
#define DECIMAL 10
//functions
void initUART(unsigned int baud, unsigned int speed);
void initDIO(void);
void printDec(int sum);
void printByte(uint8_t num);
void printCR(void);
void delay_ms (uint16_t ms);
int main(void)
{
//initialize UART
initUART(BAUD, DOUBLE_SPEED);
//initialize DIO (Digital I/O)
initDIO();
//value to be determined
uint8_t value = 0;
//previous value
uint8_t previous = 0;
while(1)
{
previous = value;
//Set or Clear LSB
if((PIND & 0b00100000) == 0)
{
value |= (1 << 0);
}
else
{
value &= ~(1 << 0);
}
//Set or Clear 2nd bit
if((PIND & 0b00010000) == 0)
{
value |= (1 << 1);
}
else
{
value &= ~(1 << 1);
}
//Set or Clear 3rd bit
if((PIND & 0b00001000) == 0)
{
value |= (1 << 2);
}
else
{
value &= ~(1 << 2);
}
//Set or Clear MSB
if((PIND & 0b00000100) == 0)
{
value |= (1 << 3);
}
else
{
value &= ~(1 << 3);
}
//if value has changed since previous, print the result
if(value != previous)
{
printByte(value);
printDec(value);
printCR();
}
//add small delay to loop in attempt to stablize the button state (debounce buttons)
delay_ms(80);
}
}
void initUART(unsigned int baud, unsigned int speed)
{
unsigned int ubrr;
//double speed is OFF in this lab (it is 0)
if(speed)
{
//double rate mode
ubrr = F_CPU/8/baud-1;
//set double speed mode
UCSR0A = (speed << U2X0);
}
else
{
//normal rate mode
ubrr = F_CPU/16/baud-1;
}
//set the baud rate
UBRR0H = (unsigned char)(ubrr >> 8);
UBRR0L = (unsigned char)(ubrr);
//enable Tx and Rx pins on MCU
UCSR0B = (1 << RXEN0) | (1 << TXEN0);
//set control bits, 8 bit char, 0 stop, no parity
UCSR0C = (1 <<UCSZ00) | (1 <<UCSZ01);
}
void initDIO(void)
{
//set inputs for Port B
//PD2 (D2) DS1
DDRD &= ~(1 << PD2);
//PD3 (D3) DS2
DDRD &= ~(1 << PD3);
//PD4 (D4) DS3
DDRD &= ~(1 << PD4);
//PD5 (D5) DS4
DDRD &= ~(1 << PD5);
//Set PORTD PD2 & PD3 & PD4 & PD5 Pull-Up Resistors
PORTD |= ((1 << PD2) | (1 << PD3) | (1 << PD4) | (1 << PD5));
}
void printDec(int sum)
{
//character buffer for integer to string converstion
char buffer[sizeof(int)*8+1];
//convert integer to decimal represented string
itoa(sum, buffer, DECIMAL);
//transmit character string via UART
for(int i = 0; i < strlen(buffer); i++)
{
// Wait for empty transmit buffer
while( !(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)) ) {};
//start transmission of character string
UDR0 = buffer[i];
}
}
void printByte(uint8_t num)
{
//transmit binary characters via UART
for(int i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
{
// Wait for empty transmit buffer
while( !(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)) ) {};
//start transmission of character string.
//can add character 'O' or integer 48 to statement below,
//both result in the correct character being transmitted.
UDR0 = ((num >> i) & 1) + '0';
}
//transmit one white space
//Wait for empty transmit buffer
while( !(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)) ) {};
UDR0 = 32;
}
void printCR(void)
{
//transmit carriage return
//Wait for empty transmit buffer
while( !(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)) ) {};
UDR0 = 13;
//transmit line feed
//Wait for empty transmit buffer
while( !(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)) ) {};
UDR0 = 10;
}
void delay_ms (uint16_t ms)
{
uint16_t i;
for (i = 0; i < ms; i++)
_delay_ms(1);
}
这是我在程序第一次扫描时看到的屏幕截图。
可能是启用弱上拉和第一次采样之间没有足够的时间。
尝试在循环之前加入延迟!
我正在玩一个带有 ATmega328p MCU 的 DFRobot Romeo 开发板。
我编写了一个程序,将 4 个 DIP 开关的二进制和十进制表示形式作为输入传输到 PORTD(PD2 -> PD5)。 UART 连接到 PORTD、PD0 (Rx) 和 PD1 (Tx)。
程序按预期工作除了当程序第一次运行我在Mac上使用的终端仿真器似乎接收并显示以下内容binary/decimal 数字:00000011 3
,然后出现 00000000 0
,或 DIP 开关设置的任何数字。
如果我在保持 UART 连接的情况下重置控制器,我会一遍又一遍地得到相同的结果。我使用的终端模拟器是 CoolTerm。即使在重新连接之前刷新缓冲区,我也会得到相同的结果。如果我尝试另一个终端仿真器(即 Serial、SerialTools),也会出现相同的结果。
我检查了我的代码,没有发现任何明显的错误。我联系了一位同行,他说他也看到了这种行为,但除了清除终端缓冲区外,没有其他解决方案的建议。我还尝试了几种不同的物理配置,例如仅通过 USB 为电路板供电、在未连接 USB 编程电缆的情况下通过单独的电源为电路板供电以及连接 USB 电缆。我在终端上得到了相同的结果。
有人可以看看这个并就为什么会出现这种行为提出建议吗?
