"pip install openexr" 上的语法错误：错误的编译器？
Syntax errors on "pip install openexr": Wrong compiler?
我正在尝试将 OpenEXR 的 python 绑定安装（编译）到我的模块中。我正在使用 Python 3.8.0。
首先，我只是简单地尝试了 pip install openexr，这导致在 OpenEXR 的 C++ 安装中由于缺少头文件而导致的错误。所以我已经安装了 vcpkg 和 OpenEXR 的东西。正在执行
pip install --global-option=build_ext --global-option="-IC:\vcpkg\packages\openexr_x86-windows\include\OpenEXR" --global-option="-LC:\vcpkg\packages\openexr_x86-windows\lib" openexr
由于来自 Python 绑定的 OpenEXR.cpp 中的语法错误而失败。我已经从 here 手动下载了模块并尝试 install/compile 那个，这会导致同一文件中出现相同的语法错误。
我的 Visual Studio 在文件中没有发现任何问题，所以我假设问题一定是 pip 用来安装该模块的 C++ 编译器。我安装了 Buildtools 2019 并添加了 2017 版，但没有帮助。我想我必须为 pip 指定编译器，但在这里我无法在互联网上找到任何关于这样做的示例。
我的问题：如何指定 pip 用于安装 OpenEXR 的编译器？
提到的语法错误：
C:\Users\alexa\PycharmProjects\Test\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-19.0.3-py3.8.egg\pip\_internal\commands\install.py:207: UserWarning: Disabling all use of wheels due to the use of --build-options / --global-options / --install-options.
cmdoptions.check_install_build_global(options)
Collecting openexr
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7c/c4/76bf884f59d3137847edf8b93aaf40f6257d8315d0064e8b1a606ad80b1b/OpenEXR-1.3.2.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: openexr
Running setup.py install for openexr ... error
Complete output from command C:\Users\alexa\PycharmProjects\Test\venv\Scripts\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\Users\alexa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-81q20tqc\openexr\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" build_ext -IC:\vcpkg\packages\openexr_x86-windows\include\OpenEXR -LC:\vcpkg\packages\openexr_x86-windows\lib install --record C:\Users\alexa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-gjbp0u64\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers C:\Users\alexa\PycharmProjects\Test\venv\include\site\python3.8\openexr:
running build_ext
building 'OpenEXR' extension
creating build
creating build\temp.win32-3.8
creating build\temp.win32-3.8\Release
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio19\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC.21.27702\bin\HostX86\x86\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -I/usr/include/OpenEXR -I/usr/local/include/OpenEXR -I/opt/local/include/OpenEXR -IC:\vcpkg\packages\openexr_x86-windows\include\OpenEXR -IC:\Users\alexa\PycharmProjects\Test\venv\include -IC:\Users\alexa\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\include -IC:\Users\alexa\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio19\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC.21.27702\ATLMFC\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio19\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC.21.27702\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\include.0.17763.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\include.0.17763.0\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\include.0.17763.0\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\include.0.17763.0\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\include.0.17763.0\cppwinrt" /EHsc /TpOpenEXR.cpp /Fobuild\temp.win32-3.8\Release\OpenEXR.obj -g -DVERSION="1.3.2"
cl : Command line warning D9002 : ignoring unknown option '-g'
OpenEXR.cpp
OpenEXR.cpp(1011): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'const T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1025): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1024): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1027): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1026): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1035): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1035): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1082): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1081): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1084): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1083): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1086): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1085): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1088): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1087): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1241): error C2143: syntax error: missing ')' before 'constant'
OpenEXR.cpp(1241): error C2664: 'PyObject *PyBytes_FromString(const char *)': cannot convert argument 1 from 'double' to 'const char *'
OpenEXR.cpp(1241): error C2660: 'PyDict_SetItemString': function does not take 2 arguments
C:\Users\alexa\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\include\dictobject.h(58): note: see declaration of 'PyDict_SetItemString'
OpenEXR.cpp(1241): error C2143: syntax error: missing ';' before 'constant'
OpenEXR.cpp(1241): error C2059: syntax error: ')'
error: command 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.21.27702\bin\HostX86\x86\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2
----------------------------------------
您可以找到 Python 3 和 2 here 的 OpenEXR 绑定的二进制文件。无论如何，如果有人知道如何调整 pip 完成的编译过程以使其工作，请分享。
干脆不要使用pip。不确定您尝试做的事情实际上是否可行（该项目显然与 Python 3.8 不兼容），但如果您想自定义 C 扩展的编译，请跳过 pip 首先直接使用 python setup.py build_ext 的选项。一旦你在那里取得了进展，然后最终通过 --global-options.
