使用 Strftime 格式化 DateTime

Using Strftime to format DateTime

我正在研究将输入时间戳格式化为输入格式的函数。

std::string 1stformat = "dd - MM - yyyy HH 'Hours' mm 'Minutes' ss 'Seconds' SSS 'Miliseconds –' a '– Time Zone: ' Z '-' zzzz";//will not print anything
std::string 2ndformat = "'This took about' h 'minutes and' s 'seconds.'";//will print out

格式化后

char date_string[100];
strftime(date_string, 50, format.c_str(), curr_tm);

我的问题是有时输入格式太长导致缓冲区 date_string 内容不足。在过去的 3 周里,我才开始接触 C++,所以我对此没有太多了解。

strftime() 的包装器,它根据需要增加缓冲区,直到它足够大以适应所需的时间字符串:

#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>

std::string safe_strftime(const char *fmt, const std::tm *t) {
  std::size_t len = 10; // Adjust initial length as desired. Maybe based on the length of fmt?
  auto buff = std::make_unique<char[]>(len);
  while (std::strftime(buff.get(), len, fmt, t) == 0) {
    len *= 2;
    buff = std::make_unique<char[]>(len);
  }
  return std::string{buff.get()};
}

int main() {
  std::time_t now;
  std::time(&now);
  std::cout << safe_strftime("The date is %Y-%m-%d", std::localtime(&now))
            << '\n';
  return 0;
}

不幸的是,std::strftime() 的接口不如 std::snprintf() 的接口有用,因为它 returns 0 如果缓冲区太小,而不是字符数被写。我们需要试探性地增加缓冲区大小并重试,可能像这样:

#include <ctime>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

std::string time_to_string(const char *format, const std::tm* time)
{
    // first try with an on-stack buffer (fast path)
    char buf[200];
    auto written = std::strftime(buf, sizeof buf, format, time);
    if (written > 0) {
        return buf;
    }

    // now, iterate with an allocated buffer
    auto len = sizeof buf;
    std::vector<char> v;
    do {
        v.resize(len *= 2);
        written = std::strftime(v.data(), v.size(), format, time);
    } while (written == 0);

    return {v.data(), written};
}