这是程序的 C 代码。
/*
Connection Diagram:
Serial USART:
Atmega328p Romeo Board FTDI Cable
PD0 -> D0 -> Orange Rx
PD1 -> D1 -> Yellow Tx
GND -> GND -> Black Ground
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Digital I/O:
Atmega328p Romeo Board IO Board Jumper Component
PD2 -> D2 -> JP2_7 DS1 Dip Switch 1 - MSB
PD3 -> D3 -> JP2_6 DS2 Dip Switch 2
PD4 -> D4 -> JP3_2 DS3 Dip Switch 3
PD5 -> D5 -> JP2_5 DS4 Dip Switch 4 - LSB
*/
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define F_CPU 16000000UL
#define BAUD 19200
#define DOUBLE_SPEED 0
#define DECIMAL 10
//functions
void initUART(unsigned int baud, unsigned int speed);
void initDIO(void);
void printDec(int sum);
void printByte(uint8_t num);
void printCR(void);
void delay_ms (uint16_t ms);
int main(void)
{
//initialize UART
initUART(BAUD, DOUBLE_SPEED);
//initialize DIO (Digital I/O)
initDIO();
//value to be determined
uint8_t value = 0;
//previous value
uint8_t previous = 0;
while(1)
{
previous = value;
//Set or Clear LSB
if((PIND & 0b00100000) == 0)
{
value |= (1 << 0);
}
else
{
value &= ~(1 << 0);
}
//Set or Clear 2nd bit
if((PIND & 0b00010000) == 0)
{
value |= (1 << 1);
}
else
{
value &= ~(1 << 1);
}
//Set or Clear 3rd bit
if((PIND & 0b00001000) == 0)
{
value |= (1 << 2);
}
else
{
value &= ~(1 << 2);
}
//Set or Clear MSB
if((PIND & 0b00000100) == 0)
{
value |= (1 << 3);
}
else
{
value &= ~(1 << 3);
}
//if value has changed since previous, print the result
if(value != previous)
{
printByte(value);
printDec(value);
printCR();
}
//add small delay to loop in attempt to stablize the button state (debounce buttons)
delay_ms(80);
}
}
void initUART(unsigned int baud, unsigned int speed)
{
unsigned int ubrr;
//double speed is OFF in this lab (it is 0)
if(speed)
{
//double rate mode
ubrr = F_CPU/8/baud-1;
//set double speed mode
UCSR0A = (speed << U2X0);
}
else
{
//normal rate mode
ubrr = F_CPU/16/baud-1;
}
//set the baud rate
UBRR0H = (unsigned char)(ubrr >> 8);
UBRR0L = (unsigned char)(ubrr);
//enable Tx and Rx pins on MCU
UCSR0B = (1 << RXEN0) | (1 << TXEN0);
//set control bits, 8 bit char, 0 stop, no parity
UCSR0C = (1 <<UCSZ00) | (1 <<UCSZ01);
}
void initDIO(void)
{
//set inputs for Port B
//PD2 (D2) DS1
DDRD &= ~(1 << PD2);
//PD3 (D3) DS2
DDRD &= ~(1 << PD3);
//PD4 (D4) DS3
DDRD &= ~(1 << PD4);
//PD5 (D5) DS4
DDRD &= ~(1 << PD5);
//Set PORTD PD2 & PD3 & PD4 & PD5 Pull-Up Resistors
PORTD |= ((1 << PD2) | (1 << PD3) | (1 << PD4) | (1 << PD5));
}
void printDec(int sum)
{
//character buffer for integer to string converstion
char buffer[sizeof(int)*8+1];
//convert integer to decimal represented string
itoa(sum, buffer, DECIMAL);
//transmit character string via UART
for(int i = 0; i < strlen(buffer); i++)
{
// Wait for empty transmit buffer
while( !(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)) ) {};
//start transmission of character string
UDR0 = buffer[i];
}
}
void printByte(uint8_t num)
{
//transmit binary characters via UART
for(int i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
{
// Wait for empty transmit buffer
while( !(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)) ) {};
//start transmission of character string.
//can add character 'O' or integer 48 to statement below,
//both result in the correct character being transmitted.
UDR0 = ((num >> i) & 1) + '0';
}
//transmit one white space
//Wait for empty transmit buffer
while( !(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)) ) {};
UDR0 = 32;
}
void printCR(void)
{
//transmit carriage return
//Wait for empty transmit buffer
while( !(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)) ) {};
UDR0 = 13;
//transmit line feed
//Wait for empty transmit buffer
while( !(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)) ) {};
UDR0 = 10;
}
void delay_ms (uint16_t ms)
{
uint16_t i;
for (i = 0; i < ms; i++)
_delay_ms(1);
}
这是我在程序第一次扫描时看到的屏幕截图。
可能是启用弱上拉和第一次采样之间没有足够的时间。
尝试在循环之前加入延迟!