返回使用 pip
例如，我可以使用以下选项：
$ ./setup.py build_ext --help
Common commands: (see '--help-commands' for more)
setup.py build will build the package underneath 'build/'
setup.py install will install the package
Global options:
--verbose (-v) run verbosely (default)
--quiet (-q) run quietly (turns verbosity off)
--dry-run (-n) don't actually do anything
--help (-h) show detailed help message
--no-user-cfg ignore pydistutils.cfg in your home directory
Options for 'build_ext' command:
--build-lib (-b) directory for compiled extension modules
--build-temp (-t) directory for temporary files (build by-products)
--plat-name (-p) platform name to cross-compile for, if supported
(default: linux-x86_64)
--inplace (-i) ignore build-lib and put compiled extensions into the
source directory alongside your pure Python modules
--include-dirs (-I) list of directories to search for header files
(separated by ':')
--define (-D) C preprocessor macros to define
--undef (-U) C preprocessor macros to undefine
--libraries (-l) external C libraries to link with
--library-dirs (-L) directories to search for external C libraries
(separated by ':')
--rpath (-R) directories to search for shared C libraries at runtime
--link-objects (-O) extra explicit link objects to include in the link
--debug (-g) compile/link with debugging information
--force (-f) forcibly build everything (ignore file timestamps)
--compiler (-c) specify the compiler type
--parallel (-j) number of parallel build jobs
--swig-cpp make SWIG create C++ files (default is C)
--swig-opts list of SWIG command line options
--swig path to the SWIG executable
--user add user include, library and rpath
--help-compiler list available compilers
usage: setup.py [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
or: setup.py --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
or: setup.py --help-commands
or: setup.py cmd --help
一些相关文档在这里：
我正在尝试将 OpenEXR 的 python 绑定安装（编译）到我的模块中。我正在使用 Python 3.8.0。
首先，我只是简单地尝试了 pip install openexr，这导致在 OpenEXR 的 C++ 安装中由于缺少头文件而导致的错误。所以我已经安装了 vcpkg 和 OpenEXR 的东西。正在执行
pip install --global-option=build_ext --global-option="-IC:\vcpkg\packages\openexr_x86-windows\include\OpenEXR" --global-option="-LC:\vcpkg\packages\openexr_x86-windows\lib" openexr
由于来自 Python 绑定的 OpenEXR.cpp 中的语法错误而失败。我已经从 here 手动下载了模块并尝试 install/compile 那个，这会导致同一文件中出现相同的语法错误。
我的 Visual Studio 在文件中没有发现任何问题，所以我假设问题一定是 pip 用来安装该模块的 C++ 编译器。我安装了 Buildtools 2019 并添加了 2017 版，但没有帮助。我想我必须为 pip 指定编译器，但在这里我无法在互联网上找到任何关于这样做的示例。
我的问题：如何指定 pip 用于安装 OpenEXR 的编译器？
提到的语法错误：
C:\Users\alexa\PycharmProjects\Test\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-19.0.3-py3.8.egg\pip\_internal\commands\install.py:207: UserWarning: Disabling all use of wheels due to the use of --build-options / --global-options / --install-options.
cmdoptions.check_install_build_global(options)
Collecting openexr
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7c/c4/76bf884f59d3137847edf8b93aaf40f6257d8315d0064e8b1a606ad80b1b/OpenEXR-1.3.2.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: openexr
Running setup.py install for openexr ... error
Complete output from command C:\Users\alexa\PycharmProjects\Test\venv\Scripts\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\Users\alexa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-81q20tqc\openexr\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" build_ext -IC:\vcpkg\packages\openexr_x86-windows\include\OpenEXR -LC:\vcpkg\packages\openexr_x86-windows\lib install --record C:\Users\alexa\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-gjbp0u64\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers C:\Users\alexa\PycharmProjects\Test\venv\include\site\python3.8\openexr:
running build_ext
building 'OpenEXR' extension
creating build
creating build\temp.win32-3.8
creating build\temp.win32-3.8\Release
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio19\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC.21.27702\bin\HostX86\x86\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -I/usr/include/OpenEXR -I/usr/local/include/OpenEXR -I/opt/local/include/OpenEXR -IC:\vcpkg\packages\openexr_x86-windows\include\OpenEXR -IC:\Users\alexa\PycharmProjects\Test\venv\include -IC:\Users\alexa\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\include -IC:\Users\alexa\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio19\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC.21.27702\ATLMFC\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio19\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC.21.27702\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\include.0.17763.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\include.0.17763.0\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\include.0.17763.0\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\include.0.17763.0\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\include.0.17763.0\cppwinrt" /EHsc /TpOpenEXR.cpp /Fobuild\temp.win32-3.8\Release\OpenEXR.obj -g -DVERSION="1.3.2"
cl : Command line warning D9002 : ignoring unknown option '-g'
OpenEXR.cpp
OpenEXR.cpp(1011): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'const T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1025): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1024): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1027): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1026): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1035): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1035): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1082): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1081): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1084): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1083): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1086): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1085): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1088): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1087): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'double' to 'T', possible loss of data
with
[
T=float
]
OpenEXR.cpp(1241): error C2143: syntax error: missing ')' before 'constant'
OpenEXR.cpp(1241): error C2664: 'PyObject *PyBytes_FromString(const char *)': cannot convert argument 1 from 'double' to 'const char *'
OpenEXR.cpp(1241): error C2660: 'PyDict_SetItemString': function does not take 2 arguments
C:\Users\alexa\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\include\dictobject.h(58): note: see declaration of 'PyDict_SetItemString'
OpenEXR.cpp(1241): error C2143: syntax error: missing ';' before 'constant'
OpenEXR.cpp(1241): error C2059: syntax error: ')'
error: command 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.21.27702\bin\HostX86\x86\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2
----------------------------------------
您可以找到 Python 3 和 2 here 的 OpenEXR 绑定的二进制文件。无论如何，如果有人知道如何调整 pip 完成的编译过程以使其工作，请分享。
干脆不要使用pip。不确定您尝试做的事情实际上是否可行（该项目显然与 Python 3.8 不兼容），但如果您想自定义 C 扩展的编译，请跳过 pip 首先直接使用 python setup.py build_ext 的选项。一旦你在那里取得了进展，然后最终通过 --global-options.
例如，我可以使用以下选项：
$ ./setup.py build_ext --help
Common commands: (see '--help-commands' for more)
setup.py build will build the package underneath 'build/'
setup.py install will install the package
Global options:
--verbose (-v) run verbosely (default)
--quiet (-q) run quietly (turns verbosity off)
--dry-run (-n) don't actually do anything
--help (-h) show detailed help message
--no-user-cfg ignore pydistutils.cfg in your home directory
Options for 'build_ext' command:
--build-lib (-b) directory for compiled extension modules
--build-temp (-t) directory for temporary files (build by-products)
--plat-name (-p) platform name to cross-compile for, if supported
(default: linux-x86_64)
--inplace (-i) ignore build-lib and put compiled extensions into the
source directory alongside your pure Python modules
--include-dirs (-I) list of directories to search for header files
(separated by ':')
--define (-D) C preprocessor macros to define
--undef (-U) C preprocessor macros to undefine
--libraries (-l) external C libraries to link with
--library-dirs (-L) directories to search for external C libraries
(separated by ':')
--rpath (-R) directories to search for shared C libraries at runtime
--link-objects (-O) extra explicit link objects to include in the link
--debug (-g) compile/link with debugging information
--force (-f) forcibly build everything (ignore file timestamps)
--compiler (-c) specify the compiler type
--parallel (-j) number of parallel build jobs
--swig-cpp make SWIG create C++ files (default is C)
--swig-opts list of SWIG command line options
--swig path to the SWIG executable
--user add user include, library and rpath
--help-compiler list available compilers
usage: setup.py [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
or: setup.py --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
or: setup.py --help-commands
or: setup.py cmd --help
一些相关文档在这里：